The international ocean regime at the new Millennium: A survey of the contemporary legal order

Ocean and Coastal Management

Volumn 43, Issue 2-3, 2000, Pages 163-203

  Joyner, Christopher C ^a  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FISHERIES; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; OCEANOGRAPHY; REGULATORY COMPLIANCE; SOCIETIES AND INSTITUTIONS; WATER POLLUTION CONTROL;

INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS; INTERNATIONAL OCEAN REGIME; LAW OF THE SEA; REGIONAL ACCORDS;

INTERNATIONAL LAW;

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION; INTERNATIONAL LAW; LEGAL SYSTEM; MARINE POLICY;

EID: 0034103985     PISSN: 09645691     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0964-5691(00)00029-6     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, done at Montego Bay on December 10, 1982, entered into force November 16, 1994, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.62/122, reprinted in United Nations, The Law of the Seas: Official Text of the Convention on the Law of the Sea with Annexes and Index, U.N. Sales No. E.83.V.5, 1983 [hereinafter cited as 1982 LOS Convention]. As of 1 March 2000, 132 states were parties to the 1982 LOS Convention.
2. Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, with annex, done May 18, 1977, entered into force October 5, 1978, 31 UST 333, TIAS 9614.
3. Oceans and the Law of the Sea: Report of the Secretary-General, U.N. Doc. A/54/429, 1999, paras. 219-230, located at web site http://un.org/Depts/105/a54_429htm#1 (visited on December 1, 1999).
4. Oceans and the Law of the Sea: Report of the Secretary General 1998, UN Doc. A/53/456, para. 146, located at web site 〈http://www.un.org/Depts/los/a53-456.htm〉 (visited on May 27, 1999).
5. IMO Resolution A.871(20) of November 27, 1997.
6. Convention on Offenses and Certain other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, Article 1, done September 14, 1963, entered into force December 4, 1969, 20 UST 2941; TIAS 6768; 704 UNTS 219.
7. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, done December 16, 1970, entered into force October 14, 1971, 22 UST 1641; TIAS 7192.
8. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done September 23, 1971, entered into force January 26, 1973, 24 UST 564; TIAS 7570.
9. Joyner CC. compliance and enforcement in new international fisheries law. Temple International and Comparative Law Journal 1998;12:271-300.
10. Regional Convention on Fisheries Cooperation among African States Bordering the Atlantic Ocean, located at web site http://www.fao.org/legal/treaties/022S-E.HTM (visited on May 25, 1999).
11. Stokke OS. Conclusions, in: Stokke OL., editor. Governing high seas fisheries: the interplay of global and regional regimes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming.
12. Doulman DJ. Technical assistance in fisheries monitoring control and surveillance: a historical perspective of FAO's role (FAO Fisheries Circular No. 882, 1994). A catalogue of contemporary FAO activities relating to fisheries is contained in the FAO web site at: 〈HTTP://www.fao.org〉.
13. Herr R. The international regulation of patagonian toothfish: CCAMLR and high seas fisheries management, in: Stokke, editor. Governing high seas fisheries, p. 242-66.
14. See Convention on the Conservation and Management of Pollack Resources in the Central Bering Sea, U.S. Senate Treaty Doc. 103-27, 1994.
15. See Agreement to Promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Seas, U.S. Senate Treaty Doc. 103-24, 1994.
16. Large-Scale Pelagic Driftnet Fishing and Its Impacts on the Living Resources of the World's Oceans and Seas, UNGA Res. 44/225, U.N. Doc. A/R.44/225 (March 15, 1990), reprinted in 29 International Legal Materials 29 (1990), 1555.
17. Convention for the Prohibition of Fishing with Long Driftnets in the South Pacific, done November 24, 1989 and at October 20, 1990, entered into force February 22, 1992, reprinted in International Legal Materials 29 (1990), 1449.
18. International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling with Schedule of Whaling Regulations, done in Washington on December 1, 1946, entered into force November 10, 1948. TIAS 1849, 4 Bevans 248, 161 UNTS 72.
19. Wheatly R, Saunders B. 1997 OTC highlights 50 years of offshore technological progress. Oil and Gas Journal 1997;95(20):22.
20. Law of the Sea: Multilateral Treaties - A Reference Guide to Multilateral Treaties and other International Instruments related to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (revised and updated as of December 31, 1996) (UN Pub., Sales No. E.97.V.9).
21. United Nations Conference on Environment and Sustainable Development; Convention on Biological Diversity, done June 5, 1992, entered into force December 29, 1993.
22. Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution, done February 16, 1976, entered into force February 12, 1978.
23. Kuwait Regional Convention for Cooperation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution, done April 23, 1978, entered into force June 30, 1979, 1140 UNTS 1334.
24. Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African region, done March 23, 1987.
25. Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South-East Pacific, done November 12, 1981, in U.N. Doc. UNEP/GC/INF.11, p. 185.
26. Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment, done February 14, 1982, in UNEP/GC/INF.11, p. 191, entered into force August 20, 1985.
27. Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, done March 24, 1983, entered into force November 10, 1986, TIAS 11085.
28. Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern Africa Region, adopted June 21, 1985.
29. Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region, done November 24, 1986, entered into force August 22, 1990.
30. Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of the South Pacific Region by Dumping, done November 24, 1986, entered into force August 22, 1990.
31. The Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft, done February 15, 1972, entered into force April 7, 1974, U.N. Doc. A/AC.138/SC.III/L.9, 1972.
32. Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.62/C.3/L.1 (1974).
33. Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, XIth Special Consultative Meeting in Madrid, Doc. XI ATSCM/2, done June 21, 1991, adopted October 4, 1991, entered in force January 14, 1998.
34. Annex I to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty: Environmental Impact Assessment, XI ATSCM/2, 21 June 1991.
35. Annex II to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty: Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, XI ATSCM/2, 21 June 1991.
36. Annex III to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty: Waste Disposal and Waste Management, XI ATSCM/2, 21 June 1991.
37. Annex IV to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty: Prevention of Marine Pollution, XI ATSCM/2, 21 June 1991.
38. Annex to Recommendation XVI: Annex V to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty: Area and Management, in Antarctic Treaty, Final Report of the 16th Antarctic Consultative Meeting 116-125 (7-18 October 1991).
39. The Arctic Council Homepage at: 〈http://arctic-council.usgs.gov〉 (visited on 25 July 1999).
40. Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, United Nations, Doc. A/CONF. 48/14, 1972.
41. Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, done at Geneva April 29, 1958, 15 UST. 471, TIAS 5578, 499 UNTS 205, Article 27.
42. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, done May 12, 1954, entered into force July 26, 1958. 12 UST 2989; TIAS 4900; 327 UNTS 3.
43. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, done Nov. 2, 1973. IMCO Doc MP/CPNF.WP.35/ (1973) and Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, done February 17, 1978, entered into force October 2, 1983. IMCO Doc. TSPP/CONF/11 (1978).
44. See International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, Annex I: Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Oil, IMCO Doc. MP/CONF/WP.21, 1973.
45. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, Annex II: Regulations for the control of noxious liquid substances in bulk, IMCO Doc. MP/CONF/WP.21/Add 1, 1973. By late 1999, 106 states with a combined tonnage of 94.01% had contracted to this annex.
46. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, Annex III: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Forms, or in Freight Containers, Portable Tanks or Road and Rail Tank Wagons, IMCO Doc. MP/CONF/WP.21/Add. 2, 1973. By late 1999, 89 states with a combined tonnage of 79.61% had contracted to this annex.
47. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, Annex IV: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships, IMCO Doc. MP/CONF/WP.21/Add. 3 (1973). In late 1999, only 73 states with a combined tonnage of 43.11% had acceded to this annex.
48. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, Annex V: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution of Garbage from Ships, IMCO Doc. MP/CONF/WP.21/Add. 4 (1973) entered into force December 31, 1988). By late 1999, 91 states with a combined tonnage of 82.63% had contracted to this annex.
49. Annex VI, Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships, (Annex VI) in IMO Doc. MP/CONF.3/34 and Doc. MP/CONF.3/33/Rev. 1.
50. Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, done December 29, 1972, 26 UST 2403, TIAS 8165, 1046 UNTS 120 (entered into force August 30, 1975).
51. Protocol amending the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972 (London Convention). See IMO Doc. A/52/487, paras. 288-95.
52. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, with annex, done November 1, 1974, entered into force May 25, 1980, 32 UST 47; TIAS 9700. This instrument replaced an earlier convention from 1960.
53. International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, done April 5, 1966, entered into force July 21, 1968. 18 UST 1857, TIAS 6331, 640 UNTS 133.
54. Pedros-Santo VM. The case for harmonization of (polar) ship rules. ILE Tech, 1994, p. 1-8
55. Brigham LW. Commentary: an international polar navigation code for the twenty-first century. Polar Record 1997;33(187):283-4.