메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 68, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 450-457

Disability outcome measures in therapeutic trials of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Effects of heterogeneity of disease course in placebo cohorts

Author keywords

Disability outcome measures; Multiple sclerosis; Treatment trials

Indexed keywords

BETA1A INTERFERON; GLATIRAMER; PLACEBO;

EID: 0034101317     PISSN: 00223050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.68.4.450     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (77)

References (39)
  • 1
    • 0027418515 scopus 로고
    • Interferon β-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon β-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1993;43:655-61.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 655-661
  • 2
    • 0029082566 scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA, et al. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1995;45:1268-76.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1268-1276
    • Johnson, K.P.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 3
    • 0008678962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular interferon β-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Jacobs LD, Cookfair DL, Rudick RA, et al. Intramuscular interferon β-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1996;39:285-94.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 285-294
    • Jacobs, L.D.1    Cookfair, D.L.2    Rudick, R.A.3
  • 4
    • 0031057970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised placebo-controlled trial of monthly intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Fazekas F, Deisenhammer F, Strasser-Fuchs S, et al. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of monthly intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1997;349:589-93.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 589-593
    • Fazekas, F.1    Deisenhammer, F.2    Strasser-Fuchs, S.3
  • 5
    • 0345601517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon β-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis
    • PRISMS Study Group. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon β-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998;352:1498-504.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1498-1504
  • 6
    • 0029279166 scopus 로고
    • Outcomes assessment in multiple sclerosis clinical trials: A critical analysis
    • Whitaker JN, McFarland HF, Rudge P, et al. Outcomes assessment in multiple sclerosis clinical trials: a critical analysis. Multiple Sclerosis 1995;1:37-47.
    • (1995) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.1 , pp. 37-47
    • Whitaker, J.N.1    McFarland, H.F.2    Rudge, P.3
  • 8
    • 0032995935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing relapses in treatment trials of relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: Can we do better?
    • Liu C, Blumhardt LD. Assessing relapses in treatment trials of relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: can we do better? Multiple Sclerosis 1999;5:22-8.
    • (1999) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.5 , pp. 22-28
    • Liu, C.1    Blumhardt, L.D.2
  • 9
    • 0024504359 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study. 1. Clinical course and disability
    • Weinshenker BG, Bass B, Rice GPA, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 1. Clinical course and disability. Brain 1989;112:133-46.
    • (1989) Brain , vol.112 , pp. 133-146
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    Bass, B.2    Rice, G.P.A.3
  • 10
    • 0027537209 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors in a multiple sclerosis incidence cohort with 25 years of follow-up
    • Runmarker B, Andersen O. Prognostic factors in a multiple sclerosis incidence cohort with 25 years of follow-up. Brain 1993;116:117-34.
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 117-134
    • Runmarker, B.1    Andersen, O.2
  • 11
    • 0344832127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are placebo-controlled clinical trials still ethical in multiple sclerosis?
    • Thompson AJ, Polman C, Hohlfeld R, eds. London: Martin Dunitz
    • Noseworthy JH. Are placebo-controlled clinical trials still ethical in multiple sclerosis? In: Thompson AJ, Polman C, Hohlfeld R, eds. Multiple sclerosis: clinical challenges and controversies. London: Martin Dunitz, 1997:177-93.
    • (1997) Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Challenges and Controversies , pp. 177-193
    • Noseworthy, J.H.1
  • 12
    • 0031675392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferons in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Do they prevent the progression of the disease?
    • Rice G, Ebers G. Interferons in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Do they prevent the progression of the disease? Arch Neurol 1998;55:1578-80.
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 1578-1580
    • Rice, G.1    Ebers, G.2
  • 13
    • 0029161628 scopus 로고
    • Interferon β-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Final outcome of the randomized controlled trial
    • The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and the University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. Interferon β-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. Neurology 1995;45:1277-85.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1277-1285
  • 14
    • 8544249096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of interferon β-1a on neurologic disability in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Rudick RA, Goodkin DE, Jacobs LD, et al. Impact of interferon β-1a on neurologic disability in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1997;49:358-63.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 358-363
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Goodkin, D.E.2    Jacobs, L.D.3
  • 15
    • 0021035886 scopus 로고
    • Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)
    • Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983;33:1444-52.
    • (1983) Neurology , vol.33 , pp. 1444-1452
    • Kurtzke, J.F.1
  • 16
    • 0031747230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary measure statistic for assessing the outcome of treatment trials in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Liu C, Li Wan Po A, Blumhardt LD. Summary measure statistic for assessing the outcome of treatment trials in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:726-9.
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 726-729
    • Liu, C.1    Li Wan Po, A.2    Blumhardt, L.D.3
  • 17
    • 0025728367 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study. 4. Applications to planning and interpretation of clinical therapeutic trials
    • Weinshenker BG, Rice GPA, Noseworthy JH, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 4. Applications to planning and interpretation of clinical therapeutic trials. Brain 1991;114:1057-67.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 1057-1067
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    Rice, G.P.A.2    Noseworthy, J.H.3
  • 18
    • 0028270611 scopus 로고
    • Design strategies in multiple sclerosis clinical trials
    • Ellison GW, Myers LW, Leake BD, et al. Design strategies in multiple sclerosis clinical trials. Ann Neurol 1994;36:S108-12.
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.36
    • Ellison, G.W.1    Myers, L.W.2    Leake, B.D.3
  • 19
    • 0030813139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical outcome measures and rating scales in multiple sclerosis trials
    • Wingerchuk DM, Noseworthy JH, Weinshenker BG. Clinical outcome measures and rating scales in multiple sclerosis trials. Mayo Clin Proc 1997;72:1070-9.
    • (1997) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.72 , pp. 1070-1079
    • Wingerchuk, D.M.1    Noseworthy, J.H.2    Weinshenker, B.G.3
  • 20
    • 0024796845 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study. 2. Predictive value of the early clinical course
    • Weinshenker BG, Bass B, Rice GPA, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 2. Predictive value of the early clinical course. Brain 1989;112:1419-28.
    • (1989) Brain , vol.112 , pp. 1419-1428
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    Bass, B.2    Rice, G.P.A.3
  • 21
    • 85046517932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reply to correspondence by Simonian NA, McAllister A, Hull J. Summary measure statistic for assessing the outcome of treatment trials in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Liu C, Blumhardt LD, Li Wan Po A. Reply to correspondence by Simonian NA, McAllister A, Hull J. Summary measure statistic for assessing the outcome of treatment trials in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;66:553-4.
    • (1999) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 553-554
    • Liu, C.1    Blumhardt, L.D.2    Li Wan Po, A.3
  • 22
    • 0029902571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of the placebo-treated groups in clinical trials of progressive MS
    • Weinshenker BG, Issa M, Baskerville J. Meta-analysis of the placebo-treated groups in clinical trials of progressive MS. Neurology 1996:46:1613-19.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1613-1619
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    Issa, M.2    Baskerville, J.3
  • 23
    • 0032494783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon β therapy for multiple sclerosis
    • Goodkin DE. Interferon β therapy for multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998;352:1486-7.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1486-1487
    • Goodkin, D.E.1
  • 24
    • 0001113985 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the natural history of disseminated sclerosis
    • McAlpine D, Compston N. Some aspects of the natural history of disseminated sclerosis. Q J Med 1952;82:135-67.
    • (1952) Q J Med , vol.82 , pp. 135-167
    • McAlpine, D.1    Compston, N.2
  • 25
    • 0029873865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term and short-term outcome of multiple sclerosis. A 3 year follow up study
    • Weinshenker BG, Issa M, Baskerville J. Long-term and short-term outcome of multiple sclerosis. A 3 year follow up study. Arch Neurol 1996;53:353-8.
    • (1996) Arch Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 353-358
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    Issa, M.2    Baskerville, J.3
  • 26
    • 0024431267 scopus 로고
    • Exacerbation rates and adherence to disease type with a prospectively followed-up population with multiple sclerosis. Implications for clinical trials
    • Goodkin DE, Hertsgaard D, Rudick RA. Exacerbation rates and adherence to disease type with a prospectively followed-up population with multiple sclerosis. Implications for clinical trials. Arch Neurol 1989;46:1107-12.
    • (1989) Arch Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 1107-1112
    • Goodkin, D.E.1    Hertsgaard, D.2    Rudick, R.A.3
  • 27
    • 0031226430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations from the clinical outcome assessment task force of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society
    • Rudick RA, Antel J, Confavreux C, et al. Recommendations from the clinical outcome assessment task force of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Ann Neurol 1997;42: 379-82.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 379-382
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Antel, J.2    Confavreux, C.3
  • 28
    • 0032919071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure
    • Cutter GR, Baier ML, Rudick RA, et al. Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure. Brain 1999;122:871-82.
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , pp. 871-882
    • Cutter, G.R.1    Baier, M.L.2    Rudick, R.A.3
  • 29
    • 0032870663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Guy's neurological disability scale (GNDS): A new disability measure for multiple sclerosis
    • Sharrack B, Hughes RAC. The Guy's neurological disability scale (GNDS): a new disability measure for multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis 1999;5:223-33.
    • (1999) Multiple Sclerosis , vol.5 , pp. 223-233
    • Sharrack, B.1    Hughes, R.A.C.2
  • 30
    • 9544238232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical outcomes assessment in multiple sclerosis
    • Rudick RA, Antel J, Confavreux C, et al. Clinical outcomes assessment in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1996;40:469-79.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 469-479
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Antel, J.2    Confavreux, C.3
  • 31
    • 0032494792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon β-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • European Study Group on Interferon β-1b in Secondary Progressive MS. Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon β-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998;352:1491-7.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1491-1497
  • 32
    • 0031002545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions
    • Ferguson B, Matyszak MK, Esiri MM, et al. Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 1997;120:393-9.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 393-399
    • Ferguson, B.1    Matyszak, M.K.2    Esiri, M.M.3
  • 33
    • 0032576752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis
    • Trapp BD, Peterson J, Ransohoff RM, et al. Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:278-85.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 278-285
    • Trapp, B.D.1    Peterson, J.2    Ransohoff, R.M.3
  • 34
    • 0031962941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging axonal change of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis
    • Fu L, Matthews PM, De Stefano N, et al. Imaging axonal change of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1998;121:103-13.
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 103-113
    • Fu, L.1    Matthews, P.M.2    De Stefano, N.3
  • 35
    • 0032934804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three dimensional MRI estimates of brain and spinal cord atrophy
    • Liu C, Edwards S, Gong Q, et al. Three dimensional MRI estimates of brain and spinal cord atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;66:323-30.
    • (1999) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 323-330
    • Liu, C.1    Edwards, S.2    Gong, Q.3
  • 36
    • 0012527355 scopus 로고
    • Studies on disseminated sclerosis: With special reference to symptomatology, course and progress
    • Müller R. Studies on disseminated sclerosis: with special reference to symptomatology, course and progress. Acta Med Scand 1949;133(suppl 222):1-214.
    • (1949) Acta Med Scand , vol.133 , Issue.222 SUPPL. , pp. 1-214
    • Müller, R.1
  • 37
    • 0038150223 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis: Quantitative nosometric study
    • Alexander L, Berkeley AW, Alexander AM. Prognosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis: quantitative nosometric study. JAMA 1958;166:1943-9.
    • (1958) JAMA , vol.166 , pp. 1943-1949
    • Alexander, L.1    Berkeley, A.W.2    Alexander, A.M.3
  • 38
    • 0027410777 scopus 로고
    • The significance of brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities at presentation with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis. A 5 year follow up study
    • Morrisey SP, Miller DH, Kendall BE, et al. The significance of brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities at presentation with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis. A 5 year follow up study. Brain 1993;116:135-46.
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 135-146
    • Morrisey, S.P.1    Miller, D.H.2    Kendall, B.E.3
  • 39
    • 0032905049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychometric properties of clinical rating scales used in multiple sclerosis
    • Sharrack B, Hughes RAC, Soudain S, et al. The psychometric properties of clinical rating scales used in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1999;122:141-59.
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , pp. 141-159
    • Sharrack, B.1    Hughes, R.A.C.2    Soudain, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.