Could a common biochemical mechanism underlie addictions?

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 11-20

  Betz, C ^a   Mihalic, D ^a   Pinto, M E ^a   Raffa, Robert B ^a  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PHARMACY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; AMPHETAMINE; CAFFEINE; CANNABINOID; CLONIDINE; CODEINE; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; METHYLPHENIDATE; MORPHINE; MU OPIATE RECEPTOR; NALOXONE; NALTREXONE; NICOTINE; OPIATE; SOLVENT;

ALCOHOLISM; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DOPAMINERGIC TRANSMISSION; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG DESIGN; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NONHUMAN; OPIATE ADDICTION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; REWARD;

ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DOPAMINE; HUMANS; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE; RECEPTORS, OPIOID, MU; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 0034103452     PISSN: 02694727     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.2000.00260.x     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. 1. Levitt P. (1998) Prenatal effects of drags of abuse on brain development. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 109-125.
2. 2. Koob GF. (1997) Neurochemical explanations for addiction. Hospital Practice, April (Special Report), 12-14.
3. 3. Self DW. (1997) Neurobiological adaptations to drug use. Hospital Practice, April (Special Report), 5-9.
4. 4. Ahmed SH, Koob GF. (1998) Transition from moderate to excessive drug intake: change in hedonic set point. Science, 282, 298-300.
5. 5. O'Brien CP. (1997) A physician's approach to treating addiction. Hospital Practice, April (Special Report), 29-33.
6. 6. O'Brien CP. (1997) A range of research-based pharmacotherapies for addiction. Science, 278, 66-70.
7. 7. Leshner AI. (1997) Drug abuse and addiction are biomedical problems. Hospital Practice, April (Special Report), 2-4.
8. 8. Leshner AI. (1997) Addiction is a brain disease, and it matters. Science, 278, 45-46.
9. 9. Daly JW, Fredholm BB. (1998) Caffeine - an atypical drug of dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 199-206.
10. 10. Perrine DM. (1996) The Chemistry of Mind-Altering Drugs: History, Pharmacology, and Cultural Context. Washington DC: American Chemical Society Books.
11. 11. Masters SB, Lee NM. (1998) The alcohols. In: Katzung BG, ed. Basic Clinical Pharmacology. 7th edn. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 372-385.
12. 12. Kosten TR, Hollister LE. (1998) Drugs of Abuse. In: Katzung BG, ed. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 7th edn. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 516-531.
13. 13. Jones RT. (1979) Dependence in non-addict humans after a single dose of morphine. In: Way EL, ed. Endogenous and Exogenous Opioid Agonists and Antagonists. New York: Pergamon Press, 557-560.
14. 14. Melzack R. (1990) The tragedy of needless pain. Scientific American, 262, 27-33.
15. 15. Crabbe JC, Phillips TJ. (1998) Genetics of alcohol and other abused drugs. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 61-71.
16. 16. Noble EP. (1996) The gene that rewards alcoholism. Scientific American: Science & Medicine, 3, 52-61.
17. 17. Koob GF. (1992) Drugs of abuse: anatomy, pharmacology and function of reward pathways. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 13, 177-184.
18. 18. Altman J. (1996) A biological view of drug abuse. Molecular Medicine Today, 2, 237-241.
19. 19. Nash JM. (1997) Addicted. TIME, May 5, 69-76.
20. 20. Di Chiara G, Imperato A. (1998) Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 85, 5274-5278.
21. 21. Imperato A, Mulas A, Di Chiara G. (1986) Nicotine preferentially stimulates dopamine release in the limbic system of freely moving rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 132, 337-338.
22. 22. Benwell ME, Balfour DJ, Khadra LF. (1994) Studies on the influence of nicotine infusions on mesolimbic dopamine and locomotor responses to nicotine. Clinical Investigation, 72, 233-239.
23. 23. Pontieri FE, Tanda G, Orzi F, Di Chiara G. (1996) Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drug. Nature, 382, 255-257.
24. 24. Corrigall WA, Franklin KB, Coen KM, Clarke PB. (1992) The mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Psychopharmacology, 107, 285-289.
25. 25. Nutt DJ. (1996) Addiction: brain mechanisms and their treatment implications. Lancet, 347, 31-36.
26. 26. Gawin FH. (1991) Cocaine addiction: psychology and neurophysiology. Science, 251, 1580-1586.
27. 27. Akil H, Owens C, Gutstein H, Taylor L, Curran E, Watson S. (1998) Endogenous opioids: overview and current issues. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 127-140.
28. 28. Gatley SJ, Volkow ND. (1998) Addiction and imaging of the living human brain. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 97-108.
29. 29. Simantov R. (1993) Chronic morphine alters dopamine transporter density in the rat braIn possible role in the mechanism of drug addiction. Neuroscience Letters, 163, 121-124.
30. 1 opioid receptor mechanism. Science, 276, 2048-2050.
31. 31. Karch SB. (1996) The Pathology of Drug Abuse. 2nd edn. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1.
32. 32. Amara SG, Sonders MS. (1998) Neurotransmitter transporters as molecular targets for addictive drugs. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 87-96.
33. 33. Giros B, Jaber M, Jones SR, Wightman RM, Caron MG. (1996) Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. Nature, 379, 606-612.
34. 3H-norepinephrine in slices of rat neostriatum and cerebral cortex. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 194, 47-56.
35. 35. de Wit H, Wise RA. (1977) Blockade of cocaine reinforcement in rats with the dopamine receptor blocker pimozide but not with the noradrenergic blockers phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 31, 195-203.
36. 36. Lacosta S, Roberts DCS. (1993) MDL 72222, ketanserin, and methysergide pretreatments fail to alter breaking points on a progressive ratio schedule reinforced by intravenous cocaine. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 44, 161-165.
37. 37. Mihic SJYeQ, Wick MJ, Koltchine W, et al. (1997) Sites of alcohol and volatile anaesthetic action on GABAA and glycine receptors. Nature, 389, 385-389.
38. 38. Gordis E. (1998) The neurobiology of alcohol abuse and alcoholism: building knowledge, creating hope. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 9-11.
39. 39. Harris RA, Mihic SJ, Valenzuela CF. (1998) Alcohol and benzodiazepines: recent mechanistic studies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 155-164.
40. 40. Devane WA, Dysarz FA, Johnson MR, Melvin LS, Hewlett AC. (1988) Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain. Molecular Pharmacology, 34, 605-613.
41. 41. Devane WA, Hanus L, Breuer A, et al. (1992) Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science, 258, 1946-1949.
42. 42. Matsuda LA, Lolait SJ, Brownstein MJ, Young AL, Bonner TI. (1990) Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature, 346, 561-564.
43. 43. Pertwee RG. (1997) Pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 74, 129-180.
44. 44. Balster RL. (1998) Neural basis of inhalant abuse. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 207-214.
45. 45. Snyder SH, Katims JJ, Annau A, Bruns RF, Daly JW. (1981) Adenosine receptors and the behavioral actions of methylxanthines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 78, 3260-3264.
46. 46. Marks MJ, Stitzel JA, Romm E, Wehner JM, Collins AC. (1986) Nicotinic binding sites in rat and mouse brain comparison of acetylcholine, nicotine, and α-bungarotoxin. Molecular Pharmacology, 30, 427-436.
47. 47. Jorenby DE. (1997) Effects of nicotine on the central nervous system. Hospital Practice, April (Special Report), 17-20.
48. 2 dopamine antagonists on cocaine self-administration in the rat. Psychopharmacology, 105, 151-156.
49. 49. Wise RA. (1998) Drug activation of brain reward pathways. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 13-22.
50. 50. Picciotto MR. (1998) Common aspects of the action of nicotine and other drugs of abuse. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 165-172.
51. 51. Volpicelli JR, Alterman AI, Hayashida M, O'Brien CP. (1992) Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 876-880.
52. 52. Wise RA. (1988) The neurobiology of craving: implications for understanding and treatment of addiction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 118-132.
53. 53. Olds J, Milner PM. (1954) Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology, 47, 419-427.
54. 54. Wise RA. (1980) Action of drugs of abuse on brain reward systems. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 13(Suppl. 1), 213-223.
55. 55. Wise RA. (1996) Addictive drugs and brain stimulation reward. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 19, 319-340.
56. 56. Roberts DCS, Corcoran ME, Fibiger HC. (1977) On the role of ascending catecholaminergic systems in intravenous self-administration of cocaine. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 6, 615-620.
57. 57. Roberts DCS, Koob GF, Klonoff P, Fibiger HC. (1980) Extinction and recovery of cocaine self-administration following 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 12, 781-787.
58. 58. Lyness WH, Friedle NM, Moore KE. (1979) Destruction of dopaminergic nerve terminals in nucleus accumbens. effect on D-amphetamine self-administration. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 11, 553-556.
59. 59. Hoebel BG, Monaco AP, Hernandez L, Aulisi EF, Stanley BG, Lenard L. (1983) Self-injection of amphetamine directly into the brain. Psychopharmacology, 81, 158-163.
60. 60. Yokel RA, Wise RA. (1975) Increased lever-pressing for amphetamine after pimozide in rats, implications for a dopamine theory of reward. Science, 187, 547-549.
61. 61. Dworkin SI, Goeders NE, Smith JE. (1986) The reinforcing and rate effects of intracranial dopamine administration. NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse). Research Monographs, 67, 242-248.
62. 62. Carlezon WA Jr, Devine DP, Wise RA. (1995) Habit-forming actions of nomifensine in nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology, 122, 194-197.
63. 63. Devine DP, Leone P, Pocock D, Wise RA. (1993) Differential involvement of ventral tegmental mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors in modulation of basal mesolimbic dopamine release: in vivo microdialysis studies. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 266, 1236-1246.
64. 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on potassium-evoked release of dopamine in the rat caudate nucleus: an in vivo electrochemical and in vivo dialysis study. Brain Research, 451, 59-68.
65. 65. Russell MAH. (1976) What is dependence? In: Edwards G, Russell MAH, Hawks D, MacCafferty M, eds. Drugs and Drug Dependence. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 182-187.
66. 66. Kreek MJ, Koob GF. (1998) Drug dependence: stress and dysregulation of brain reward pathways. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 23-47.
67. 67. Koob GF, Le Moal M (1997) Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation. Science, 278, 52-58.
68. 68. Seif DW, Nestier EJ. (1998) Relapse to drug-seeking: neural and molecular mechanisms. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 49-60.
69. 69. Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. (1999) Drug addiction: bad habits add up. Nature, 398, 567-570.
70. 70. Balter M. (1996) New clues to brain dopamine control, cocaine addiction. Science, 271, 909.
71. 71. Sora I, Wichems C, Takahashi N, et al (1998) Cocaine reward models: conditioned place preference can be established in dopamine-and in serotonin-transporter knockout mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 95, 7699-7704.
72. 72. Takahashi N, Miner LL, Sora I, et al. (1997) VMAT 2 knockout mice: heterozygotes display reduced amphetamine-conditioned reward, enhanced amphetamine locomotion, and enhanced MPTP toxicity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 94, 9938-9943.
73. 73. Caron MG. (1997) Knockout of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 gene results in neonatal death and supersensitivity to cocaine and amphetamine. Neuron, 19, 1285-1296.
74. 74. Rocha BA, Fumagalli F, Gainetdinov RR, et al. (1998) Cocaine self-administration in dopamine-transporter knockout mice. Nature Neuroscience, 1, 132-137.
75. 75. Jones SR, Gainetdinov RR, Wightman RM, Caron MG. (1998) Mechanisms of amphetamine action revealed in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 1979-1986.
76. 76. Pich EM, Epping-Jordan MP. (1998) Transgenic mice in drug dependence research. Annals of Medicine, 30, 390-396.
77. 77. Uhl GR, Vandenbergh DJ, Miner LL. (1996) Knockout mice and dirty drugs. Current Biology, 6, 935-936.
78. 78. Drago J, Padungchaichot P, Accili D, Fuchs S. (1998) Dopamine receptors and dopamine transporter in brain function and addictive behaviors: insights from targeted mouse mutants. Developmental Neuroscience, 20, 188-203.
79. 79. Volkow ND. (1997) The role of the dopamine system in addiction. Hospital Practice, April (Special Report), 22-26.
80. 80. Garris PA, Kilpatrick M, Bunin MA, Michael D, Walker QD, Wightman RM. (1999) Dissociation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens from intracranial self-stimulation. Nature, 398, 67-69.
81. 81. Mirenowicz J, Schultz W. (1996) Preferential activation of midbrain dopamine neurons by appetitive rather than aversive stimuli. Nature, 379, 449-451.
82. 82. Sora I, Li X-F, Kinsey S, et al. (1998) Dopamine/opiate interactions: cocaine conditioned place preference and morphine locomotor enhancements decrease in mu opiate receptor knockout mice. NIDA Research Monograph 179. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 120, 138.
83. 83. Nestler EJ, Aghajanian GK. (1997) Molecular and cellular basis of addiction. Science, 278, 58-63.
84. 84. Spanagel R, Zieglgänsberger W. (1997) Anti-craving compounds for ethanol: new pharmacological tools to study addictive processes. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 18, 54-59.
85. 85. Litten RZ, Allen JP. (1999) Medications for alcohol, illicit drug, and tobacco dependence: an update of research findings. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16, 105-112.
86. 86. O'Malley SS. (1996) Opioid antagonists in the treatment of alcohol dependence: clinical efficacy and prevention of relapse. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 1, 77-81.
87. 87. Warner EA, Kosten TR, O'Connor PG. (1997) Pharmacotherapy for opioid and cocaine abuse. Medical Clinics of North America, 81, 909-925.
88. 88. Hartmann PM. (1997) Naltrexone in alcohol dependence. American Family Physician, 55, 1877-1879.
89. 89. Weinrieb RM, O'Brien CF. (1997) Naltrexone in the treatment of alcoholism. Annual Review of Medicine, 48, 477-487.
90. 90. Herz A. (1998) Opioid reward mechanisms: a key role in drug abuse? Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 76, 252-258.
91. 91. Kleven MS, Woolverton WL. (1993) Effects of three monoamine uptake inhibitors on behavior maintained by cocaine or food presentation in rhesus monkeys. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 31, 149-158.
92. 92. Spealman RD. (1993) Modification of behavioral effects of cocaine by selective serotonin and dopamine uptake inhibitors in squirrel monkeys. Psychopharmacology, 112, 93-99.
93. 93. Walsh SL, Preston KL, Sullivan JT, Fromme R, Bigelow GE. (1994) Fluoxetine alters the effects of intravenous cocaine in humans. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 14, 396-407.