Passive energy return after repeated stretches of the hamstring muscle- tendon unit

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 32, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 1160-1164

  Magnusson, S Peter ^a   Aagaard, Per ^a   Nielson, Johnny Juul ^a  

^a BISPEBJERG HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

Author keywords

FLEXIBILITY; STATIC STRETCH; VISCOELASTIC

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; EXERCISE; HAMSTRING; HUMAN; MALE; MUSCLE STRETCHING; NORMAL HUMAN; TENDON; VISCOELASTICITY;

EID: 0034080587     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200006000-00020     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. ANDERSON, B., and E. R. BURKE. Scientific, medical, and practical aspects of stretching. Clin. Sports Med. 10:63-86, 1991.
2. BANDY, W. D., and J. M. IRION. The effect of time on static stretch on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Phys. Ther. 74:845-850, 1994.
3. BEST, T. M., J. MCELHANEY, W. E. J. GARRETT, and B. S. MYERS. Characterization of the passive responses of live skeletal muscle using the quasi-linear theory of viscoelasticity. J. Biomech. 27: 413-419, 1994.
4. BORG, T. K., and J. B. CAULFIELD. Morphology of connective tissue in skeletal muscle. Tissue Cell 12:197-207, 1980.
5. BUCHTHAL, F., and E. KAISER. The Rheology of the Cross Striated Muscle Fibre: With Particular Reference to Isotonic Conditions. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1951, pp. 38-63.
6. BUTLER, D. L., E. S. GROOD, and F. R. NOYES. Biomechanics of ligaments and tendons. In: Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews, R. S. Hutton (Ed.). Philadelphia: Franklin Institute, 1978, pp. 125-181.
7. CHESWORTH, B. M., and A. A. VANDERVOORT. Age and passive ankle stiffness in healthy women. Phys. Ther. 69:217-224, 1989.
8. CORBIN, C. B., and L. NOBLE. Flexibility: a major component of physical fitness. J. Phys. Educ. Rec. 6:23-60, 1980.
9. ETNYRE, B. R., and E. J. LEE. Comments on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching techniques. Res. Q. 58:184-188, 1987.
10. GAJDOSIK, R. L. Flexibility or muscle length? (Letter; Comment). Phys. Ther 75:238-239, 1995.
11. GAJDOSIK, R. L., and R. W. BOHANNON. Clinical measurement of range of motion: review of goniometry emphasizing reliability and validity. Phys. Ther 67:1867-1872, 1987.
12. GLEIM, G. W., N. S. STACHENFELD, and J. A. NICHOLAS. The influence of flexibility on the economy of walking and jogging. J. Orthop. Res 8:814-823, 1990.
13. HALBERTSMA, J. P. K., and L. N. H. GOEKEN. Stretching exercises: effect on passive extensibility and stiffness in short hamstring of healthy subjects. Arch Phys. Med. Rehabil. 75:976-981, 1994.
14. HERBERT, R. D., and J. CROSBIE. Rest length and compliance of non-immobilised and immobilised rabbit soleus muscle and tendon. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 76:472-479, 1997.
15. HOROWITS, R., and R. J. PODOLSKY. The positional stability of thick filaments in activated skeletal muscle depends on sarcomere length: evidence for the role of titin filaments. J. Cell Biol. 105:2217-2223, 1987.
16. JOHNS, R. J., and V. WRIGHT. Relative importance of various tissues in joint stiffness. J. Appl. Physiol. 17:824-828, 1962.
17. LIEBER, R. L., M. E. LEONARD, C. G. BROWN, and C. L. TRESTIK. Frog semitendinosis tendon load-strain and stress-strain properties during passive loading. Am. J. Physiol. 261:C86-C92 1991.
18. MAGNUSSON, S. P., P. AAGARD, E. SIMONSEN, and F. BOISEN-MOLLER. A biomechanical evaluation of cyclic and static stretch in human skeletal muscle. Int. J. Sports Med 19:310-316, 1998.
19. MAGNUSSON, S. P., E. B. SIMONSEN, P. AAGAARD, J. BOESEN, and M. KJAER. Determinants of musculoskeletal flexibility: viscoelastic properties, cross-sectional area, EMG and stretch tolerance. Scand J. Med. Sci. Sports 7:195-202, 1997.
20. MAGNUSSON, S. P., E. B. SIMONSEN, P. AAGAARD, P. DYHRE-POULSEN, M. P. MCHUGH, and M. KJAER. Mechanical and physiological responses to stretching with and without preisometric contraction in human skeletal muscle. Arch Phys. Med. Rehab 77:373-378, 1996.
21. MAGNUSSON, S. P., E. B. SIMONSEN, P. AAGAARD, G. W. GLEIM, M. P. MCHUGH, and M. KJAER. Viscoelastic response to repeated static stretching in human skeletal muscle. Scand J. Med. Sci. Sport 5:342-347, 1995.
22. MAGNUSSON, S. P., E. B. SIMONSEN, P. AAGAARD, and M. KJAER. Biomechanical responses to repeated stretches in human hamstring muscle in vivo. Am. J. Sports Med. 24:622-628, 1996.
23. MAGNUSSON, S. P., E. B. SIMONSEN, P. AAGAARD, H. SORENSEN, and M. KJAER. A mechanism for altered flexibility in human skeletal muscle. J. Physiol. 497:291-298, 1996.
24. MAGNUSSON, S. P., E. B. SIMONSEN, P. DYHRE-POULSEN, P. AAGAARD, T. MOHR, and M. KJAER. Viscoelastic stress relaxation during static stretch in human skeletal muscle in the absence of EMG activity. Scand J. Med. Sci. Sport 6:323-328, 1996.
25. MARINO, M. Current concepts on rehabilitation in sports medicine: research and clinical interrelationship. In: The Lower Extremity and Spine in Sports Medicine, J. A. Nicholas and E. B. Hershman (Eds.). St Louis: Mosby, 1986, p. 164.
26. MARUYAMA, K., R. NATORI, and Y. NONOMURA. New elastic protein from muscle. Nature 262:58-60, 1976.
27. PURSLOW, P. P. Strain-induced reorientation of an intramuscular connective tissue network: implications for passive muscle elasticity. J. Biomech. 22:21-31, 1989.
28. RIGBY, B. J., N. HIRAI, J. D. SPIKES, and H. EYRING. The mechanical properties of rat tail tendon. J. Gen Physiol. 43:265-283, 1959.
29. SAFRAN, M. R., W. E. GARRETT, A. V. SEABER, R. R. GLISSON, and B. M. RIBBECK. The role of warmup in muscular injury prevention. Am. J. Sports Med. 16:123-129, 1988.
30. SOLVEBORN, S. A. The book about stretching. Ystad: SolveBok, 1982.
31. STRICKLER, T., T. MALONE, and W. E. GARRETT. The effects of passive warming on muscle injury. Am. J. Sports Med. 18:141-145, 1990.
32. TAYLOR, D. C., J. D. DALTON, JR., A. V. SEABER, and W. E. J. GARRETT. Viscoelastic properties of muscle-tendon units: the biomechanical effects of stretching. Am. J. Sports Med. 18:300-309, 1990.
33. VIIDIK, A. Functional properties of collagenous tissues (Review). Int. Rev. Connect. Tissue Res 6:127-215, 1973.
34. WOO, S. L., M. A. GOMEZ, and W. H. AKESON. The time and history-dependent viscoelastic properties of the canine medical collateral ligament. J. Biomech. Eng. 103:293-298, 1981.