The white town of Calcutta under the rule of the East India Company

Modern Asian Studies

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 307-331

  Marshall, P J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLONIALISM; CULTURAL INFLUENCE; EUROPEAN IMMIGRANT; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE;

INDIA;

EID: 0034103151     PISSN: 0026749X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0026749X00003346     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. For recent discussions, see the essays in V. C. Joshi (ed.), Rammohun Roy and the Process of Modernization in India (New Delhi, 1975); B. De, 'A Historiographical Critique of Renaissance Analogues', Perspectives in Social Science (Calcutta, 1977-), I.
2. For recent discussions, see the essays in V. C. Joshi (ed.), Rammohun Roy and the Process of Modernization in India (New Delhi, 1975); B. De, 'A Historiographical Critique of Renaissance Analogues', Perspectives in Social Science (Calcutta, 1977-), I.
3. Europe Reconsidered: Perceptions of the West in Nineteenth-century Bengal (New Delhi, 1988), p. 3.
4. Eg. Rosane Rocher, Orientalum, Poetry and the Millennium: the Checkered Life of Nathaniel Brassey Halhed (New Delhi, 1983); Garland H. Cannon, The Life and Mind of Oriental Jones (Cambridge, 1990); O. J. Kejariwal, The Asiatic Society of Bengal and the Discovery of India's Past (New Delhi, 1988).
5. Eg. Rosane Rocher, Orientalum, Poetry and the Millennium: the Checkered Life of Nathaniel Brassey Halhed (New Delhi, 1983); Garland H. Cannon, The Life and Mind of Oriental Jones (Cambridge, 1990); O. J. Kejariwal, The Asiatic Society of Bengal and the Discovery of India's Past (New Delhi, 1988).
6. Eg. Rosane Rocher, Orientalum, Poetry and the Millennium: the Checkered Life of Nathaniel Brassey Halhed (New Delhi, 1983); Garland H. Cannon, The Life and Mind of Oriental Jones (Cambridge, 1990); O. J. Kejariwal, The Asiatic Society of Bengal and the Discovery of India's Past (New Delhi, 1988).
7. Eg. Daniel Potts, British Baptist Missionaries in India (Oxford, 1967).
8. David Kopf, British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance (Berkeley, 1969).
9. For 1837 and 1850, see 'Growth of Calcutta', Census of India 1951, VI, pt iii, 2; for 1866, see A. M. Dowleans, Report on the Census of Calcutta (Calcutta, 1866), pp. 12-22.
10. For 1837 and 1850, see 'Growth of Calcutta', Census of India 1951, VI, pt iii, 2; for 1866, see A. M. Dowleans, Report on the Census of Calcutta (Calcutta, 1866), pp. 12-22.
11. Ibid., p. 19.
12. Selections from the Calcutta Gazettes of the Years 1789-1797 (Calcutta, 1865), pp. 417-19.
13. O[riental and] I[ndia] O[fffice] C[ollections], Eur MS G/37/18, no. 9.
14. J. H. Stocqueler, The Hand-Book of India (London, 1844), pp. 212, 346.
15. Discussed in B. B. Kling, Partner in Empire: Dwarkanath Tagore and the Age of Enterprise in Eastern India (Berkeley, 1976).
16. Parliamentary Papers 1863, XIX, i, 101.
17. S. C. Ghosh, The Social Condition of the British Community in Bengal 1757-1800 (Leiden, 1970), pp. 58-61.
18. Parliamentary Papers, 1863, XIX, i, 101.
19. Dowleans, Report on Census of Calcutta, p. 15.
20. 'An Old Resident', Real Life in India (London, 1847), p. 144.
21. Alexander Hamilton, A New Account of the East Indies, 2 vols (London, 1930), II, 7.
22. OIOC, Letters of 25 January 1730, 3 December 1731, E/3/104, p. 674, E/3/ 105, P. 337.
23. Calcutta Gazettes 1789-97, p. 399.
24. There is much material on this period in Ghosh, The Social Condition of the British Community in Bengal.
25. Cited J. P. Losty, Calcutta City of Palaces (London, 1990), p. 88.
26. Stocqueler, Hand-Book, p. 266. For a list of public buildings in 1850, see F. W. Simms, Report on the Survey of Calcutta 1850 (Calcutta, 1851), p. 34.
27. Stocqueler, Hand-Book, p. 266. For a list of public buildings in 1850, see F. W. Simms, Report on the Survey of Calcutta 1850 (Calcutta, 1851), p. 34.
28. Hamilton, New Account, II, 6.
29. OIOC, Bengal to Directors, 27 November 1716, E/4/2, p. 84.
30. OIOC, Bengal Revenue Consultations, 26 November 1784, P/50/55, pp. 222-3.
31. W. K. Firminger, 'Materials for the History of Calcutta Streets and Houses 1780-1834', Bengal Past and Present, XIV (1917), 8.
32. P. Sinha, Calcutta in Urban History (Calcutta, 1978), pp. 140-59.
33. Stocqueler, Hand-Book, p. 246.
34. W. Hodges, Travels in India (London, 1793), p. 15.
35. L. S. Sutherland, 'A Letter from John Stewart', The Indian Archives, X (1956), 5.
36. Mitchell Library, Glasgow, George Bogle to Elizabeth Bogle, 29 August 1770, Bogle MSS, 7.
37. Sinha, Calcutta in Urban History, pp. 37-44.
38. Cited Census of India, 1951, VI, pt iii, 9.
39. Letters from the Island of Teneriffe, Brazil, the Cape of Good Hope and the East Indies (London, 1777), pp. 273-4.
40. Le Voyage en Inde du comte de Modave, ed. J. Deloche (Paris, 1971), p. 78.
41. Census of India, 1951, VI, pt iii, 13-15.
42. OIOC, Bengal Public Consultations, 9 June 1777, P/2/19, pp. 46off.
43. J. R. Martin, Notes on the Medical Topography of Calcutta (Calcutta, 1837); F. P. Strong, Extracts of the Topography and Vital Statistics of Calcutta (Calcutta, 1848).
44. J. R. Martin, Notes on the Medical Topography of Calcutta (Calcutta, 1837); F. P. Strong, Extracts of the Topography and Vital Statistics of Calcutta (Calcutta, 1848).
45. Dowleans Report on Census of Calcutta, pp. 28-9.
46. Stocqueler, Hand-Book, p. 256.
47. H. B. Hyde, Parochial Annals of Bengal (Calcutta, 1901).
48. A Report of a Meeting of the Inhabitants . . . on the 5th January 1835 (Calcutta, 1835); Sinha, Calcutta in Urban History, pp. 216-18.
49. A Report of a Meeting of the Inhabitants . . . on the 5th January 1835 (Calcutta, 1835); Sinha, Calcutta in Urban History, pp. 216-18.
50. Stocqueler, Hand-Book, p. 315.
51. Glimpses of Old Calcutta, ed. R. R. Choudhury (Calcutta, 1978), p. 39.
52. The phrase is Paul Langford's, see Public Life and the Propertied Englishman 1689-1798 (Oxford, 1991), pp. 492-3.
53. There is a list of charitable institutions in 1850 in Simms, Report of the Survey, p. 40. Much information about them can be derived from the directories, almanacs or registers for Calcutta, which were published annually from early in the nineteenth century.
54. Asiatick Researches, I (1789), iv-v.
55. Selections from the Indian Journals, II, The Calcutta Journal (Calcutta, 1965), p. 210.
56. Stocqueler, Hand-Book, p. 309.
57. Graham Shaw, Printing in Calcutta to 1800 (London, 1981), p. 23.
58. G. W. Johnson, The Stranger in India 2 vols (London, 1843), I, 59.
59. Glimpses of Old Calcutta, pp. 8-9.
60. Emma Roberts, Scenes and Characteristics of Hindostan, 3 vols (London, 1835), III, 8-12.
61. Glimpses of Old Calcutta, p. 5.
62. Shaw, Printing in Calcutta, p. 3.
63. Scott and Company's Bengal Directory 1852 (Calcutta, 1852), pp. 374-7.
64. Shaw, Printing in Calcutta, p. 4.
65. James Sutherland's evidence, 16 March 1832, Parliamentary Papers, 1831-2, IX, 121-2.
66. P. Borsay, The English Urban Renaissance 1660-1760 (Oxford, 1989), p. 117.
67. Ibid., p. 151.
68. Letters of Eliza Fay, ed. E. M. Forster (London, 1925), p. 192.
69. Selections from the Calcutta Gazettes 1784-8, ed. W. S. Seton-Karr (Calcutta, 1864), pp. 54-6, 203.
70. Raymond Head, 'Corelli in Calcutta', Early Music, XIII (1985), 549-52.
71. Calcutta Gazettes 1784-8, pp. 179-80.
72. Calcutta Gazetta 1789-97, pp. 468-71.
73. Glimpses of Old Calcutta, p. 13.
74. Sushil Mukherjee, The Story of the Calcutta Theatres (Calcutta, 1982).
75. Glimpses of Old Calcutta, p. 42.
76. Stocqueler, Hand-Book, p. 308.
77. Sir William Foster, 'British Artists in India', The Walpole Society, XIX (1931); M. Archer, India and British Portraiture 1770-1825 (London, 1979).
78. Sir William Foster, 'British Artists in India', The Walpole Society, XIX (1931); M. Archer, India and British Portraiture 1770-1825 (London, 1979).
79. M. Archer and T. Falk, India Revealed: The Arts and Adventures of James and William Fraser 1801-35. (London, 1989); M. Archer and R. Lightbown, India Observed. (London, 1982).
80. M. Archer and T. Falk, India Revealed: The Arts and Adventures of James and William Fraser 1801-35. (London, 1989); M. Archer and R. Lightbown, India Observed. (London, 1982).
81. Memoirs of William Hickey, ed. A. Spencer, 4 vols (London, 1913-25), III, 357-8
82. The Life and Times of Mrs Sherwood, ed. F. J. Harvey Darton (London, 1910), pp. 358-9.
83. 'English Women in Hindustan', Calcutta Review, IV (1845), 104-7, 120; 'Married Life in India', ibid., 411-13.
84. 'English Women in Hindustan', Calcutta Review, IV (1845), 104-7, 120; 'Married Life in India', ibid., 411-13.
85. E. W. Madge, 'The Sans Souci and its Star', reprinted in Bengal Past and Present, CIX (1990), 104-5.
86. F. K. Prochaska, Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-century England (Oxford, 1980).
87. The Letters of Thomas Babington Macaulay, ed. T. Pinney, 6 vols (Cambridge, 1974-81), III, 162.
88. Mukherjee, Calcutta Theatres, pp. 13-15.
89. Glimpses of Old Calcutta, pp. 43-4.
90. Cited M. Barns, The Indian Press (London, 1940), pp. 182-3.
91. See list of associations in Sinha, Calcutta in Urban History, pp. 235-8.
92. S. R. Mehrotra, The Emergence of the Indian National Congress (Delhi, 1971), ch. i.