메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 63-78

Pharmacological characterization of the novel ACh releaser α-tropanyl 2-(4-bromophenyl)propionate (PG-9)

Author keywords

Acetylcholine release; Analgesia; Antinociception; Cholinergic system; Learning; Memory; Pain; PG 9

Indexed keywords

2 (4 BROMOPHENYL)PROPIONIC ACID 3ALPHA TROPYL ESTER; ALPHA TROPANYL 2 (4 BROMOPHENYL)PROPIONATE; ANTINOCICEPTIVE AGENT; ATROPINE; HEMICHOLINIUM 3; METHOCTRAMINE; NEOSTIGMINE; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; OTENZEPAD; PHYSOSTIGMINE; PILOCARPINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 0034112604     PISSN: 1080563X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2000.tb00138.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (7)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 1642627916 scopus 로고
    • The effect of local anaesthetics on neuromuscular transmission in the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation
    • Ganguly JK, ed. London: Pergamon Press
    • Abbs CT, Wall AH. The effect of local anaesthetics on neuromuscular transmission in the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. In: Ganguly JK, ed. Comparative Effect of Local Anaesthetics. London: Pergamon Press, 1981:22-31.
    • (1981) Comparative Effect of Local Anaesthetics , pp. 22-31
    • Abbs, C.T.1    Wall, A.H.2
  • 2
    • 0030963834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methoctramine moderately improves memory but pirenzepine disrupts performance in delayed non-matching to position test
    • Aura J, Sirviö J, Riekkinen P, Jr. Methoctramine moderately improves memory but pirenzepine disrupts performance in delayed non-matching to position test. Eur J Pharmacol 1997;333:129-134.
    • (1997) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.333 , pp. 129-134
    • Aura, J.1    Sirviö, J.2    Riekkinen Jr., P.3
  • 3
    • 0023598486 scopus 로고
    • Antinociception induced by systemic administration of local anaesthetics depends on a cholinergic mechanism
    • Bartolini A, Galli A, Ghelardini C, et al. Antinociception induced by systemic administration of local anaesthetics depends on a cholinergic mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 1987;92:711-721.
    • (1987) Br J Pharmacol , vol.92 , pp. 711-721
    • Bartolini, A.1    Galli, A.2    Ghelardini, C.3
  • 4
    • 0345496696 scopus 로고
    • I.c.v. AFDX 116 induces analgesia only when administered at very low doses
    • Bartolini A, Ghelardini C, Gualtieri F, et al. I.c.v. AFDX 116 induces analgesia only when administered at very low doses. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1989;Suppl IV:99.
    • (1989) Trends Pharmacol Sci , Issue.4 SUPPL. , pp. 99
    • Bartolini, A.1    Ghelardini, C.2    Gualtieri, F.3
  • 5
    • 0026570445 scopus 로고
    • Role of muscarinic receptor subtypes in central antinociception
    • Bartolini A, Ghelardini C, Fantetti L, et al. Role of muscarinic receptor subtypes in central antinociception. Br J Pharmacol 1992;105:77-82.
    • (1992) Br J Pharmacol , vol.105 , pp. 77-82
    • Bartolini, A.1    Ghelardini, C.2    Fantetti, L.3
  • 7
    • 0025196888 scopus 로고
    • 3 agonists decrease acetylcholine efflux from the cerebral cortex of freely-moving guinea-pigs
    • 3 agonists decrease acetylcholine efflux from the cerebral cortex of freely-moving guinea-pigs. Br J Pharmacol 1990;101:448-452.
    • (1990) Br J Pharmacol , vol.101 , pp. 448-452
    • Bianchi, C.1    Siniscalchi, A.2    Beani, L.3
  • 8
    • 0000466265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists
    • Hardman JG, Limbird LE, eds. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
    • Brown JH, Taylor P. Muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, eds. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996:141-160.
    • (1996) Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , pp. 141-160
    • Brown, J.H.1    Taylor, P.2
  • 9
    • 84956848860 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation on the rat
    • Bülbring E. Observations on the isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation on the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1946;1:38-61.
    • (1946) Br J Pharmacol , vol.1 , pp. 38-61
    • Bülbring, E.1
  • 11
    • 0023392945 scopus 로고
    • High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA
    • Chen C, Okayama H. High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA. Mol Cell Biol 1987;7:2745-2752.
    • (1987) Mol Cell Biol , vol.7 , pp. 2745-2752
    • Chen, C.1    Okayama, H.2
  • 15
    • 0003348618 scopus 로고
    • A cholinergic hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease
    • Meyer L, Nordeberg GH, eds. London: Pergamon Press
    • Coyle JM. A cholinergic hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease. In: Meyer L, Nordeberg GH, eds. Learning and Memory Molecular Bases. London: Pergamon Press, 1995:1-32.
    • (1995) Learning and Memory Molecular Bases , pp. 1-32
    • Coyle, J.M.1
  • 16
    • 0002261078 scopus 로고
    • A method for determining loss of pain sensation
    • D'Amour FE, Smith DL. A method for determining loss of pain sensation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1941;72:74-79.
    • (1941) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.72 , pp. 74-79
    • D'Amour, F.E.1    Smith, D.L.2
  • 17
    • 0029072549 scopus 로고
    • Analgesic, antimuscarinic activity and enantioselectivity of the four isomers of 3-quiniclidinyl tropate as compared with the enantiomers of hyoscyamine
    • Dei S, Bellucci C, Gualtieri F, et al. Analgesic, antimuscarinic activity and enantioselectivity of the four isomers of 3-quiniclidinyl tropate as compared with the enantiomers of hyoscyamine. Il Farmaco 1995;50:303-309.
    • (1995) Il Farmaco , vol.50 , pp. 303-309
    • Dei, S.1    Bellucci, C.2    Gualtieri, F.3
  • 18
    • 0026078078 scopus 로고
    • Cardioselectivity of AQ-Ra 741, a novel tricyclic antimuscarinic drug
    • Doods H, Entzeroth M, Mayer N. Cardioselectivity of AQ-RA 741, a novel tricyclic antimuscarinic drug. Eur J Pharmacol 1991;192:147-152.
    • (1991) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.192 , pp. 147-152
    • Doods, H.1    Entzeroth, M.2    Mayer, N.3
  • 21
    • 0021888354 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological evidence for selective inhibition of gastric acid secretion by telenzepine, a new antimuscarinic drug
    • Eltze M, Gonne S, Riedel R, Schlotke B, Schudt C, Simon WA. Pharmacological evidence for selective inhibition of gastric acid secretion by telenzepine, a new antimuscarinic drug. Eur J Pharmacol 1985;112:211-224.
    • (1985) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.112 , pp. 211-224
    • Eltze, M.1    Gonne, S.2    Riedel, R.3    Schlotke, B.4    Schudt, C.5    Simon, W.A.6
  • 22
    • 0024205951 scopus 로고
    • Affinity and selectivity of biperiden enantiomers for muscarinic receptor subtypes
    • Eltze M, Figala V. Affinity and selectivity of biperiden enantiomers for muscarinic receptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol 1988;158:11-19.
    • (1988) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.158 , pp. 11-19
    • Eltze, M.1    Figala, V.2
  • 23
    • 0023821640 scopus 로고
    • 2 receptors mediating opposite effects on neuromuscular transmission in rabbit vas deferens
    • 2 receptors mediating opposite effects on neuromuscular transmission in rabbit vas deferens. Eur J Pharmacol 1988;151:205-221.
    • (1988) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.151 , pp. 205-221
    • Eltze, M.1
  • 24
    • 0030592142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pertussis toxin on morphine, diphenhydramine, baclofen, clomipramine and physostigmine antinociception
    • Galeotti N, Ghelardini C, Bartolini A. Effect of pertussis toxin on morphine, diphenhydramine, baclofen, clomipramine and physostigmine antinociception. Eur J Pharmacol 1996;308(2):125-133.
    • (1996) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.308 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-133
    • Galeotti, N.1    Ghelardini, C.2    Bartolini, A.3
  • 26
    • 0042112358 scopus 로고
    • The central action of a metabolite of tremorine
    • George R, Haslett WL, Jenden DJ. The central action of a metabolite of tremorine. Life Sci 1962;1:361-363.
    • (1962) Life Sci , vol.1 , pp. 361-363
    • George, R.1    Haslett, W.L.2    Jenden, D.J.3
  • 29
    • 79959335247 scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptors in the cholinergic regulation of pain
    • Angeli P, Gulini U, Quaglia W, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publisher BV
    • Ghelardini C, Giotti A, Gualtieri F, et al. Presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptors in the cholinergic regulation of pain. In: Angeli P, Gulini U, Quaglia W, eds. Trends in Receptor Research. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publisher BV, 1992:95-114.
    • (1992) Trends in Receptor Research , pp. 95-114
    • Ghelardini, C.1    Giotti, A.2    Gualtieri, F.3
  • 30
    • 0343763925 scopus 로고
    • R-(+)-hyoscyamine: The first and selective antagonist for guinea-pig uterus muscarinic receptor subtype
    • Ghelardini C, Gualtieri F, Baldini M, et al. R-(+)-hyoscyamine: The first and selective antagonist for guinea-pig uterus muscarinic receptor subtype. Life Sci 1993;52:569.
    • (1993) Life Sci , vol.52 , pp. 569
    • Ghelardini, C.1    Gualtieri, F.2    Baldini, M.3
  • 35
    • 17644443193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereoselective increase in cholinergic transmission by R-(+)-hyoscyamine
    • Ghelardini C, Gualtieri F, Romanelli MN, et al. Stereoselective increase in cholinergic transmission by R-(+)-hyoscyamine. Neuropharmacology 1997;36:281-294.
    • (1997) Neuropharmacology , vol.36 , pp. 281-294
    • Ghelardini, C.1    Gualtieri, F.2    Romanelli, M.N.3
  • 36
    • 0031760271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory facilitation and stimulation of endogenous nerve growth factor synthesis by the ACh releaser PG-9
    • Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Bartolini A. Memory facilitation and stimulation of endogenous nerve growth factor synthesis by the ACh releaser PG-9. Jpn J Pharmacol 1998;73:245-251.
    • (1998) Jpn J Pharmacol , vol.73 , pp. 245-251
    • Ghelardini, C.1    Galeotti, N.2    Bartolini, A.3
  • 37
    • 0031888642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antinociceptive and antiamnesic properties of the presynaptic cholinergic amplifier PG-9
    • Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Gualtieri F, et al. Antinociceptive and antiamnesic properties of the presynaptic cholinergic amplifier PG-9. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998;284:806-816.
    • (1998) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.284 , pp. 806-816
    • Ghelardini, C.1    Galeotti, N.2    Gualtieri, F.3
  • 39
    • 0025974534 scopus 로고
    • Effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on acetylcholine release from different brain areas investigated by microdialysis
    • Giovannini MG, Casamenti F, Nistri A, Paoli F, Pepeu G. Effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on acetylcholine release from different brain areas investigated by microdialysis. Br J Pharmacol 1991;102:363-368.
    • (1991) Br J Pharmacol , vol.102 , pp. 363-368
    • Giovannini, M.G.1    Casamenti, F.2    Nistri, A.3    Paoli, F.4    Pepeu, G.5
  • 40
    • 0022544456 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological evidence for direct dopaminergic regulation of striatal acetylcholine release
    • Gorell JM, Czarnecki B. Pharmacological evidence for direct dopaminergic regulation of striatal acetylcholine release. Life Sci 1986;38:2239-2246.
    • (1986) Life Sci , vol.38 , pp. 2239-2246
    • Gorell, J.M.1    Czarnecki, B.2
  • 41
    • 0028224652 scopus 로고
    • Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics
    • Gouliaev AH, Senning A. Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics. Brain Res Rev 1994;19:180-222.
    • (1994) Brain Res Rev , vol.19 , pp. 180-222
    • Gouliaev, A.H.1    Senning, A.2
  • 43
    • 0003088369 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic presynaptic autoreceptors and muscarinic postsynaptic receptors have opposite stereochemical requirements
    • Gualtieri F, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, et al. Muscarinic presynaptic autoreceptors and muscarinic postsynaptic receptors have opposite stereochemical requirements. Med Chem Res 1991;1:52-58.
    • (1991) Med Chem Res , vol.1 , pp. 52-58
    • Gualtieri, F.1    Romanelli, M.N.2    Scapecchi, S.3
  • 44
    • 0028234266 scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic cholinergic modulators as potent cognition enhancers and analgesic drugs. II. 2-Phenoxy-, 2-(phenylthio)- and 2-(phenylamino) alkanoic acid esters
    • Gualtieri F, Bottalico C, Calandrella A, et al. Presynaptic cholinergic modulators as potent cognition enhancers and analgesic drugs. II. 2-Phenoxy-, 2-(phenylthio)- and 2-(phenylamino) alkanoic acid esters. J Med Chem 1994;37:1712-1719.
    • (1994) J Med Chem , vol.37 , pp. 1712-1719
    • Gualtieri, F.1    Bottalico, C.2    Calandrella, A.3
  • 45
    • 0028225782 scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic cholinergic modulators as potent cognition enhancer and analgesic drugs. Tropic and 2-phenylpropionic acid ester
    • Gualtieri F, Conti G, Dei S, et al. Presynaptic cholinergic modulators as potent cognition enhancer and analgesic drugs. Tropic and 2-phenylpropionic acid ester. J Med Chem 1994;37(11):1704-1711.
    • (1994) J Med Chem , vol.37 , Issue.11 , pp. 1704-1711
    • Gualtieri, F.1    Conti, G.2    Dei, S.3
  • 46
    • 70449139880 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological effects produced by intracerebral injection of drugs in the conscious mouse
    • Haley TJ, McCormick WG. Pharmacological effects produced by intracerebral injection of drugs in the conscious mouse. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 1957;12:12-15.
    • (1957) Br J Pharmacol Chemother , vol.12 , pp. 12-15
    • Haley, T.J.1    McCormick, W.G.2
  • 48
    • 84943953806 scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of the frequency of phenylquinone-induced writhing in the mouse by weak analgesics and nonanalgesics
    • Hendershot LC, Forsaith J. Antagonism of the frequency of phenylquinone-induced writhing in the mouse by weak analgesics and nonanalgesics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1959;125:237-240.
    • (1959) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.125 , pp. 237-240
    • Hendershot, L.C.1    Forsaith, J.2
  • 49
    • 34250956645 scopus 로고
    • Wirkungen des Arecolins auf das Zentralnervensystem
    • Herz A. Wirkungen des Arecolins auf das Zentralnervensystem. Arch Exp Path Pharmacokin 1962;242:414-429.
    • (1962) Arch Exp Path Pharmacokin , vol.242 , pp. 414-429
    • Herz, A.1
  • 50
    • 0023874505 scopus 로고
    • Pertussis toxin inhibits antinociception produced by intrathecal injection of morphine, noradrenaline and baclofen
    • Hoehn K, Reid A, Sawynok J. Pertussis toxin inhibits antinociception produced by intrathecal injection of morphine, noradrenaline and baclofen. Eur J Pharmacol 1988;146:65-72.
    • (1988) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.146 , pp. 65-72
    • Hoehn, K.1    Reid, A.2    Sawynok, J.3
  • 54
    • 0017393239 scopus 로고
    • Effects of central depressants on rota-rod and traction performances in mice
    • Kuribara H, Higuchi Y, Takadoro S. Effects of central depressants on rota-rod and traction performances in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol 1977;27:117-126.
    • (1977) Jpn J Pharmacol , vol.27 , pp. 117-126
    • Kuribara, H.1    Higuchi, Y.2    Takadoro, S.3
  • 55
    • 0024472833 scopus 로고
    • 3H]AF-DX 116 and effect of AF-DX 116 on endogenous acetylcholine release from brain slices
    • 3H]AF-DX 116 and effect of AF-DX 116 on endogenous acetylcholine release from brain slices. Brain Res 1989;496:285-294.
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.496 , pp. 285-294
    • Lapchak, P.A.1    Araujo, D.M.2    Quirion, R.3    Collier, B.4
  • 56
    • 0023850632 scopus 로고
    • K-Opioid agonists produce antinociception after i.v. and i.c.v. but not intrathecal administration in the rat
    • Leighton GE, Rodriguez RE, Hill RG, Hughes J. K-Opioid agonists produce antinociception after i.v. and i.c.v. but not intrathecal administration in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1988;93:553-560.
    • (1988) Br J Pharmacol , vol.93 , pp. 553-560
    • Leighton, G.E.1    Rodriguez, R.E.2    Hill, R.G.3    Hughes, J.4
  • 59
    • 0027381650 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological characterization of the rat hippocampal muscarinic autoreceptor
    • McKinney M, Miller JH, Aagaard PJ. Pharmacological characterization of the rat hippocampal muscarinic autoreceptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993;264:74-78.
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.264 , pp. 74-78
    • McKinney, M.1    Miller, J.H.2    Aagaard, P.J.3
  • 61
    • 0001910430 scopus 로고
    • B receptor blocker improves the cognitive performance of mice, rats and rhesus monkeys
    • B receptor blocker improves the cognitive performance of mice, rats and rhesus monkeys. Pharmacol Comm 1992;2:93-97.
    • (1992) Pharmacol Comm , vol.2 , pp. 93-97
    • Mondadori, C.1    Preiswerk, G.2    Jaekel, J.3
  • 62
    • 0016671314 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the analgesic activity of narcotic antagonists by a modified hot-plate procedure
    • O'Callaghan JP, Holtzman SG. Quantification of the analgesic activity of narcotic antagonists by a modified hot-plate procedure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1975;192:497-505.
    • (1975) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.192 , pp. 497-505
    • O'Callaghan, J.P.1    Holtzman, S.G.2
  • 63
    • 0022611660 scopus 로고
    • Pertussis toxin inhibits the antinociceptive action of morphine in the rat
    • Parenti M, Tirone F, Giagnoni G, Pecora N, Parolaro D. Pertussis toxin inhibits the antinociceptive action of morphine in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1986;124:357-359.
    • (1986) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.124 , pp. 357-359
    • Parenti, M.1    Tirone, F.2    Giagnoni, G.3    Pecora, N.4    Parolaro, D.5
  • 64
    • 0014446524 scopus 로고
    • The inhibitory action of noradrenaline and acetylcholine output by guinea-pig longitudinal muscle strip
    • Paton WDM, Vizi ES. The inhibitory action of noradrenaline and acetylcholine output by guinea-pig longitudinal muscle strip. Br J Pharmacol 1969;35:10-28.
    • (1969) Br J Pharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 10-28
    • Paton, W.D.M.1    Vizi, E.S.2
  • 65
    • 0016513490 scopus 로고
    • Determination and characterization of the antinociceptive activity of intracerebroventricularly administered acetylcholine
    • Pedigo NW, Dewey WL, Harris LS. Determination and characterization of the antinociceptive activity of intracerebroventricularly administered acetylcholine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1975;193:845-852.
    • (1975) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.193 , pp. 845-852
    • Pedigo, N.W.1    Dewey, W.L.2    Harris, L.S.3
  • 66
    • 0023201467 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic agonist and antagonist interactions on motor nerve endings of the rat -evidence for the involvement of presynaptic receptors in the regulation of acetylcholine release
    • Prado WA, Corrado AP. Cholinergic agonist and antagonist interactions on motor nerve endings of the rat -evidence for the involvement of presynaptic receptors in the regulation of acetylcholine release. Gen Pharmacol 1987;18:75-81.
    • (1987) Gen Pharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 75-81
    • Prado, W.A.1    Corrado, A.P.2
  • 67
    • 77049295181 scopus 로고
    • The simultaneous measurement of absorption and transit in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat
    • Reynell PC, Spray GH. The simultaneous measurement of absorption and transit in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. J Physiol 1956;131:452-462.
    • (1956) J Physiol , vol.131 , pp. 452-462
    • Reynell, P.C.1    Spray, G.H.2
  • 68
    • 9344250566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and enantioselectivity of the enantiomers of PG9 and SM21, new potent analgesic and cognition-enhancing drugs
    • Romanelli MN, Bartolini A, Bertucci C, et al. Synthesis and enantioselectivity of the enantiomers of PG9 and SM21, new potent analgesic and cognition-enhancing drugs. Chirality 1996;8:225-233.
    • (1996) Chirality , vol.8 , pp. 225-233
    • Romanelli, M.N.1    Bartolini, A.2    Bertucci, C.3
  • 69
    • 0023763240 scopus 로고
    • Role of G-proteins and adenylate cyclase in antinociception produced by intrathecal purines
    • Sawynok J, Reid A. Role of G-proteins and adenylate cyclase in antinociception produced by intrathecal purines. Eur J Pharmacol 1988;156:25-34.
    • (1988) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.156 , pp. 25-34
    • Sawynok, J.1    Reid, A.2
  • 70
    • 0020333680 scopus 로고
    • 1 dopamine receptors in dopaminergic control of striatal cholinergic transmission
    • 1 dopamine receptors in dopaminergic control of striatal cholinergic transmission. Life Sci 1992;31:2883-2890.
    • (1992) Life Sci , vol.31 , pp. 2883-2890
    • Scatton, B.1
  • 72
    • 0014884552 scopus 로고
    • Effects of drugs, ileal obstruction, and irradiation on rat gastrointestinal propulsion
    • Summers RW, Kent TH, Osborne JW. Effects of drugs, ileal obstruction, and irradiation on rat gastrointestinal propulsion. Gastroenterology 1970;59:731-739.
    • (1970) Gastroenterology , vol.59 , pp. 731-739
    • Summers, R.W.1    Kent, T.H.2    Osborne, J.W.3
  • 73
    • 0025964395 scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic effects of methoctramine on release of acetylcholine
    • Tōrōcsik A, Vizi ES. Presynaptic effects of methoctramine on release of acetylcholine. Neuropharmacology 1991;30:293-298.
    • (1991) Neuropharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 293-298
    • Torocsik, A.1    Vizi, E.S.2
  • 75
    • 0022930296 scopus 로고
    • 3H]-acetylcholine from a modified rat phrenic nerve - Hemidiaphragm preparation
    • 3H]-acetylcholine from a modified rat phrenic nerve - hemidiaphragm preparation. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 1986;334:357-364.
    • (1986) Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol , vol.334 , pp. 357-364
    • Wessler, I.1    Kilbinger, H.2
  • 76
    • 0023676686 scopus 로고
    • Facilitatory and inhibitory muscarinic receptors on the rat phrenic nerve: Effects of pirenzepine and dicyclomine
    • Wessler I, Diener A, Hoffermann M. Facilitatory and inhibitory muscarinic receptors on the rat phrenic nerve: Effects of pirenzepine and dicyclomine. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 1988;338:138-142.
    • (1988) Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol , vol.338 , pp. 138-142
    • Wessler, I.1    Diener, A.2    Hoffermann, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.