DNA methylation of helper virus increases genetic instability of retroviral vector producer cells

Journal of Virology

Volumn 74, Issue 7, 2000, Pages 3177-3187

  Young, Won Bin ^a,b,c   Lindberg, Gary L ^b   Link Jr , Charles J ^a,b  

^a Iowa Cancer Research Foundation   (United States)

^b IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AZACITIDINE; CELL RECEPTOR; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE; VIRUS DNA;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA INTEGRATION; DNA METHYLATION; EXPRESSION VECTOR; GENETIC STABILITY; HELPER VIRUS; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; NORTHERN BLOTTING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROVIRUS; SUPERINFECTION; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS ENVELOPE; VIRUS REPLICATION;

CELL LINE; DNA METHYLATION; DNA, VIRAL; GENETIC VECTORS; HELPER VIRUSES; PROVIRUSES; SEQUENCE DELETION; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; VIRUS INTEGRATION;

EID: 0034099093     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.74.7.3177-3187.2000     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Anderson, W. F., G. J. McGarrity, and R. C. Moen. 1993. Report to the NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee on murine replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) assays. Hum. Gene Ther. 4:311-321.
2. Bernstein, H. B., S. P. Tucker, S. R. Kar, S. A. McPherson, D. T. McPherson, J. W. Dubay, J. Lebowitz, R. W. Compans, and E. Hunter. 1995. Oligomerization of the hydrophobic heptad repeat of gp41. J. Virol. 69:2745-2750.
3. Challita, P. M., and D. B. Kohn. 1994. Lack of expression from a retroviral vector after transduction of murine hematopoietic stem cells is associated with methylation in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:2567-2571.
4. Challita, P. M., D. Skelton, A. el-Khoueiry, X. J. Yu, K. Weinberg, and D. B. Kohn. 1995. Multiple modifications in cis elements of the long terminal repeat of retroviral vectors lead to increased expression and decreased DNA methylation in embryonic carcinoma cells. J. Virol. 69:748-755.
5. Cone, R. D., and R. C. Mulligan. 1984. High-efficiency gene transfer into mammalian cells: generation of helper-free recombinant retrovirus with broad mammalian host range. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6349-6353.
6. Cormack, B. P., R. H. Valdivia, and S. Falkow. 1996. FACS-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Gene 173:33-38.
7. Donahue, R. E., S. W. Kessler, D. Bodine, K. McDonagh, C. Dunber, S. Goodman, B. Agricola, E. Byrne, M. Raffeld, R. Moen, J. Bacher, K. M. Zsebo, and A. W. Nienhuis. 1992. Helper virus induced T cell lymphoma in nonhuman primates after retroviral mediated gene transfer. J. Exp. Med. 176:1125-1135.
8. Gram, G. J., S. D. Nielsen, and J. E. Hansen. 1998. Spontaneous silencing of humanized green fluorescent protein (hGFP) gene expression from a retroviral vector by DNA methylation. J. Hematother. 7:333-341.
9. Gray, D. A. 1991. Insertional mutagenesis: neoplasia arising from retroviral integration. Cancer Investig. 9:295-304.
10. Haas, J., E. C. Park, and B. Seed. 1996. Codon usage limitation in the expression of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. Curr. Biol. 6:315-324.
11. Hasse, A., and W. A. Schulz. 1994. Enhancement of reporter gene de novo methylation by DNA fragments from the alpha-fetoprotein control region. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1821-1826.
12. Hoeben, R. C., A. A. Migchielsen, R. C. van der Jagt, H. van Ormondt, and A. J. van der Eb. 1991. Inactivation of the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat in murine fibroblast cell lines is associated with methylation and dependent on its chromosomal position. J. Virol. 65:904-912.
13. Huang, M. T., and C. M. Gorman. 1990. Intervening sequences increase efficiency of RNA 3′ processing and accumulation of cytoplasmic RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:937-947.
14. Hunter, E. 1994. Macromolecular interactions in the assembly of HIV and other retroviruses. Semin. Virol. 5:71-83.
15. Ihle, J. N., B. Smith-White, B. Sisson, D. Parker, D. G. Blair, A. Schultz, C. Kozak, R. D. Lunsford, D. Askew, Y. Weinstein, and R. J. Isfort. 1989. Activation of the c-H-ras proto-oncogene by retrovirus insertion and chromosomal rearrangement in a Moloney leukemia virus-induced T-cell leukemia. J. Virol. 63:2959-2966.
16. Jahner, D., and R. Jaenisch. 1985. Retrovirus-induced de novo methylation of flanking host sequences correlates with gene inactivity. Nature 315:594-597.
17. Jähner, D., and R. Jäenisch. 1985. Chromosomal position and specific demethylation in enhancer sequences of germ line-transmitted retroviral genomes during mouse development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2212-2220.
18. Jähner, D., H. Stuhlmann, C. L. Stewart, K. Harbers, J. Lohler, I. Simon, and R. Jaenisch. 1982. De novo methylation and expression of retroviral genomes during mouse emhryogenesis. Nature 298:623-628.
19. Jang, S. K., T. V. Pestova, C. U. Hellen, G. W. Witherell, and E. Wimmer. 1990. Cap-independent translation of picornavirus RNAs: structure and function of the internal ribosomal entry site. Enzyme 44:292-309.
20. Jolly, D. J., R. C. Willis, and T. Friedmann. 1986. Variable stability of a selectable provirus after retroviral vector gene transfer into human cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:1141-1147.
21. Juttermann, R., E. Li, and R. Jaenisch. 1994. Toxicity of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine to mammalian cells is mediated primarily by covalent trapping of DNA methyltransferase rather than DNA demethylation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:11797-11801.
22. Kempler, G., B. Freitag, B. Berwin, O. Nanassy, and E. Barklis. 1993. Characterization of the Moloney murine leukemia virus stem cell-specific repressor binding site. Virology 193:690-699.
23. Kuriyama, S., T. Sakamoto, M. Kikukawa, T. Nakatani, Y. Toyokawa, H. Tsujinoue, K. Ikenaka, H. Fukui, and T. Tsujii. 1998. Expression of a retrovirally transduced gene under control of an internal housekeeping gene promoter does not persist due to methylation and is restored partially by 5-azacytidine treatment. Gene Ther. 5:1299-1305.
24. Laker, C., J. Meyer, A. Schopen, J. Friel, C. Heberlein, W. Ostertag, and C. Stocking. 1998. Host cis-mediated extinction of a retrovirus permissive for expression in embryonal stem cells during differentiation. J. Virol. 72:339-348.
25. Lazo, P. A., and P. N. Tsichlis. 1988. Recombination between two integrated proviruses, one of which was inserted near c-myc in a retrovirus-induced rat thymoma: implications for tumor progression. J. Virol. 62:788-794.
26. Lengauer, C., K. W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein. 1997. DNA methylation and genetic instability in colorectal cancer cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:2545-2550.
27. Link, C. J., Jr., E. M. Kolb, and R. R. Muldoon. 1995. Preliminary in vitro efficacy and toxicity studies of the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene system for the treatment of breast cancer. Hybridoma 14:143-147.
28. Link, C. J., Jr., D. Moorman, T. Seregina, J. P. Levy, and K. J. Schabold. 1996. A phase I trial of in vivo gene therapy with the herpes simplex thymidine kinase/ganciclovir system for the treatment of refractory or recurrent ovarian cancer. Hum. Gene Ther. 7:1161-1179.
29. Markowitz, D., S. Goff, and A. Bank. 1988. A safe packaging line for gene transfer: separating viral genes on two different plasmids. J. Virol. 62:1120-1124.
30. Mikovits, J. A., H. A. Young, P. Vertino, J. P. Issa, P. M. Pitha, S. Turcoski-Corrales, D. D. Taub, C. L. Petrow, S. B. Baylin, and F. W. Ruscetti. 1998. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 upregulates DNA methyltransferase, resulting in de novo methylation of the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) promoter and subsequent downregulation of IFN-γ production. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:5166-5177.
31. Miller, A. D. 1996. Cell-surface receptors for retroviruses and implications for gene transfer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:11407-11413.
32. Miller, A. D., and C. Buttimore. 1986. Redesign of retrovirus packaging cell lines to avoid recombination leading to helper virus production. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:2895-2902.
33. Miller, A. D., and F. Chen. 1996. Retrovirus packaging cells based on 10A1 murine leukemia virus for production of vectors that use multiple receptors for cell entry. J. Virol. 70:5564-5571.
34. Miller, A. D., J. V. Garcia, N. Von Shur, C. M. Lynch, C. Wilson, and M. V. Eiden. 1991. Construction and properties of retrovirus packaging cells based on gibbon ape leukemia virus. J. Virol. 65:2220-2224.
35. Miller, A. D., and G. J. Rosman. 1989. Improved retroviral vectors for gene transfer and expression. BioTechniques 7:980-982, 984-986, 989-990.
36. Miller, A. D., D. R. Trauber, and C. Buttimore. 1986. Factors involved in production of helper virus-free retrovirus vectors. Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 12:175-183.
37. Moolten, F. L. 1986. Tumor chemosensitivity conferred by inserted herpes thymidine kinase genes: paradigm for a prospective cancer control strategy. Cancer Res. 46:5276-5281.
38. Muenchau, D. D., S. M. Freeman, K. Cornetta, J. A. Zwiebel, and W. F. Anderson. 1990. Analysis of retroviral packaging lines for generation of replication-competent virus. Virology 176:262-265.
39. Muldoon, R. R., J. P. Levy, S. R. Kain, P. A. Kitts, and C. J. Link, Jr. 1997. Tracking and quantitation of retroviral-mediated transfer using a completely humanized, red-shifted green fluorescent protein gene. BioTechniques 22: 162-167.
40. Nelson, D. M., J. J. Wahlfors, L. Chen, M. Onodera, and R. A. Morgan. 1998. Characterization of diverse viral vector preparations, using a simple and rapid whole-virion dot-blot method. Hum. Gene Ther. 9:2401-2405.
41. Nielsen, C. S., D. W. Moorman, J. P. Levy, and C. J. Link, Jr. 1997. Herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene transfer is required for complete regression of murine colon adenocarcinoma. Am. Surg. 63:617-620.
42. Odawara, T., M. Oshima, K. Doi, A. Iwamoto, and H. Yoshikura. 1998. Threshold number of provirus copies required per cell for efficient virus production and interference in Moloney murine leukemia virus-infected NIH 3T3 cells. J. Virol. 72:5414-5424.
43. Oldfield, E. H., Z. Ram, K. W. Culver, R. M. Blaese, H. L. DeVroom, and W. F. Anderson. 1993. Gene therapy for the treatment of brain tumors using intra-tumoral transduction with the thymidine kinase gene and intravenous ganciclovir. Hum. Gene Ther. 4:39-69.
44. O'Neill, R., M. O'Neill, and J. A. Graves. 1998. Undermethylation associated with retroelement activation and chromosome remodelling in an interspecific mammalian hybrid. Nature 393:68-72.
45. Ott, D. E., S. M. Nigida, Jr., L. E. Henderson, and L. O. Arthur. 1995. The majority of cells are superinfected in a cloned cell line that produces high levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain MN. J. Virol. 69:2443-2450.
46. Otto, E., A. Jones-Trower, E. F. Vanin, K. Stambaugh, S. N. Mueller, W. F. Anderson, and G. J. McGarrity. 1994. Characterization of a replication-competent retrovirus resulting from recombination of packaging and vector sequences. Hum. Gene Ther. 5:567-575.
47. Pear, W. S., G. P. Nolan, M. L. Scott, and D. Baltimore. 1993. Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8392-8396.
48. Robbins, P. B., X. J. Yu, D. M. Skelton, K. A. Pepper, R. M. Wasserman, L. Zhu, and D. B. Kohn. 1997. Increased probability of expression from modified retroviral vectors in embryonal stem cells and embryonal carcinoma cells. J. Virol. 71:9466-9474.
49. Roberts, R. J. 1990. Restriction enzymes and their isoschizomers. Nucleic Acids Res. 18(Suppl.):2331-2365.
50. Roth, J. A., and R. J. Cristiano, 1997. Gene therapy for cancer: what have we done and where are we going? J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 89:21-39.
51. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed., p. 9.14-9.23. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
52. Schwartz, J. R., S. Duesberg, and P. Duesberg. 1995. DNA recombination is sufficient for retroviral transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:2460-2464.
53. Seperack, P. K., M. C. Strobel, D. J. Corrow, N. A. Jenkins, and N. G. Copeland. 1988. Somatic and germ-line mutation rates of the retrovirus-induced dilute coat-color mutation of DBA mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:189-192.
54. Sommerfelt, M. A., and R. A. Weiss. 1990. Receptor interference groups of 20 retroviruses plating on human cells. Virology 176:58-69.
55. Stewart, C. L., H. Stuhlmann, D. Jahner, and R. Jaenisch. 1982. De novo methylation, expression, and infectivity of retroviral genomes introduced into embryonal carcinoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:4098-4102.
56. Szyf, M., G. Tanigawa, and P. L. McCarthy, Jr. 1990. A DNA signal from the Thy-1 gene defines de novo methylation patterns in embryonic stem cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:4396-4400.
57. Teyssier, J. R., J. Benard, D. Ferre, J. Da Silva, and L. Renaud. 1989. Drug-related chromosomal changes in chemoresistant human ovarian carcinoma cells. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 39:35-43.
58. Vanin, E. F., M. Kaloss, C. Broscius, and A. W. Nienhuis. 1994. Characterization of replication-competent retroviruses from nonhuman primates with virus-induced T-cell lymphomas and observations regarding the mechanism of oncogenesis. J. Virol. 68:4241-4250.
59. Varmus, H. E., N. Quintrell, and S. Ortiz. 1981. Retroviruses as mutagens: insertion and excision of a nontransforming provirus alter expression of a resident transforming provirus. Cell 25:23-36.
60. Weiss, R. A., and C. S. Tailor. 1995. Retrovirus receptors. Cell 82:531-533.
61. Wilson, C., M. S. Reitz, H. Okayama, and M. V. Eiden. 1989. Formation of infectious hybrid virions with gibbon ape leukemia virus and human T-cell leukemia virus retroviral envelope glycoproteins and the gag and pol proteins of Moloney murine leukemia virus. J. Virol. 63:2374-2378.
62. Young, W.-B., E. J. Beecham, G. L. Lindberg, and C. J. Link, Jr. Restriction mapping of retroviral vector episomal DNA. BioTechniques, in press.