Flocking and foraging behavior of wintering Prothonotary Warblers

Wilson Bulletin

Volumn 112, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 88-98

  Warkentin, Ian G ^a,b   Morton, Eugene S ^a,c  

^a SMITHSONIAN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND   (Canada)

^c SMITHSONIAN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGREGATION; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTION; INTRASPECIFIC INTERACTION; SONGBIRD;

COSTA RICA;

NEARCTIC; PASSERI; PASSERIFORMES; PROTONOTARIA; PROTONOTARIA CITREA;

EID: 0034096134     PISSN: 00435643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0088:FAFBOW]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. ALATALO, R. V. 1981. Interspecific competition in tits Parus spp. and the Goldcrest Regulus regulus: foraging shifts in multispecific flocks. Oikos 37: 335-344.
2. AUSTIN, G. T. AND E. L. SMITH. 1972. Winter foraging ecology of mixed insectivorous bird flocks in oak woodland in southern Arizona. Condor 74:17-24.
3. BARNARD, C. J. AND D. B. A. THOMPSON. 1985. Gulls and plovers: the ecology and behavior of mixed species feeding groups. Croom Helm, London, U.K.
4. BUSKIRK, W. H. 1972. Ecology of bird flocks in a tropical forest. Ph.D. diss., Univ. of California, Davis; not seen, cited by Powell 1985.
5. ffRENCH, R. P. 1966. The utilization of mangrove in Trinidad. Ibis 108:423-424.
6. FRETWELL, S. D. 1972. Populations in a seasonal environment. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
7. HAMILTON, W. D. 1971. Geometry of the selfish herd. J. Theor. Biol. 31:295-311.
8. HESPENHEIDE, H. A. 1980. Bird community structure in two Panama forests: resident, migrant and seasonality during the nonbreeding season. Pp. 227-237 in Migrant birds in the Neotropics: ecology, behavior, distribution, and conservation (A. Keast and E. S. Morton, Eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
9. HOGSTAD, O. 1988. Advantages of social foraging of Willow Tits Parus montanus. Ibis 130:275-283.
10. HUTTO, R. L. 1980. Winter habitat distribution of migratory land birds in western Mexico, with special reference to small, foliage-gleaning insectivores. Pp. 181-203 in Migrant birds in the Neotropics: ecology, behavior, distribution, and conservation (A. Keast and E. S. Morton, Eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
11. HUTTO, R. L. 1988. Foraging behavior patterns suggest a possible cost associated with participation in mixed-species bird flocks. Oikos 51:79-83.
12. HUTTO, R. L. 1994. The composition and social organization of mixed-species flocks in a tropical deciduous forest in western Mexico. Condor 96: 105-118.
13. JIMÉNEZ, J. A. 1988. The dynamics of Rhizophora racemosa Meyer, forests on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Brenesia 30:1-12.
14. KENWARD, R. E. 1978. Hawks and doves: factors affecting success and selection in goshawk attacks on Wood Pigeons. J. Anim. Ecol. 47:449-460.
15. KREBS, J. R., M. H. MACROBERTS, AND J. M. CULLEN. 1972. Flocking and feeding in the Great Tit Parus major - an experimental study. Ibis 114:507-530.
16. LATTA, S. C. AND J. M. WUNDERLE, JR. 1996. The composition and foraging ecology of mixed-species flocks in pine forests of Hispaniola. Condor 98: 595-607.
17. LAZARUS, J. 1979. The early warning function of flocking in birds: an experimental study with captive Quelea. Anim. Behav. 27:855-865.
18. LEFEBVRE, G., B. POULIN, AND R. MCNEIL. 1992. Abundance, feeding behavior, and body condition of Nearctic warblers wintering in Venezuelan mangroves. Wilson Bull. 104:400-412.
19. LEFEBVRE, G., B. POULIN, AND R. MCNEIL. 1994. Spatial and social-behavior of Nearctic warblers wintering in Venezuelan mangroves. Can. J. Zool. 72: 757-764.
20. LEONARD, H. J. 1987. Natural resources and economic development in Central America: a regional environmental profile. Transaction Books, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
21. LYNCH. J. F. 1989. Distribution of overwintering Nearctic migrants in the Yucatan Peninsula, I: general patterns of occurrence. Condor 91:515-544.
22. MORSE, D. H. 1970. Ecological aspects of some mixed-species foraging flocks of birds. Ecol. Monog. 40: 119-168.
23. MORSE, D. H. 1977. Feeding behavior and predator avoidance in heterospecific groups. BioScience 27:332-339.
24. MORSE, D. H. 1978. Structure and foraging patterns of flocks of tits and associated species in an English woodland during winter. Ibis 120:298-312.
25. MORTON, E. S. 1980. Adaptations to seasonal changes by migrant land birds in the Panama Canal Zone. Pp. 437-453 in Migrant birds in the Neotropics: ecology, behavior, distribution, and conservation (A. Keast and E. S. Morton, Eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
26. MOYNIHAN, M. 1962. The organization and probable evolution of some mixed species flocks of Neotropical birds. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 143:1-140.
27. MUNN, C. A. AND J. W. TERBORGH. 1979. Multi-species territoriality in neotropical foraging flocks. Condor 81:338-347.
28. OLSON, D. M., E. DINERSTEIN, G. CINTRÓN, AND P. IOLSTER. 1996. A conservation assessment of mangrove ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean. World Wildlife Fund U.S., Washington, D.C.
29. PETIT, D. R. AND K. L. BILDSTEIN. 1987. Effect of group size and location within the group on the foraging behavior of White Ibises. Condor 89: 602-609.
30. POPP, J. W. 1988. Scanning behavior of finches in mixed-species groups. Condor 90:510-512.
31. POST, W. 1978. Social and foraging behavior of warblers wintering in Puerto Rican coastal scrub. Wilson Bull. 90:197-214.
32. POWELL, G. V. N. 1974. Experimental analysis of the social value of flocking by Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in relation to predation and foraging. Anim. Behav. 22:501-505.
33. POWELL, G. V. N. 1985. Sociobiology and the adaptive significance of interspecific flocks in the Neotropics. Ornithol. Monog. 36:713-732.
34. PULLIAM, H. R. 1973. On the advantages of flocking. J. Theor. Biol. 38:419-422.
35. RABENOLD, K. N. AND C. R. CHRISTENSEN. 1979. Effects of aggregation on feeding and survival in a communal wren. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 6:39-44.
36. REMSEN, J. V., JR. AND S. K. ROBINSON. 1990. A classification scheme for foraging behavior of birds in terrestrial habitats. Stud. Avian Biol. 13:144-160.
37. RUSSELL, S. M. 1980. Distribution and abundance of North American migrants in lowlands of northern Columbia. Pp. 249-252 in Migrant birds in the Neotropics: ecology, behavior, distribution and conservation (A. Keast and E. S. Morton, Eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
38. SAS INSTITUTE INC. 1988. SAS/STAT User's Guide, Release 6.03. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
39. SCHWARTZ, P. 1964. The Northern Waterthrush in Venezuela. Living Bird 3:169-184.
40. STYLES, F. G. AND A. F. SKUTCH. 1989. A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York.
41. TERBORGH, J. W. 1989. Where have all the birds gone? Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
42. VALBURG, L. K. 1992. Flocking and frugivory: the effect of social grouping on resource use in the Common Bush-tanager. Condor 94:358-363.
43. WAGNER, J. L. 1981. Visibility and bias in avian foraging data. Condor 83:263-264.
44. WAITE, T. A. AND T. C. GRUBB. 1988. Copying of foraging locations in mixed-species flocks of temperate-deciduous woodland birds: an experimental study. Condor 90:132-140.
45. WARKENTIN, I. G. AND D. HERNÁNDEZ. 1995. Avifaunal composition of a Costa Rican mangrove forest during the boreal winter. Vida Silvestre Neotrop. 4:140-143.
46. WIEDENFELD, D. A. 1992. Foraging in temperate- and tropical-breeding and wintering Yellow Warblers. Pp. 321-329 in Ecology and conservation of Neotropical migrant landbirds (J. M. Hagan, III and D. W. Johnston, Eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
47. ZAR, J. H. 1996. Biostatistical analysis, third ed. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.