The equatorial response to higher-latitude forcing

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 57, Issue 9, 2000, Pages 1197-1213

  Hoskins, Brian J ^a   Yang, Gui Ying ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLOW PATTERNS; GRAVITY WAVES; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; TROPICS; TROPOSPHERE; WAVE EQUATIONS;

EQUATORIAL WAVES; KELVIN WAVE RESPONSE; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ROSSBY-GRAVITY WAVES; WAVE NUMBERS;

WIND EFFECTS;

ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; ROSSBY WAVE; TROPICAL METEOROLOGY; WESTERLY;

EID: 0034088578     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1197:TERTHL>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Charney, J. G., 1963: A note on large-scale motions in the Tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 607-609.
2. _, 1969: A further note on large-scale motions in the Tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 182-185.
3. Dunkerton, T. J., and M. P. Baldwin, 1995: Observation of 3-6-day meridional wind oscillations over the tropical Pacific, 1973-1992: Horizontal structure and propagation. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1585-1601.
4. Emanuel, K. A., 1987: An air-sea interaction model of intraseasonal oscillation in the Tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2324-2340.
5. Gill, A. E., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat induced tropical circulations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447-462.
6. Hayashi, Y., 1982: Space-time spectral analysis and its applications to atmospheric waves. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 60, 156-171.
7. _, and A. Sumi, 1986: The 30-40 day oscillation simulated in an "aqua planet" model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 64, 451-466.
8. Heckley, W. A., and A. E. Gill, 1984: Some simple solutions to the problem of forced equatorial long waves. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 203-217.
9. Hendon, H. H., and B. Liebmann, 1991: The structure and annual variation of antisymmetric fluctuations of tropical convection and their association with Rossby-gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2127-2140.
10. Hoskins, B. J., and A. J. Simmons, 1975: A multi-layer spectral model and the semiimplicit method. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 101, 637-655.
11. Hsu, H.-H., B. J. Hoskins, and F.-F. Jin, 1990: The 1985/86 intraseasonal oscillation and the role of the extratropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 823-839.
12. Itoh, H., 1978: Forced equatorial waves under the marginally stable state with respect to wave CISK mechanism. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 56, 145-158.
13. _, and M. Ghil, 1988: The generation mechanism of mixed Rossby-gravity waves in the equatorial troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 585-604.
14. Kiladis, G. N., and K. M. Weickmann, 1992: Extratropical forcing of tropical Pacific convection during northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1924-1938.
15. _, and M. Wheeler, 1995: Horizontal and vertical structure of observed tropospheric equatorial Rossby waves. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 22981-22997.
16. Lau, K.-M., and L. Peng, 1987: Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations in the tropical atmosphere. Part I: Basic theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 950-972.
17. _, P. J. Sheu, and I.-S. Kang, 1994: Multiscale low-frequency circulation modes in the global atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1169-1193.
18. Liebmann, B., and H. H., Hendon, 1990: Synoptic-scale disturbances near the equator. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1463-1479.
19. Lim, H., and C.-P. Chang, 1981: A theory for midlatitude forcing of tropical motions during winter monsoons. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2377-2392.
20. Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1972: Description of global-scale circulation cells in the Tropics with a 40-50 day period. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109-1123.
21. Magana, V., and M. Yanai, 1995: Mixed Rossby-gravity waves triggered by lateral forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1473-1486.
22. Mak, M.-K., 1909: Laterally driven stochastic motions in the Tropics, J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 41-64.
23. Matsuno, T., 1966: Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan. 44, 25-43.
24. Neelin, J. D., I. M. Held, and K. H. Cook, 1987: Evaporation-wind feedback and low-frequency variability in the tropical atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2341-2348.
25. Numaguti, A., 1995: Characteristics of 4-to-20-day-period disturbances observed in the equatorial Pacific during the TOGA COARE IOP. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan. 73, 353-377.
26. Wang, B., and X. Xie, 1996: Low-frequency equatorial waves in vertically sheared zonal flow. Part I: Stable waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 449-467.
27. Webster, P. J., and J. R. Molton, 1982: Cross-equatorial response to middle-latitude forcing in a zonally varying basic state. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 722-733.
28. Weickmann, K. M., and S. J. S. Khalsa, 1990: The shift of convection from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean during a 30-60 day oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 964-978.
29. Wheeler, M., and G. N. Kiladis, 1999: Convectively coupled equatorial waves: Analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber-frequency domain. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 374-399.
30. _, _, and P. J. Webster, 2000: Large-scale dynamical fields associated with convectively coupled equatorial waves. J. Atmos. Sci., in press.
31. Yang, G.-Y., 1997: Propagation of nonstationary Rossby waves and extratropical-tropical interaction. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading, 200 pp. [Available from Main Library, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.]
32. _, and B. J. Hoskins, 1996: Propagation of Rossby waves of nonzero frequency. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2365-2378.
33. Zangvil, A., 1975: Temporal and spatial behavior of large-scale disturbances in tropical cloudiness deduced from satellite brightness data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 904-920.
34. _, and M. Yanai, 1981: Upper tropospheric waves in the Tropics. Part II: Association with clouds in the wavenumber-frequency domain. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 939-953.
35. Zhang, C., 1993: Laterally forced equatorial perturbations in a linear model. Part II: Mobile forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 807-821.
36. _, and P. J. Webster, 1992: Laterally forced equatorial perturbations in a linear model. Part I: Stationary transient forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 585-607.