Potential to prevent carbon dioxide rebreathing of commercial products marketed to reduce sudden infant death syndrome risk

Pediatrics

Volumn 105, Issue 4 I, 2000, Pages 774-779

  Carolan, Patrick L ^a   Wheeler, William B ^a   Ross, James D ^a   Kemp, James S ^b  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITALS AND CLINICS OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbon dioxide rebreathing; Commercial sleep products; Consumer product safety; Sudden infant death syndrome

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE;

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; ARTICLE; BODY POSTURE; CARBON DIOXIDE BREATHING; EXPIRED AIR; MATERIALS; MODEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REBREATHING; RISK FACTOR; SAFETY; SLEEP; SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME;

EID: 0034088773     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.105.4.774     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Kattwinkel J, Brooks J, Keenan ME, Malloy M, Willinger M. Positioning and SIDS: an update. Pediatrics. 1996;98:1216-1218
2. Mitchell EA, Scragg R, Stewart AW, et al. Results from the first year of the New Zealand cot death study. N Z Med J. 1991;104:71-76
3. Mitchell EA, Ford RPK, Taylor BJ, et al. Further evidence supporting a causal relationship between prone sleeping position and SIDS. J Paediatr Child Health. 1992; 28(suppl 1):S9-S12
4. Wigfield RE, Fleming PJ, Berry PJ, Rudd PT, Golding J. Can the fall in Avon's sudden infant death rate be explained by changes in sleeping position? Br Med J. 1992;304:281-283
5. Dwyer T, Ponsonby AL, Blizzard L, Newman NM, Cochrane JA. The contribution of changes in the prevalence of prone sleeping position to the decline of sudden infant death syndrome in Tasmania. JAMA. 195;273:783-789
6. Taylor JA, Krieger JW, Reay DT, Davis RL, Harruff R, Cheney LK. Prone sleep position and the sudden infant death syndrome in King County, Washington: a case-control study. J Pediatr. 1996;128:626-630
7. Mitchell EA, Brunt JM, Everard C. Reduction in mortality from sudden infant death syndrome in New Zealand 1986-92. Arch Dis Child. 1994; 70:291-294
8. Weese-Mayer DE. Modifiable risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome: when will we ever learn? J Pediatr. 1998;132:197-198
9. Brenner RA, Simons-Morton BG, Bhaskar B, et al. Prevalence and predictors of the prone sleep position among inner-city infants. JAMA. 1998;280:341-346
10. Fllick LH, Kemp JS, Cibulka N, et al. Senior caregivers influence on infant sleep position among low income African American mothers. Presented at: SIDS Alliance National Conference; April 8-11, 1999; Atlanta GA
11. Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, Gibbons LE, Cochrane JA, Jones ME, McCall MJ. Thermal environment and sudden infant death syndrome: a case-control study. Br Med J. 1992;304:277-282
12. Nelson EAS, Taylor BJ, Weatherall IL, Sleeping position and infant bedding may predispose to hyperthermia and the sudden infant death syndrome. Lancet. 1989;1:199-200
13. Fleming PJ, Gilbert R, Azaz Y, Berry PJ, Rudd PT, Stewart A. Interaction between bedding and sleep position in the sudden infant death syndrome: a population based case-control study. Br Med J. 1990;301: 85-89
14. Kahn A, Groswasser J, Sottiauz M, Rebuffat E, Franco P, Dramaix M. Prone or supine body position and sleep characteristics in infants. Pediatrics. 1993;91:1112-1115
15. Franco P, Pardou A, Hassid S, Lurquin P, Grosswasser J, Kahn A. Auditory arousal thresholds are higher when infants sleep in the prone position. J Pediatr. 1998;132:240-243
16. McCulloch K, Brouillette RT, Guzzetta AJ, Hunt CE. Arousal responses in near-miss sudden infant death syndrome and in normal infants. J Pediatr. 1982;101:911-917
17. Scheers NJ, Dayton CM, Kemp JS. Sudden infant death with external airways covered: case comparison study of 206 deaths in the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998;152:540-547
18. Kemp JS, Kowalski RM, Burch PM, Graham MA, Thach BT. Unintentional suffocation by rebreathing: a death scene and physiological investigation of a possible cause of sudden infant death. J Pediatr. 1993; 122:874-880
19. Kemp JS, Livine M, White DK, Arfken CL. Softness and potential to cause rebreathing: differences in bedding used by infants at high risk and low risk for sudden infant death syndrome. J Pediatr. 1998;132: 234-239
20. Kemp JS, Nelson VE, Thach BT. Physical properties of bedding that may increase risk of sudden infant death syndrome in prone-sleeping infants. Pediatr Res. 1994;36:7-11
21. Kemp JS. Rebreathing of exhaled gases: importance as a mechanism for the causal association between prone sleep and sudden infant death syndrome. Sleep. 1996;19:S263-S266
22. Chiodini BA, Thach BT. Impaired ventilation in infants sleeping facedown: potential significance for sudden infant death syndrome. J Pedietr. 1993;123:686-692
23. Waters KA, Gonzalez A, Jean C, Morielli A, Brouillette RT. Face-straight-down and face-near-straight-down in healthy, prone-sleeping infants. J Pediatr. 1996;128:616-625
24. Malcolm G, Cohen G, Henderson-Smart D. Carbon dioxide concentrations in the environment of sleeping infants. J Paediatr Child Health. 1994;30:45-49
25. Lijowska AS, Reed NW, Mertins-Chiodini BA, Thach BT. Sequential arousal and airway-defense behavior of infant in asphyxiai sleep environments. J Appl Physiol. 1997;83:219-228
26. Schmid WR. Potential rebreathing danger of presumed safe sleep surfaces and a new approach to design. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1996;425. Abstract
27. Kemp JS. Sudden infant death syndrome: the role of bedding revisited. J Pediatr. 1996;129:946-947
28. Panigraphy A, Filiano JJ, Sleeper LA, et al. Decreased kainate receptor binding in the arcuate nucleus of the sudden infant death syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1997;56:1253-1261
29. Filiano JJ, Kinney HC. Perspective on neuropathologic findings in victims of the sudden infant death syndrome: the triple risk model. Biol Meonate. 1994;65:194-197
30. Davidson-Ward SL, Bautista DB, Woo MS, et al. Response to hypoxia and hypercapnia in infants of substance-abusing mothers. J Pediatr. 1992;121:704-709
31. Van der Hal AL, Rodriguez AM, Sargent CW, Platzker ACG, Keens TG. Hypoxic and hypercapneic arousal responses and prediction of subsequent apnea in apnea of infancy. Pediatrics. 1985;75:848-854
32. 2 dispersal and factors affecting rebreathing in bedding. J Appl Physiol. 1995;78:740-745
33. How to buy a crib mattress. Consumer Reports. May 1993:287
34. Ryan EL. Distribution of expired air in carry cots: a possible explanation for some sudden infant deaths Aust Phys Eng Sci Med. 1991;14:112-118
35. Glantz SA. Primer of Biostatistics. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1997:99-103
36. Bolton DPG, Taylor BJ, Campbell AJ, Galland BC, Cresswell CA. A potential danger for prone sleeping babies: rebreathing of expired gases when face down into soft bedding. Arch Dis Child. 1993;69:187-190
37. Carleton JN, Donoghue AM, Porter WK. Mechanical model testing of rebreathing potential in infant bedding materials. Arch Dis Child. 1998; 78:323-328
38. L'Hoir MP, Engelberts AC, Van Well GTJ, et al. Risk and preventive factors for cot death in the Netherlands, a low-incidence country. Eur J Pediatr. 1998;157:681-688
39. Mitchell EA, Thach BT, Thompson JMD, Williams S. Changing infants' sleep position increases risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153:1136-1141
40. Oyen N, Markestad T, Skjaeven R, et al. Combined effects of sleeping position and prenatal risk factors in sudden infants death syndrome: the Nordic epidemological SIDS study. Pediatrics. 1997;100:613-621
41. Skadberg BT, Morild I, Makrestad T. Abandoning prone sleeping: effect on risk of sudden infant death syndrome. J Pediatr. 1998;132:340-343