An extended Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS-E) with enhanced sensitivity to mild brain injury

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Volumn 81, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 614-617

  Nell, Victor ^a,c   Yates, David W ^b   Kruger, Johan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c Inst for Social and Health Sciences   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Developing countries; Glasgow Coma Scale; Mild traumatic brain injury; Posttraumatic amnesia; Rehabilitation

Indexed keywords

AMNESIA; ARTICLE; BRAIN INJURY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HUMAN; SCORING SYSTEM; SOUTH AFRICA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0034102468     PISSN: 00039993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/mr.2000.3877     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 1974;2:81-4.
2. Marion DW, Carlier PM. Problems with initial Glasgow Coma Scale assessment caused by prehospital treatment of patients with head injuries: results of the national survey. J Trauma 1994;36: 89-95.
3. Richardson JTE. Clinical and neuropsychological aspects of closed head injury. London: Taylor and Francis; 1990.
4. Jennett B. Some international comparisons. In: Levin HS, Eisenburg HM, Benton AL, editors. Mild head injury. New York: Oxford; 1989. p. 23-34.
5. Romer CJ, von Holst H, Gururaj G, Kraus J, Nell V, Nygren A, et al. Prevention, critical care and rehabilitation of neurotrauma: perspectives and future strategies. Stockholm: World Health Organization Collaborating Centres for Neurotrauma, Karolinska Institute; 1995.
6. Benton AL. Historical notes on the concussion syndrome. In: Levin HS, Eisenburg HM, Benton AL, editors. Mild head injury. New York: Oxford; 1989. p. 3-7.
7. Blakely TA, Harrington DE. Mild head injury is not always mild: implications for damage litigation. Med Sci Law 1993;33:231-42.
8. Leininger BE, Gramling SE, Farell AD, Kreitzer JS, Peck EA. Neuropsychological deficits in symptomatic minor head injury patients after concussion and mild concussion. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990;53:293-6.
9. Marshall LF, Ruff RM. Neurosurgeon as victim. In: Levin HS, Eisenburg HM, Benton AL. editors. Mild head injury. New York: Oxford; 1989. p. 276-80.
10. Forrester G, Encel J, Geffen G. Measuring post-traumatic amnesia (PTA): an historical review. Brain Inj 1994;8:175-84.
11. Nell V. Glasgow Coma Scale-Extended (GCS-E): administration, scoring, and training manual. Technical Report 97/2. Pretoria: University of South Africa Health Psychology Unit; 1997.
12. Wilson BA, Baddeley A, Shiel A, Patton G. How does posttraumatic amnesia differ from the amnesic syndrome and chronic memory impairment? Neuropsychol Rehabil 1992;2:231-43.
13. Norušis MJ. SPSS for Windows: base system user's guide (release 6.0). Chicago: SPSS; 1993.
14. American Academy of Neurology (Quality Standards Subcommittee). The management of concussion in sports (practice parameter). Neurology 1997;48:581-5.
15. Mittenberg W, Zielinski R, Fichera S. Recovery from mild head injury: A treatment manual for patients. Psychother Private Pract 1993;12:37-52.
16. Thurman DJ, Kraus JF, Romer CJ. World Health Organization Standards for the Surveillance of Neurotrauma. Stockholm: Karolinska Institute; 1995.