Retrieval of ice cloud parameters using a microwave imaging radiometer

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 57, Issue 8, 2000, Pages 1069-1081

  Weng, Fuzhong ^a   Grody, Norman C ^a  

^a OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FREQUENCIES; GEOMETRICAL OPTICS; ICE; INFRARED DEVICES; MILLIMETER WAVE DEVICES; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; RADAR MEASUREMENT; RADIOMETERS; REMOTE SENSING;

ICE CLOUD; ICE WATER PATH; MICROWAVE IMAGING RADIOMETER; MICROWAVE RADIANCE; MILLIMETER WAVE IMAGING RADIOMETER; PARTICLE BULK DENSITY; PARTICLE EFFECTIVE DIAMETER; RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY;

CLOUDS;

CLOUD; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; ICE; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; RADIATIVE TRANSFER;

EID: 0034085189     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1069:ROICPU>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Adler, R. F., R. A. Mack, N. Prasad, H.-Y. M. Yeh, and I. M. Hakkarinen, 1990: Aircraft microwave observations and simulations of deep convection from 18 to 183 GHz. Part I: Observations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 377-391.
2. Arkin, P. A., and B. N. Meisner, 1987: The relationship between large-scale convective rainfall and cold cloud cover over the western hemisphere during 1982-84. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 51-74.
3. Atlas, D., S. Y. Matrosov, A. J. Heymsfield, M.-D. Chou, and D. Wolff, 1995: Radar and radiation properties of ice clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2329-2345.
4. Brown, P. R., and P. N. Francis, 1995: Improved measurements of the ice water content in cirrus using a total-water probe. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 410-414.
5. _, A. J. Illingworth, A. J. Heymsfield, G. M. McFarquhar, K. A. Browning, and M. Gosset, 1995: The role of spaceborne millimeter-wave radar in the global monitoring of ice cloud. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2346-2366.
6. Cotton, W. R., and R. A. Anthes, 1989: The parameterization or modeling of microphysical processes in clouds. Storm and Cloud Dynamics, Academic Press, 106-112.
7. Evans, F. K., and G. L. Stephens, 1995a: Microwave radiative transfer through clouds composed of realistically shaped ice crystals. Part I: Single scattering properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2041-2057.
8. _, and _, 1995b: Microwave radiative transfer through clouds composed of realistically shaped ice crystals. Part II: Remote sensing of ice clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2058-2072.
9. Gasiewski, A. J., 1992: Numerical sensitivity analysis of passive EHF and SMMW channels to tropospheric water vapor, clouds and precipitation. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 30, 859-870.
10. Grody, N. C., 1991: Classification of snow cover and precipitation using Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). J. Geophys. Res., 96, 7423-7435.
11. Hakkarinen, I. M., and R. F. Adler, 1988: Observations of convective precipitation at 92 and 183 GHz: Aircraft results. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 38, 164-182.
12. Heymsfield, A. J., and C. M. R. Platt, 1984: A parameterization of the particle size spectrum of ice clouds in terms of the ambient temperature and the ice water content. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 846-855.
13. Heymsfield, G. M., I. J. Caylor, I. M. Shepherd, and W. B. Olson, 1996: Structure of Florida thunderstorms using high-altitude aircraft radiometer and radar observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 1736-1762.
14. Hobbs, P. V., L. F. Radke, and D. G. Atkinson, 1975: Airborne measurements and observations in cirrus clouds. Tech. Rep. AFCRLTR-75-0249. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory. Hanscom AFB, MA, 117 pp.
15. Houze, R. A., Jr., 1989: Observed structure of mesoscale convective systems and implications for large-scale heating. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115, 425-461.
16. Illingworth, A. J., 1994: Spaceborne cloud radar: Sampling and retrievals. Workshop on Cloud Profiling Radar: Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment, Publ. Series 10, World Climate Research Programme, International GEWEX Program Office, B48-B53.
17. Knollenberg, R. G., 1970: The optical array: An alternative to scattering and extinction for airborne particle size determination measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 9, 86-103.
18. Kummerow, C., 1993: On the accuracy of the Eddington approximation for radiative transfer in the microwave frequencies. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 2757-2765.
19. Liou, K. N., 1992: Radiation and Cloud Processes in the Atmosphere. Oxford University Press, 119 pp.
20. Mugnai, A., and E. A. Smith, 1988: Radiative transfer to space through a precipitating cloud at multiple microwave frequencies. Part I: Model description. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 1074-1091.
21. _, H. J. Cooper, E. A. Smith, and G. J. Tripoli, 1990: Simulation of microwave brightness temperatures of an evolving hailstorm at SSM/I frequencies. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 2-13.
22. Racette, P., R. F. Adler, A. J. Gasiewski, D. M. Jackson, J. R. Wang, and D.S. Zacharias, 1996: An airborne millimeter-wave imaging radiometer for cloud, precipitation, and atmospheric water vapor studies. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 13, 610-619.
23. Rossow, W. B., and R. A. Schiffer, 1991: ISCCP cloud data products. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 2-20.
24. Sauvageot, H., 1996: Retrieval of vertical profiles of liquid water and ice content in mixed clouds from Doppler radar and microwave radiometer measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 14-23.
25. Smith, E. A., and A. Mugnai, 1988: Radiative transfer to space through a precipitating cloud at multiple microwave frequencies. Part II: Results and analysis. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 1074-1091.
26. Spencer, R. W., H. M. Goodman, and R. E. Hood, 1989: Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean with the SSM/I. Part I: Identification and characteristics of the scattering signals. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 254-273.
27. Vivekanadan, J., J. Turk, and V. N. Bringi, 1991: Ice water path estimation and characterization using possible microwave radiometry. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 1407-1421.
28. Ulbrich, C. W., 1983: Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1764-1775.
29. Wang, J. R., J. Zhan, and P. Racette, 1997: Storm-associated microwave radiometer signatures in the frequency range of 90-220 GHz. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 13-31.
30. Weinman, J. A., and J. L. Schols, 1992: A model to retrieve precipitation rate profiles from airborne radar and radiometer measurements. Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications, E. R. Westwater. Ed., National Technical Information Service, 460-466.
31. Weng, F., 1992: A multi-layer discrete-ordinate method for vector radiative transfer in a vertically-inhomogeneous, emitting and scattering atmosphere - I. Theory. J. Quant. Spec. Radiat. Trans., 47, 19-33.
32. _, and N. C. Grody, 1994: Retrieval of liquid and ice water content in atmosphere using SSM/I. Microwave Radiometer and Remote Sensing of Environment, D. Solminili, Ed., VSP, 281-295.
33. Wilheit, T. T., and Coauthors, 1982: Microwave radiometric observations near 19.35, 92 and 183 GHz of precipitation in tropical storm Cora. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 1137-1145.
34. Wu, R., and J. A. Weinman, 1984: Microwave radiances from precipitating clouds containing aspherical ice, combined phase, and liquid hydrometeors. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7170-7178.