The replacement series

Journal of Ecology

Volumn 88, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 371-385

  Jolliffe, Peter A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Additive series; Competition; Experimental design; Interference; Niche differentiation; Response surface

Indexed keywords

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REPLACEMENT SERIES;

ANALYTICAL METHOD; INTERFERENCE COMPETITION; NICHE PARTITIONING; PRODUCTIVITY; RESOURCE USE;

EID: 0034086391     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00470.x     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Aarssen, L. (1985) Interpretation of the evolutionary consequences of competition in plants: an experimental approach. Oikos, 45, 99-109.
2. Aarssen, L. (1997) On the progress of ecology. Oikos, 80, 177-178.
3. Aberg, E., Johnson, I.J. & Wilsie, C.D. (1943) Associations between species of grasses and legumes. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy, 35, 357-369.
4. Akey, W.C., Jurik, T.W. & Dekker, J. (1991) A replacement series evaluation of competition between velvet-leaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and soybean (Glycine max). Weed Research, 31, 63-72.
5. Austin, M.P. (1982) Use of a relative physiological performance value in the prediction of performance in multi-species mixtures from monoculture performance. Journal of Ecology, 70, 559-570.
6. Austin, M.P. & Austin, B.O. (1980) Behaviour of experimental plant communities along a nutrient gradient. Journal of Ecology, 68, 891-918.
7. Austin, M.P., Fresco, L.F.M., Nicholls, A.O., Groves, R.H. & Kaye, P.E. (1988) Competition and relative yield estimation and interpretation at different densities and under various nutrient concentrations. Journal of Ecology, 76, 157-171.
8. Baeumer, K. & de Wit, C.T. (1968) Competitive interference of plant species in monocultures and mixed stands. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 16, 103-122.
9. van den Bergh, J.P. (1968) An analysis of yields of grasses in mixed and pure stands. Agricultural Research Reports, 714, 1-71. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
10. Black, J.N. (1958) Competition between plants of different initial seed sizes in swards of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) with particular reference to leaf area and the light microclimate. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 9, 299-318.
11. Blackshaw, R.E. & Schaalje, G.B. (1993) Density and species proportion effects on interference between redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium) and round-leaved mallow (Malva pusilla). Weed Science, 41, 594-599.
12. Connolly, J. (1986) On difficulties with replacement series methodology in mixture experiments. Journal of Applied Ecology, 23, 125-137.
13. Connolly, J. (1987) On the use of response models in mixture experiments. Oecologia, 72, 95-103.
14. Connolly, J. (1988) What is wrong with replacement series. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 3, 24-26.
15. Connolly, J. (1997) Substitutive experiments and the evidence for competitive hierarchies in plant communities. Oikos, 80, 179-184.
16. Connolly, J. & Nolan, T. (1976) Design and analysis of mixed grazing experiments. Animal Production. 23, 63-71.
17. Connolly, J. & Wayne, P. (1996) Asymmetric competition between plant species. Oecologia, 108, 311-320.
18. Connolly, J., Wayne, P. & Murray, R. (1990) Time course of plant-plant interactions in experimental mixtures of annuals - density, frequency and nutrient effects. Oecologia, 82, 513-526.
19. Cousens, R. (1991) Aspects of the design and interpretation of competition (interference) experiments. Weed Technology, 5, 664-673.
20. Cousens, R. (1996) Design and interpretation of interference studies: are some methods totally unacceptable? New Zealand Journal of Forest Science, 26, 5-18.
21. Cousens, R. & O'Neill, M. (1993) Density-dependence of replacement series experiments. Oikos, 66, 347-352.
22. DeBenedictis, P.A. (1977) The meaning and measurement of frequency-dependent competition. Ecology, 58, 158-166.
23. DiTommaso, A., Watson, A.K. & Hallett, S.G. (1996) Infection by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum coccodes affects velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)-soybean competition in the field. Weed Science, 44, 924-933.
24. Elberse, W.Th. & de Kruyf, H.N. (1979) Competition between Hordeum vulgare L. & Chenopodium album L. with different dates of emergence of Chenopodium album. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 27, 13-26.
25. Federer, W.T. (1993) Statistical Design and Analysis for Intercropping Experiments, Vol. 1: Two Crops. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
26. Finney, D.J. (1990) Intercropping experiments, statistical analysis, and agricultural practice. Experimental Agriculture, 26, 73-81.
27. Firbank, L.G. & Watkinson, A.R. (1985) On the analysis of competition within two-species mixtures of plants. Journal of Applied Ecology, 22, 503-517.
28. Firbank, L.G. & Watkinson, A.R. (1989) Plant competition. Nature, 337, 122.
29. Firbank, L.G. & Watkinson, A.R. (1990) On the effects of competition: from monocultures to mixtures. Perspectives on Plant Competition (eds J.B. Grace & D. Tilman), pp. 165-92. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
30. Fowler, N. (1982) Competition and coexistence in a North Carolina grassland. III. Mixtures of component species. Journal of Ecology, 70, 77-92.
31. Freckleton, R.P. & Watkinson, A.R. (1999) The mis-measurement of plant competition. Functional Ecology, 13, 285-287.
32. Garnier, E., Navas, M.-L., Austin, M.P., Lilley, J.M. & Gifford, R.M. (1997) A problem for biodiversity-ecology studies: how to compare the productivity of multi-specific plant mixtures to that of monocultures? Acta Oecologica, 18, 657-670.
33. Gibson, D.J., Connolly, J., Hartnett, D.C. & Weidenhamer, D. (1999) Designs for greenhouse studies of interactions between plants. Journal of Ecology, 87, 1-16.
34. Gilliver, B. & Pearce, S.C. (1983) A graphical assessment of data from intercropping factorial experiments. Experimental Agriculture, 19, 23-31.
35. Goldberg, D.E. & Barton, A.M. (1992) Patterns and consequences of interspecific competition in natural communities: a review of field experiments with plants. American Naturalist, 139, 771-801.
36. Goldberg, D.E. & Werner, P.A. (1983) Equivalence of competitors in plant communities: a null hypothesis and a field experimental approach. American Journal of Botany, 70, 1098-1104.
37. Grace, J.B. (1995) On the measurement of plant competition intensity. Ecology, 76, 305-308.
38. Grace, J.B., Keough, J. & Guntenspergen, G.R. (1992) Size bias in traditional analyses of substitutive competition experiments. Oecologia, 90, 429-434.
39. Gurevitch, J., Wilson, P., Stone, J.L., Teese, P. & Stoutenburgh, R.J. (1990) Competition among old-field perennials at different levels of soil fertility and available space. Journal of Ecology, 78, 727-744.
40. Harper, J.L. (1961) Approaches to the study of plant competition. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 15, 1-39.
41. Harper, J.L. (1977) Plant Population Biology. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
42. Hector, A. (1998) The effect of diversity on productivity: detecting the role of species complementarity. Oikos, 82, 597-599.
43. Herben, T. & Krahulec, F. (1990) Competitive hierarchies, reversals of rank order and the de Wit approach: are they compatible? Oikos, 58, 254-256.
44. Hetrick, B.A.D., Hartnett, D.C., Wilson, G.W.T. & Gibson, D.J. (1994) Effects of mycorrhizae, phosphorus availability, and plant density on yield relationships among competing tallgrass prairie grasses. Canadian Journal of Botany, 72, 168-176.
45. Hill, J. & Shiamoto, Y. (1973) Methods of analyzing competition with special reference to herbage plants. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge), 81, 77-89.
46. Hutchings, M.J. & Budd, C.J. (1981) Plant competition and its course through time. Bioscience, 31, 640-645.
47. Inouye, R.S. & Schaffer, W.M. (1981) On the ecological meaning of ratio (de Wit) diagrams in plant ecology. Ecology, 62, 1679-1681.
48. International Rice Research Institute (1974) Annual Report, 1973. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, The Phillipines.
49. Jasienski, M. & Bazzaz, F.A. (1999) The fallacy of ratios and the testability of models in biology. Oikos, 84, 321-326.
50. Jolliffe, P.A. (1997) Are mixed populations of plant species more productive than pure stands? Oikos, 80, 595-602.
51. Jolliffe, P.A., Minjas, A.N. & Runeckles, V.C. (1984) A reinterpretation of yield relationships in replacement series experiments. Journal of Applied Ecology, 21, 227-243.
52. Jolliffe, P.A. & Wanjau, F.W. (1999) Competition and productivity in crop mixtures: some properties of productive intercrops. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge), 132, 425-435.
53. Keddy, P.A. & Shipley, B. (1989) Competitive hierarchies in herbaceous plant communities. Oikos, 54, 234-241.
54. Keddy, P.A., Twolan-Strutt, L. & Wisheu, I.C. (1994) Competitive effect and response rankings in 20 wetland plants: are they consistent across three environments? Journal of Ecology, 82, 635-643.
55. Khan, M.A., Putwain, P.D. & Bradshaw, A.D. (1975) Population interrelationships. 2. Frequency-dependent fitness in Linum. Heredity, 34, 145-163.
56. Law, R. & Watkinson, A.R. (1987) Response-surface analysis of two-species competition: an experiment on Phleum arenarium and Vulpia fasciculata. Journal of Ecology, 75, 871-886.
57. Li, B. & Hara, T. (1999) On the relative yield of plants in a two-species mixture. Oikos, 85, 170-176.
58. Loreau, M. (1998) Separating sampling and other effects in biodiversity experiments. Oikos, 82, 600-603.
59. Machin, D. & Sanderson, B. (1977) Computing maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters of the de Wit competition model. Applied Statistics, 26, 1-8.
60. Marshall, D.R. & Jain, S.K. (1969) Interference in pure and mixed populations of Avena fatua and A. barbata. Journal of Ecology, 57, 251-270.
61. McGilchrist, C.A. & Trenbath, B.R. (1971) A revised analysis of plant competition experiments. Biometrics, 27, 659-671.
62. Mead, R. (1979) Competition experiments. Biometrics, 35, 41-54.
63. Mead, R. (1986) Statistical methods for multiple cropping. Multiple Cropping Systems (ed. C.A. Francis), pp. 317-350. MacMillan, New York.
64. Mead, R. & Riley, J. (1981) A review of statistical ideas relevant to intercropping research. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 144, 462-509.
65. Mead, R. & Willey, R.W. (1980) The concept of a 'land equivalent ratio' and advantages in yields from intercropping. Experimental Agriculture, 16, 217-228.
66. Menchaca, L. & Connolly, J. (1990) Species interference in white clover ryegrass mixtures. Journal of Ecology, 78, 223-232.
67. O'Donovan, J.T. (1996) Weed economic thresholds: useful agronomic tool or pipe dream? Phytoprotection, 77, 13-28.
68. Pantone, D.J. & Baker, J.B. (1991) Reciprocal yield analysis of red rice (Oryza saliva) competition in cultivated rice. Weed Science, 39, 42-47.
69. Pilbeam, C.J., Okalebo, J.R., Simmonds, L.P. & Gathua, K.W. (1994) Analysis of maize-common bean intercrops in semi-arid Kenya. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge), 123, 191-198.
70. Radosevich, S.R. (1987) Methods to study interactions among crops and weeds. Weed Technology, 1, 190-198.
71. Rejmanek, M., Robinson, G.R. & Rejmankova, E. (1989) Weed-crop competition: experimental designs and models for data analysis. Weed Science, 37, 276-284.
72. Rodriguez, D.J. (1997) A method to study competition dynamics using de Wit replacement series experiments. Oikos, 78, 411-415.
73. Roush, M.L. & Radosevich, S.R. (1985) Relationships between growth and competitiveness of four annual weeds. Journal of Applied Ecology, 22, 895-905.
74. Roush, M.L., Radosevich, S.R., Wagner, R.G., Maxwell, B.D. & Petersen, T.D. (1989) A comparison of methods for measuring effects of density and proportion in plant competition experiments. Weed Science, 37, 268-275.
75. Sackville Hamilton, N.R. (1994) Replacement and additive designs for plant competition studies. Journal of Applied Ecology, 31, 599-603.
76. Shipley, B. & Keddy, P.A. (1994) Evaluating the evidence for competitive hierarchies in plant communities. Oikos, 69, 340-345.
77. Silvertown, J. (1989) Plant competition. Nature, 337, 122-123.
78. Silvertown, J. & Dale, P. (1991) Competitive hierarchies and the structure of herbaceous plant communities. Oikos, 61, 441-444.
79. Snaydon, R.W. (1991) Replacement or additive designs for competition studies. Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 930-946.
80. Snaydon, R.W. (1994) Replacement and additive designs revisited: comments on the review paper by N. R. Sackville Hamilton. Journal of Applied Ecology, 31, 784-786.
81. Spitters, C.J.T. (1983) An alternative approach to the analysis of mixed cropping experiments. I. Estimation of competition effects. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Research, 31, 1-11.
82. Taylor, D.R. & Aarssen, L.W. (1989) On the density dependence of replacement-series experiments. Journal of Ecology, 77, 975-988.
83. Thomas, V.J. (1970) A mathematical approach to fitting parameters in a competition model. Journal of Applied Ecology, 7, 487-496.
84. Tilman, D. (1990) Mechanisms of plant competition for nutrients: the elements of a predictive theory of competition. Perspectives on Plant Competition (eds J.B. Grace & D. Tilman), pp. 117-41. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
85. Trenbath, B.R. (1974) The biomass productivity of mixtures. Advances in Agronomy, 26, 177-210.
86. Trenbath, B.R. (1976) Plant interactions in mixed crop communities. Multiple Cropping. American Society of Agronomy. Special Publication, 27, 129-169.
87. Turkington, R.A. & Jolliffe, P.A. (1996) Interference in Trifolium repens - Lolium perenne mixtures: short- and long-term relationships. Journal of Ecology, 84, 563-571.
88. Vandermeer, J. (1989) The Ecology of Intercropping. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
89. Wardle, D.A. & Parkinson, D. (1992) The influence of the herbicide glyphosate on interspecific interactions between four fungal species. Mycological Research, 96, 180-186.
90. Watkinson, A.R. & Freckleton, R.P. (1997) Quantifying the impact of arbuscular mycorrhiza on plant competition. Journal of Ecology, 85, 541-545.
91. Weidenhamer, J.D. (1996) Distinguishing resource competition and chemical interference: overcoming the methodological impasse. Agronomy Journal, 88, 866-875.
92. Weiner, J. (1980) The effects of plant density, species proportion and potassium-phosphorus fertilization on interference between Triticum incarnatum and Lolium multiflorum with limited nitrogen supply. Journal of Ecology, 68, 969-979.
93. Weiner, J. (1995) On the practice of ecology. Journal of Ecology, 83, 153-158.
94. Weiner, J., Wright, D.B. & Castro, S. (1997) Symmetry of below-ground competition between Kochia scoparia individuals. Oikos, 79, 85-91.
95. Willey, R.W. (1979) Intercropping its importance and research needs. Part I. Competition and yield advantages. Field Crops Abstracts, 32, 1-10.
96. Willey, R.W. (1985) Evaluation and presentation of intercropping advantages. Experimental Agriculture, 21, 119-133.
97. Willey, R.W. & Rao, M.R. (1980) A competitive ratio for quantifying competition between intercrops. Experimental Agriculture, 16, 117-125.
98. Wilson, J.B. (1988a) Shoot competition and root competition. Journal of Applied Ecology, 25, 279-296.
99. Wilson, J.B. (1988b) The effect of initial advantage on the course of plant competition. Oikos, 51, 19-24.
100. de Wit, C.T. (1960) On competition. Verslagen Landbouwkundige Onderzoekingen, 66, 1-82.
101. de Wit, C.T. (1961) Space relationships within populations of one or more species. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 15, 314-329.
102. de Wit, C.T. & van den Bergh, J.P. (1965) Competition between herbage plants. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 13, 212-221.
103. de Wit, C.T., Tow, P.G. & Ennik, G.C. (1966) Competition between legumes and grasses. Agricultural Research Reports 687. Centre for Agricultural Publications and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
104. Wu, K.K. & Jain, S.K. (1979) Population regulation in Bromus rubens and B. mollis: life cycle components and competition. Oecologia, 39, 337-357.
105. Yates, F. & Dutton, S.J. (1988) A simple procedure for the analysis of experiments on mixtures of varieties of species of agronomic interest. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge), 110, 13-24.