The influence of large mammalian herbivores on growth form and utilization of mopane trees, Colophospermum mopane, in Botswana's Northern Tuli Game Reserve

African Journal of Ecology

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 95-101

  Styles, C V ^a   Skinner, J D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Branches; Colophospermum mopane; Eland; Elephants; Palatability

Indexed keywords

BROWSING; HERBIVORY; MAMMAL; SCRUB; UNGULATE;

BOTSWANA;

COLOPHOSPERMUM MOPANE;

EID: 0034095718     PISSN: 01416707     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00216.x     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. ACOCKS, J.P.H. (1975) Veld types of South Africa, 2nd edn. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr, 40, 1-128.
2. ANDERSON, G.D. & WALKER, B.H. (1974) Vegetation composition and elephant damage in the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, Rhodesia. J. S. Afr. Wildl. Mgmt. Ass. 4, 1-14.
3. BUSS, I.O. (1961) Some observations on food habits and behaviour of the African elephant. J. Wildl. Manag. 25, 131-148.
4. CAUGHLEY, G. (1976) The elephant problem - An alternative hypothesis. E. Afr. Wildl J. 14, 265-283.
5. GOERING, H.K. & VAN SOEST, P.J. (1970) Forage Fibre Analysis: Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures and Some Applications. USDA Agr. Handbook no. 379. Agricultural Research Service, Washington DC.
6. GUY, P.R. (1976) The feeding behaviour of elephant in the Sengwa Area, Rhodesia. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 6, 55-64.
7. HAGERMAN, A.E. (1987) Radial diffusion, method for determining tannin in plant extracts. J. Chem. Ecol. 13, 437-449.
8. HARRISON, M.S.J. (1984) Notes on the origins of the dry zone of the Limpopo valley. S. Afr. J. Sci. 80, 333-334.
9. LEWIS, D.M. (1986) Disturbance effects on elephant feeding: evidence for compression in Luangwa Valley, Zambia. Afr. J. Ecol. 24, 227-241.
10. LEWIS, D.M. (1991) Observations of tree growth, woodland structure and elephant damage on Colophospermum mopane in Luangwa Valley, Zambia. Afr. J. Ecol. 29, 207-221.
11. MCKENZIE, A.A. (1990) Co-operative Hunting in the Black-Backed Jackal Canis mesomelas Schreber. PhD thesis, University of Pretoria.
12. MOLE, S., BUTLER, L.G. & IASON, G. (1990) Defense against dietary tannins in herbivores: a survey for proline rich salivary proteins in mammals. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 18, 287-293.
13. NOTT, T.B. & STANDER, P.E. (1991) The monitoring of density and utilization of two tree species in the Etosha National Park, Namibia. Madoqua 18, 11-15.
14. PRICE, M.L. & BUTLER, L.G. (1977) Rapid visual estimation and spectrophotometric determination of tannin content of sorghum grain. J. agr. Food Chem. 25, 1268-1273.
15. RINEY, T. (1982) Study and Management of Large Mammals. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
16. ROBERTSON, J.B. & VAN SOEST, P.E. (1981) The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. In: The Analysis of Dietary Fibre in Food (Eds W. P. T. JAMES and O. THEANDER). Dekker, New York.
17. RUGGIERO, R.G. (1992) Seasonal forage utilization by elephants in central Africa. Afr. J. Ecol. 30, 137-148.
18. SIEGEL, S. (1956) Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York.
19. SKINNER, J.D. & SMITHERS, R.H.N. (1990) The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion, 2nd edn. University of Pretoria Press, Pretoria.
20. STYLES, C.V. (1993) The Interactions between Herbivores and the Colophospermem mopane Veld of the Northern Tuli Game Reserve, Botswana. MSc thesis, University of Pretoria.
21. TERRILL, T.H., WINDHAM, W.R., EVAN, J.J. & HOVELAND, C.S. (1990) Condensed tannin concentration in Sericea lespedeza as influenced of preservation method. Crop Sci. 23, 197-200.
22. VAN WYK, P. & FAIRALL, N. (1969) The influence of the African elephant on the vegetation of the Kruger National Park. Koedoe 12, 57-89.
23. WALKER, B.H., EMSLIE, R.H., OWEN-SMITH, N. & SCHOLES, R.J. (1987) To cull or not to cull: Lessons from a southern African drought. J. appl. Ecol. 24, 381-401.