A method to quantify rater bias in antidepressant trials

Neuropsychopharmacology

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 559-565

  Petkova, Eva ^a,b   Qnitkin, Frederic M ^a,b   McGrath, Patrick J ^a,b   Stewart, Jonathan W ^a,b   Klein, Donald F ^a,b  

^a Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons ^*  (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antidepressant trials; Bias; Study validity; Unblinded rater

Indexed keywords

IMIPRAMINE; PHENELZINE; PLACEBO;

ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RESPONSE; EVALUATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MOOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; STANDARD; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG EVALUATION; HUMANS; OBSERVER VARIATION; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0034088751     PISSN: 0893133X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00154-2     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Blumenthal DS, Burke R, Shapiro AK (1974): The validity of "identical matching placebos." Arch Gen Psychiatry 31:214-215
2. Bunney WE, Brodie KH, Murphy DL, Goodwin FK (1971): Studies of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, L-DOPA and LTryptophan in depression and mania. Am J Psychiatry 127:48-71
3. Carroll KM, Rounsaville BJ, Nich C (1994): Blind man's bluff: Effectiveness and significance of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Blinding procedures in a clinical trial. J Cons Clin Psychol 62(2):276-280
4. Daneman E (1961): Imipramine in office management of depressive reactions (a double blind clinical study). Dis Nerv System 22(4):213-217
5. Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Covey L (1973): The SCL-90: An outpatient psychiatric scale. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 9:13-28
6. Fahy P, Imlah N, Harrington J (1963): A controlled comparison of electroconvulsive therapy, imipramine and thiopentone sleep in depression. Neuropsychiatry 4:310-314
7. Fisher S, Greenberg R (1993): How sound is the double-blind design for evaluating psychotropic drugs? J Nerv Mental Dis 181:345-350
8. Friedman AS (1975): Interaction of drug therapy with marital therapy in depressive patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 32:619-637
9. Friedman AS, Granick S, Cohen HW, Cowitz B (1966): Imipramine (Tofranil) vs. placebo in hospitalized psychotic depressives (a comparison of patients' self-ratings, psychiatrists' ratings and psychological test scores). J Psychiatric Res 4:13-36
10. Gershon ES, Bunney WE, Goodwin FK, Murphy D, Henry GM (1971): Catecholamines and affective illness. In Ho BT, Mclsaac WM (eds), Brain Chemistry and Mental Illness. New York, NY, Plenum Press, pp 125-161
11. Goleman P (1995): Psychologists dispute value of antidepressants. New York Times, November 29
12. Greenberg RP, Bornstein RK, Greenburg MD, Fisher S (1992): A meta-analysis of antidepressant outcome under "blinder" conditions. J Cons Clin Psychol 60(5):664-669
13. Greenberg RP, Bornstein RF, Zborowski MJ, Fisher S, Greenberg MD (1994): A meta-analysis of fluoxetine outcome in the treatment of depression. J Nerv Mental Dis 182:547-551
14. Greenberg RP, Fisher S (1989a): Examining antidepressant effectiveness: Findings, ambiguities and some vexing puzzles. In Fisher S, Greenberg RP (eds), The Limits of Biological Treatments for Psychological Distress: Comparisons with Psychotherapy and Placebo. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum, p 137
15. Greenberg RP, Fisher S (1989b): A second opinion: Rethinking the claims of biological psychiatry. In Fisher S, Greenberg RP (eds), The Limits of Biological Treatments for Psychological Distress: Comparisons with Psychotherapy and Placebo. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum, pp 309-336
16. Henker B, Whalen CK, Collins BE (1979): Double-blind and triple-blind assessments of medication and placebo responses in hyperactive children. J Abn Child Psychiatry 7:1-13
17. Hill LE, Nun AJ, Fox W (1976): Matching quality of agents employed in "double-blind" controlled clinical trials. The Lancet 352-356
18. Hirschfeld R, Keller M, Panico S, Arons BS, Barlow D, Davidoff F, Endicott J, Froom J, Goldstein M, Gorman JM, Guthrie D, Marek RG, Maurer TA, Meyer R, Phillips K, Ross J, Schwenk TL, Sharfstein SS, Thase ME, Wyatt RJ (1997): The National Depressive and ManieDepressive Association consensus statement on the under-treatment of depression. JAMA 277:333-340
19. Hollister L, Overall J, Johnson M, Pennington V, Katz G, Shelton J (1964): Controlled comparison of amitriptyline, imipramine, and placebo in hospitalized depressed patients. J Nerv Mental Dis 139:370-375
20. Hussain Z (1970): Drugs in depressive illness. Br Med J 2:482
21. Lambert MJ, Doxey RH, Kingston MD, Edwards BC (1986): Zung, Beck, and Hamilton rating scales as measures of treatment outcome: A meta-analytic comparison. J Cons Clin Psychol 54(1)54-59
22. McLean PD, Hakstian AR (1979): Clinical depression: Comparative efficacy of outpatient treatments. J Cons Clin Psychol 47:818-836
23. Moher D, Pham B, Jones A, Cook DJ, Jadad AR (1998 ): Does quality of reports of randomized trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analysis? The Lancet 352:609-613
24. Muñoz RF, Holion SD, McGrath E, Rehm LP, Van den Bos GR (1994): On the AHCPR depression in primary care guidelines. Am Psychol 49(1):42-61
25. Quitkin FM, Stewart JW, McGrath PJ, Tricamo E, Rabkin JG, Ocepek-Welikson K, Nunes E, Harrison W, Klein DF (1993): Columbia atypical depression: A subgroup of depressives with better responses to MAOI than to tricyclic antidepressants or placebo. Br J Psychiatry 163(Suppl 21):30-34
26. Rabkin JG, Markowitz JS, Stewart J, McGrath P, Harrison W, Quitkin FM, Klein DF (1986): Assessment of patient and doctor medication guesses in a placebo-controlled trial of imipramine and phenelzine. Psychiatric Res 19:75-86
27. Schulz K, Chalmers I, Hayes R, Altman D (1995): Empirical evidence of bias. JAMA 273(5):408-412
28. Thompson R (1982): Side-effects and placebo amplifications. Br J Psychiatry 140:64-68
29. Uhlenhuth E, Park L (1963): The influence of medication (imipramine) and doctor in relieving depressed psychoneurotic outpatients. J Psychiatric Res 2:101-122
30. Weintraub W, Aronson H (1963/1964): Clinical judgment in psychopharmacological research. J Neuropsychiatry 5:65-70
31. White K, Kando J, Park T, Waternaux C, Brown WA (1992): Side-effects and the "blind ability" of clinical drug trials. Am J Psychiatry 149:1730-1731
32. Wilson I, Vernon J, Sandiler M (1963): A controlled study of treatment of depression. J Neuropsychiatry 4:331-337
33. Young SN, Annable L (1996): The use of placebos in psychiatry: A response to the draft document prepared by the TRI-Council Working Group. J Psychiatry Neurosci 21(4):235-238