메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 669-686

Cryo-scanning electron microscopic study on freezing behavior of xylem ray parenchyma cells in hardwood species

Author keywords

Cell wall organization; Cold acclimation; Cryo scanning electron microscope; Deep supercooling; Extracellular freezing; Hardwood species; Xylem ray parenchyma cells

Indexed keywords


EID: 0034080363     PISSN: 09684328     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0968-4328(99)00103-1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (68)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 0030458435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of a 60-kD dehydrin protein in peach xylem tissues and its relationship to cold acclimation
    • Arora R., Wisniewski M. Accumulation of a 60-kD dehydrin protein in peach xylem tissues and its relationship to cold acclimation. HortScience. 31:1996;923-925.
    • (1996) HortScience , vol.31 , pp. 923-925
    • Arora, R.1    Wisniewski, M.2
  • 3
    • 0001758895 scopus 로고
    • Response of fruit tree tissues to freezing temperatures
    • Ashworth E.N., Wisniewski M.E. Response of fruit tree tissues to freezing temperatures. HortScience. 26:1991;501-504.
    • (1991) HortScience , vol.26 , pp. 501-504
    • Ashworth, E.N.1    Wisniewski, M.E.2
  • 6
    • 0003185223 scopus 로고
    • Origin of deciduous and evergreen habitats in temperature forests
    • Axelrod D.I. Origin of deciduous and evergreen habitats in temperature forests. Evolution. 20:1966;1-15.
    • (1966) Evolution , vol.20 , pp. 1-15
    • Axelrod, D.I.1
  • 7
    • 0346792873 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of freezing tolerance in cultured plant cells and their respective protoplasts
    • Bartolo M.E., Wallner S.J., Ketchum R.E. Comparison of freezing tolerance in cultured plant cells and their respective protoplasts. Cryobiology. 24:1987;53-57.
    • (1987) Cryobiology , vol.24 , pp. 53-57
    • Bartolo, M.E.1    Wallner, S.J.2    Ketchum, R.E.3
  • 8
    • 0000884752 scopus 로고
    • Deep undercooling of tissue water and winter hardiness limitations in timberline flora
    • Becwar M.R., Rajashekar C., Hansen Bristow K.J., Burke M.J. Deep undercooling of tissue water and winter hardiness limitations in timberline flora. Plant Physiology. 68:1981;111-114.
    • (1981) Plant Physiology , vol.68 , pp. 111-114
    • Becwar, M.R.1    Rajashekar, C.2    Hansen Bristow, K.J.3    Burke, M.J.4
  • 10
    • 0000976492 scopus 로고
    • Feruloylated pectins from the primary cell wall: Their structure and possible functions
    • Fry S.C. Feruloylated pectins from the primary cell wall: their structure and possible functions. Planta. 157:1983;111-123.
    • (1983) Planta , vol.157 , pp. 111-123
    • Fry, S.C.1
  • 11
    • 0000042012 scopus 로고
    • The layered structure of ray parenchyma secondary wall in the wood of 49 Japanese angiosperm species
    • Fujii T., Harada H., Saiki H. The layered structure of ray parenchyma secondary wall in the wood of 49 Japanese angiosperm species. Mokuzai-Gakkaishi. 25:1979;251-257.
    • (1979) Mokuzai-Gakkaishi , vol.25 , pp. 251-257
    • Fujii, T.1    Harada, H.2    Saiki, H.3
  • 12
    • 0024179095 scopus 로고
    • Artificial biological membrane ultrastructural changes caused by freezing
    • Fujikawa S. Artificial biological membrane ultrastructural changes caused by freezing. Electron Microscopy Reviews. 1:1988;113-140.
    • (1988) Electron Microscopy Reviews , vol.1 , pp. 113-140
    • Fujikawa, S.1
  • 13
    • 0025329367 scopus 로고
    • Cryo-scanning electron microscope and freeze-replica study on the occurrence of slow freezing injury
    • Fujikawa S. Cryo-scanning electron microscope and freeze-replica study on the occurrence of slow freezing injury. Journal of Electron Microscopy. 39:1990;80-85.
    • (1990) Journal of Electron Microscopy , vol.39 , pp. 80-85
    • Fujikawa, S.1
  • 15
    • 0027947283 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal ultrastructural alterations in the plasma membrane produced by slow freezing in cortical tissues of mulberry (Morus bombycis Koidz. cv. Goroji)
    • Fujikawa S. Seasonal ultrastructural alterations in the plasma membrane produced by slow freezing in cortical tissues of mulberry (Morus bombycis Koidz. cv. Goroji). Trees. 8:1994;288-296.
    • (1994) Trees , vol.8 , pp. 288-296
    • Fujikawa, S.1
  • 16
    • 0028112241 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural studies of intracellular freezing: Diversity of alterations in the plasma membrane upon freezing, thawing and recooling
    • Fujikawa S. Ultrastructural studies of intracellular freezing: diversity of alterations in the plasma membrane upon freezing, thawing and recooling. Cryo-Letters. 15:1994;223-234.
    • (1994) Cryo-Letters , vol.15 , pp. 223-234
    • Fujikawa, S.1
  • 17
    • 0013558772 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of ray parenchyma cell walls of softwood
    • Fujikawa S., Ishida S. Ultrastructure of ray parenchyma cell walls of softwood. Mokuzai-Gakkaishi. 21:1975;445-456.
    • (1975) Mokuzai-Gakkaishi , vol.21 , pp. 445-456
    • Fujikawa, S.1    Ishida, S.2
  • 18
    • 0002144164 scopus 로고
    • Plasma membrane ultrastructural changes by mechanical stress in the formation of extracellular ice as a primary cause of slow freezing injury in fruit-bodies of basidiomycetes (Lyophyllum ulmarium (Fr.) Kuhner)
    • Fujikawa S., Miura K. Plasma membrane ultrastructural changes by mechanical stress in the formation of extracellular ice as a primary cause of slow freezing injury in fruit-bodies of basidiomycetes (Lyophyllum ulmarium (Fr.) Kuhner). Cryobiology. 23:1986;371-382.
    • (1986) Cryobiology , vol.23 , pp. 371-382
    • Fujikawa, S.1    Miura, K.2
  • 19
    • 0030040030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of multiplex lamellae by equilibrium slow freezing of cortical parenchyma cells of mulberry and its possible relationship to freezing tolerance
    • Fujikawa S., Takabe K. Formation of multiplex lamellae by equilibrium slow freezing of cortical parenchyma cells of mulberry and its possible relationship to freezing tolerance. Protoplasma. 190:1996;189-203.
    • (1996) Protoplasma , vol.190 , pp. 189-203
    • Fujikawa, S.1    Takabe, K.2
  • 20
    • 0024211589 scopus 로고
    • Continuous observation of frozen biological materials with cryo-scanning electron microscope and freeze-replica by a new cryo-system
    • Fujikawa S., Suzuki T., Ishikawa T., Sakurai S., Hasegawa Y. Continuous observation of frozen biological materials with cryo-scanning electron microscope and freeze-replica by a new cryo-system. Journal of Electron Microscopy. 37:1988;315-322.
    • (1988) Journal of Electron Microscopy , vol.37 , pp. 315-322
    • Fujikawa, S.1    Suzuki, T.2    Ishikawa, T.3    Sakurai, S.4    Hasegawa, Y.5
  • 21
    • 0025234935 scopus 로고
    • Use of micromanipulator for continuous observation of frozen samples by cryoscanning electron microscopy and freeze replicas
    • Fujikawa S., Suzuki T., Sakurai S. Use of micromanipulator for continuous observation of frozen samples by cryoscanning electron microscopy and freeze replicas. Scanning. 12:1990;99-106.
    • (1990) Scanning , vol.12 , pp. 99-106
    • Fujikawa, S.1    Suzuki, T.2    Sakurai, S.3
  • 22
    • 0028025952 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural study of deep supercooling of xylem ray parenchyma cells from Styrax obassia
    • Fujikawa S., Kuroda K., Fukazawa K. Ultrastructural study of deep supercooling of xylem ray parenchyma cells from Styrax obassia. Micron. 25:1994;241-252.
    • (1994) Micron , vol.25 , pp. 241-252
    • Fujikawa, S.1    Kuroda, K.2    Fukazawa, K.3
  • 23
    • 0030158121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in the low-temperature behaviour of xylem ray parenchyma cells in red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) with respect to extracellular freezing and supercooling
    • Fujikawa S., Kuroda K., Ohtani J. Seasonal changes in the low-temperature behaviour of xylem ray parenchyma cells in red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) with respect to extracellular freezing and supercooling. Micron. 27:1996;181-191.
    • (1996) Micron , vol.27 , pp. 181-191
    • Fujikawa, S.1    Kuroda, K.2    Ohtani, J.3
  • 24
    • 0030960083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in dehydration tolerance of xylem ray parenchyma cells of Styrax obassia twigs that survive freezing temperatures by deep supercooling
    • Fujikawa S., Kuroda K., Ohtani J. Seasonal changes in dehydration tolerance of xylem ray parenchyma cells of Styrax obassia twigs that survive freezing temperatures by deep supercooling. Protoplasma. 197:1997;34-44.
    • (1997) Protoplasma , vol.197 , pp. 34-44
    • Fujikawa, S.1    Kuroda, K.2    Ohtani, J.3
  • 25
    • 0033245210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the role of cold acclimation-induced diverse intracellular and extracellular changes in plant cells from the viewpoint of avoidance of freezing injury
    • Fujikawa S., Jitsuyama Y., Kuroda K. Determination of the role of cold acclimation-induced diverse intracellular and extracellular changes in plant cells from the viewpoint of avoidance of freezing injury. Journal of Plant Research. 112:1999;237-244.
    • (1999) Journal of Plant Research , vol.112 , pp. 237-244
    • Fujikawa, S.1    Jitsuyama, Y.2    Kuroda, K.3
  • 26
    • 0032446257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freezing behavior of xylem ray parenchyma cells in softwood species with differences in the organization of cell walls
    • Fujikawa S., Kuroda K., Jitsuyama Y., Sano Y., Ohtani L. Freezing behavior of xylem ray parenchyma cells in softwood species with differences in the organization of cell walls. Protoplasma. 206:1999;31-40.
    • (1999) Protoplasma , vol.206 , pp. 31-40
    • Fujikawa, S.1    Kuroda, K.2    Jitsuyama, Y.3    Sano, Y.4    Ohtani, L.5
  • 27
    • 0000742844 scopus 로고
    • Cold hardiness and deep supercooling in xylem of shagbark hickory
    • George M.F., Burke M.J. Cold hardiness and deep supercooling in xylem of shagbark hickory. Plant Physiology. 59:1977;319-325.
    • (1977) Plant Physiology , vol.59 , pp. 319-325
    • George, M.F.1    Burke, M.J.2
  • 28
    • 0343725854 scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of deep supercooling in cold hardy plants
    • H. Smith. Oxford: Pergamon Press
    • George M.F., Burke M.J. The occurrence of deep supercooling in cold hardy plants. Smith H. Commentaries in Plant Science. 1981;1-14 Pergamon Press, Oxford.
    • (1981) Commentaries in Plant Science , pp. 1-14
    • George, M.F.1    Burke, M.J.2
  • 30
    • 0020413833 scopus 로고
    • Freezing avoidance by deep undercooling of tissue water in winter-hardy plants
    • George M.F., Becwar M.R., Burke M.J. Freezing avoidance by deep undercooling of tissue water in winter-hardy plants. Cryobiology. 19:1982;628-639.
    • (1982) Cryobiology , vol.19 , pp. 628-639
    • George, M.F.1    Becwar, M.R.2    Burke, M.J.3
  • 31
    • 0001165201 scopus 로고
    • Deep undercooling in woody taxa growing north of the -40°C isotherm
    • Gusta L.V., Tyler N.J., Chen T.H.H. Deep undercooling in woody taxa growing north of the -40°C isotherm. Plant Physiology. 72:1983;122-128.
    • (1983) Plant Physiology , vol.72 , pp. 122-128
    • Gusta, L.V.1    Tyler, N.J.2    Chen, T.H.H.3
  • 32
    • 0000454408 scopus 로고
    • Freezing of water in red-osier dogwood stems in relation to cold hardiness
    • Harrison L.C., Weiser C.J., Burke M.J. Freezing of water in red-osier dogwood stems in relation to cold hardiness. Plant Physiology. 62:1978;899-901.
    • (1978) Plant Physiology , vol.62 , pp. 899-901
    • Harrison, L.C.1    Weiser, C.J.2    Burke, M.J.3
  • 33
    • 0002035887 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical changes in leaves of puma rye in response to growth at cold-hardening temperatures
    • Hunter N.P.A., Palta J.P., Li P.H., Carter J.V. Anatomical changes in leaves of puma rye in response to growth at cold-hardening temperatures. Botanical Gazette. 142:1981;55-62.
    • (1981) Botanical Gazette , vol.142 , pp. 55-62
    • Hunter, N.P.A.1    Palta, J.P.2    Li, P.H.3    Carter, J.V.4
  • 34
    • 0002626425 scopus 로고
    • Low temperature exotherms in xylems of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved trees in Japan with reference to freezing resistance and distribution range
    • P.H. Li, & A. Sakai. New York: Academic Press
    • Kaku S., Iwaya M. Low temperature exotherms in xylems of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved trees in Japan with reference to freezing resistance and distribution range. Li P.H., Sakai A. Plant Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress. 1978;227-239 Academic Press, New York.
    • (1978) Plant Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress , pp. 227-239
    • Kaku, S.1    Iwaya, M.2
  • 35
    • 0031868545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient freezing regulates expression of extensin-type genes in winter oilseed rape
    • Kozbial P.Z., Jerzmanowski A., Shirsat A.H., Kacperska A. Transient freezing regulates expression of extensin-type genes in winter oilseed rape. Physiologia Plantarum. 103:1998;264-270.
    • (1998) Physiologia Plantarum , vol.103 , pp. 264-270
    • Kozbial, P.Z.1    Jerzmanowski, A.2    Shirsat, A.H.3    Kacperska, A.4
  • 36
    • 0342855399 scopus 로고
    • Low temperature behaviour of xylem ray parenchyma cells of Morus bombycis
    • in Japanese
    • Kuroda K., Fujikawa S., Ohtani J. Low temperature behaviour of xylem ray parenchyma cells of Morus bombycis. Cryobiology and Cryotechnology. 41:1995;118-121. in Japanese.
    • (1995) Cryobiology and Cryotechnology , vol.41 , pp. 118-121
    • Kuroda, K.1    Fujikawa, S.2    Ohtani, J.3
  • 37
    • 0031417623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supercooling of xylem ray parenchyma cells in tropical and subtropical hardwood species
    • Kuroda K., Ohtani J., Fujikawa S. Supercooling of xylem ray parenchyma cells in tropical and subtropical hardwood species. Trees. 12:1997;97-106.
    • (1997) Trees , vol.12 , pp. 97-106
    • Kuroda, K.1    Ohtani, J.2    Fujikawa, S.3
  • 38
    • 0013309382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes of low temperature behavior of xylem ray parenchyma cells of hardwood species
    • in Japanese
    • Kuroda K., Ohtani J., Fujikawa S. Changes of low temperature behavior of xylem ray parenchyma cells of hardwood species. Cryobiology and Cryotechnology. 43:1997;99-111. in Japanese.
    • (1997) Cryobiology and Cryotechnology , vol.43 , pp. 99-111
    • Kuroda, K.1    Ohtani, J.2    Fujikawa, S.3
  • 39
    • 0032784668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in the freezing behavior of xylem ray parenchyma cells in four boreal hardwood species
    • Kuroda K., Ohtani J., Kubota M., Fujikawa S. Seasonal changes in the freezing behavior of xylem ray parenchyma cells in four boreal hardwood species. Cryobiology. 38:1999;81-88.
    • (1999) Cryobiology , vol.38 , pp. 81-88
    • Kuroda, K.1    Ohtani, J.2    Kubota, M.3    Fujikawa, S.4
  • 41
    • 0001187242 scopus 로고
    • Freezing stress response in woody tissues observed using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy and freeze substitution techniques
    • Malone S., Ashworth E.N. Freezing stress response in woody tissues observed using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy and freeze substitution techniques. Plant Physiology. 95:1991;871-881.
    • (1991) Plant Physiology , vol.95 , pp. 871-881
    • Malone, S.1    Ashworth, E.N.2
  • 42
    • 0242668240 scopus 로고
    • Cryo-SEM observations on vessel lumina of a living tree, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica
    • Ohtani J., Fujikawa S. Cryo-SEM observations on vessel lumina of a living tree, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. IAWA Bulletin. 11:1990;183-194.
    • (1990) IAWA Bulletin , vol.11 , pp. 183-194
    • Ohtani, J.1    Fujikawa, S.2
  • 43
    • 0027546699 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the composition of vitrification media on survival of rabbit embryos
    • Papis K., Fujikawa S., Kojima T., Oguri N. Effects of the composition of vitrification media on survival of rabbit embryos. Cryobiology. 30:1993;98-105.
    • (1993) Cryobiology , vol.30 , pp. 98-105
    • Papis, K.1    Fujikawa, S.2    Kojima, T.3    Oguri, N.4
  • 44
    • 0001615841 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular ice and cell shape in frost-stressed cereal leaves: A low-temperature scanning-electron-microscopy study
    • Pearce R.S. Extracellular ice and cell shape in frost-stressed cereal leaves: a low-temperature scanning-electron-microscopy study. Planta. 175:1988;313-324.
    • (1988) Planta , vol.175 , pp. 313-324
    • Pearce, R.S.1
  • 45
    • 0000839990 scopus 로고
    • Wheat tissues freeze-etched during exposure to extracellular freezing: Distribution of ice
    • Pearce R.S., Willison J.H.M. Wheat tissues freeze-etched during exposure to extracellular freezing: distribution of ice. Planta. 163:1985;295-303.
    • (1985) Planta , vol.163 , pp. 295-303
    • Pearce, R.S.1    Willison, J.H.M.2
  • 46
    • 0001032986 scopus 로고
    • A freeze-etch study of the effects of extracellular freezing on cellular membranes of wheat
    • Pearce R.S., Willison J.H.M. A freeze-etch study of the effects of extracellular freezing on cellular membranes of wheat. Planta. 163:1985;304-316.
    • (1985) Planta , vol.163 , pp. 304-316
    • Pearce, R.S.1    Willison, J.H.M.2
  • 47
    • 0001607990 scopus 로고
    • Cell shape and localization of ice in leaves of overwintering wheat during frost stress in the field
    • Pearce R.S., Ashworth E.N. Cell shape and localization of ice in leaves of overwintering wheat during frost stress in the field. Planta. 188:1992;324-331.
    • (1992) Planta , vol.188 , pp. 324-331
    • Pearce, R.S.1    Ashworth, E.N.2
  • 48
    • 0013309031 scopus 로고
    • Avoidance of freezing injury in woody plants by deep supercooling
    • Quamme H.A. Avoidance of freezing injury in woody plants by deep supercooling. Acta Horticulturae. 168:1985;11-30.
    • (1985) Acta Horticulturae , vol.168 , pp. 11-30
    • Quamme, H.A.1
  • 49
    • 0343033783 scopus 로고
    • Application of thermal analysis to breeding fruit crops for increased cold hardiness
    • Quamme H.A. Application of thermal analysis to breeding fruit crops for increased cold hardiness. HortScience. 26:1991;513-517.
    • (1991) HortScience , vol.26 , pp. 513-517
    • Quamme, H.A.1
  • 51
    • 0000030905 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of freezing injury in xylem of winter apple twigs
    • Quamme H., Weiser C.J., Stushnoff C. The mechanism of freezing injury in xylem of winter apple twigs. Plant Physiology. 51:1973;273-277.
    • (1973) Plant Physiology , vol.51 , pp. 273-277
    • Quamme, H.1    Weiser, C.J.2    Stushnoff, C.3
  • 52
    • 0000594040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-wall changes and cell tension in response to cold acclimation and exogenous abscisic acid in leaves and cell cultures
    • Rajashekar C.B., Lafta A. Cell-wall changes and cell tension in response to cold acclimation and exogenous abscisic acid in leaves and cell cultures. Plant Physiology. 111:1996;605-612.
    • (1996) Plant Physiology , vol.111 , pp. 605-612
    • Rajashekar, C.B.1    Lafta, A.2
  • 53
    • 0002739208 scopus 로고
    • Effect of solute on ice-solution interfacial free energy: Calculation from measured homogeneous nucleation temperatures
    • H.H.G. Jellineck. New York: Plenum Press
    • Rasmussen D.H., MacKenzie A.P. Effect of solute on ice-solution interfacial free energy: calculation from measured homogeneous nucleation temperatures. Jellineck H.H.G. Water Structure at the Water-Polymer Interface. 1972;126-145 Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1972) Water Structure at the Water-Polymer Interface , pp. 126-145
    • Rasmussen, D.H.1    MacKenzie, A.P.2
  • 54
    • 0027172189 scopus 로고
    • New infiltration method permits use of freeze substitution for preparation of wood tissues for transmission electron microscopy
    • Ristic Z., Ashworth E.N. New infiltration method permits use of freeze substitution for preparation of wood tissues for transmission electron microscopy. Journal of Microscopy. 171:1993;137-142.
    • (1993) Journal of Microscopy , vol.171 , pp. 137-142
    • Ristic, Z.1    Ashworth, E.N.2
  • 55
    • 0027141244 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural evidence that intracellular ice formation and possibly cavitation are the sources of freezing injury in supercooled wood tissue of Cornus florida L
    • Ristic Z., Ashworth E.N. Ultrastructural evidence that intracellular ice formation and possibly cavitation are the sources of freezing injury in supercooled wood tissue of Cornus florida L. Plant Physiology. 103:1993;753-761.
    • (1993) Plant Physiology , vol.103 , pp. 753-761
    • Ristic, Z.1    Ashworth, E.N.2
  • 56
    • 0028065647 scopus 로고
    • Response of xylem ray parenchyma cells of red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) to freezing stress: Microscopic evidence of protoplasm contraction
    • Ristic Z., Ashworth E.N. Response of xylem ray parenchyma cells of red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) to freezing stress: microscopic evidence of protoplasm contraction. Plant Physiology. 104:1994;737-746.
    • (1994) Plant Physiology , vol.104 , pp. 737-746
    • Ristic, Z.1    Ashworth, E.N.2
  • 57
    • 0030457833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of xylem ray parenchyma cells of red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) to field freezing stress, and to freeze-thaw cycle
    • Ristic Z., Ashworth E.N. Response of xylem ray parenchyma cells of red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) to field freezing stress, and to freeze-thaw cycle. Journal of Plant Physiology. 149:1996;735-745.
    • (1996) Journal of Plant Physiology , vol.149 , pp. 735-745
    • Ristic, Z.1    Ashworth, E.N.2
  • 59
    • 0242416502 scopus 로고
    • Studies on mechanisms of frost crack formation in tree trunks
    • in Japanese
    • Sano Y., Fujikawa S., Fukazawa K. Studies on mechanisms of frost crack formation in tree trunks. Cryobiology and Cryotechnology. 39:1993;13-21. in Japanese.
    • (1993) Cryobiology and Cryotechnology , vol.39 , pp. 13-21
    • Sano, Y.1    Fujikawa, S.2    Fukazawa, K.3
  • 60
    • 0000496194 scopus 로고
    • Detection and features of wetwood in Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata
    • Sano Y., Fujikawa S., Fukazawa K. Detection and features of wetwood in Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata. Trees. 9:1995;261-268.
    • (1995) Trees , vol.9 , pp. 261-268
    • Sano, Y.1    Fujikawa, S.2    Fukazawa, K.3
  • 61
    • 0013520061 scopus 로고
    • Development of the amorphous layer (protective layer) in xylem parenchyma of cv. Golden delicious apple, cv. Loring peach, and willow
    • Schaffer K., Wisniewski M. Development of the amorphous layer (protective layer) in xylem parenchyma of cv. Golden delicious apple, cv. Loring peach, and willow. American Journal of Botany. 76:1989;1569-1582.
    • (1989) American Journal of Botany , vol.76 , pp. 1569-1582
    • Schaffer, K.1    Wisniewski, M.2
  • 62
    • 0026049978 scopus 로고
    • Freezing tolerance and avoidance in high tropical Andean plants: Is it equally represented in species with different plant height?
    • Squeo F.A., Rada F., Azocar A., Goldstein A. Freezing tolerance and avoidance in high tropical Andean plants: is it equally represented in species with different plant height? Oecologia. 86:1991;378-382.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.86 , pp. 378-382
    • Squeo, F.A.1    Rada, F.2    Azocar, A.3    Goldstein, A.4
  • 63
    • 0000078814 scopus 로고
    • The role of carbohydrate in maintaining extensin in an extended conformation
    • Stafstrom J.P., Staehelin L.A. The role of carbohydrate in maintaining extensin in an extended conformation. Plant Physiology. 81:1986;242-246.
    • (1986) Plant Physiology , vol.81 , pp. 242-246
    • Stafstrom, J.P.1    Staehelin, L.A.2
  • 64
    • 0029739233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in the distribution of water in the outer growth rings of Fraxinus mandshurica var. japonica: A study by cryo-scanning electron microscopy
    • Utsumi Y., Sano Y., Ohtani J., Fujikawa S. Seasonal changes in the distribution of water in the outer growth rings of Fraxinus mandshurica var. japonica: a study by cryo-scanning electron microscopy. IAWA Journal. 17:1996;113-124.
    • (1996) IAWA Journal , vol.17 , pp. 113-124
    • Utsumi, Y.1    Sano, Y.2    Ohtani, J.3    Fujikawa, S.4
  • 65
    • 0000489087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualization of cavitated vessels in winter and refilled vessels in spring in diffuse-porous trees by cryo-scanning electron microscopy
    • Utsumi Y., Sano Y., Fujikawa S., Funada R., Ohtani J. Visualization of cavitated vessels in winter and refilled vessels in spring in diffuse-porous trees by cryo-scanning electron microscopy. Plant Physiology. 117:1998;1463-1471.
    • (1998) Plant Physiology , vol.117 , pp. 1463-1471
    • Utsumi, Y.1    Sano, Y.2    Fujikawa, S.3    Funada, R.4    Ohtani, J.5
  • 66
    • 0001374162 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation by cryo-electron microscopy of the absence of crystallization using a vitrification solution
    • Valdez C.A., Abas Manji O., Kanagawa H., Fujikawa S. Confirmation by cryo-electron microscopy of the absence of crystallization using a vitrification solution. Cryo-Letters. 11:1990;351-358.
    • (1990) Cryo-Letters , vol.11 , pp. 351-358
    • Valdez, C.A.1    Abas Manji, O.2    Kanagawa, H.3    Fujikawa, S.4
  • 67
    • 0000443631 scopus 로고
    • Freeze-induced membrane ultrastructural alterations in rye (Secale cereale) leaves
    • Webb M.S., Steponkus P.L. Freeze-induced membrane ultrastructural alterations in rye (Secale cereale) leaves. Plant Physiology. 101:1993;955-963.
    • (1993) Plant Physiology , vol.101 , pp. 955-963
    • Webb, M.S.1    Steponkus, P.L.2
  • 68
    • 0041928634 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the ultrastructure of xylem parenchyma cells of peach (Prunus persica) and red oak (Quercus rubra) in response to a freezing stress
    • Wisniewski M., Ashworth E.N. Changes in the ultrastructure of xylem parenchyma cells of peach (Prunus persica) and red oak (Quercus rubra) in response to a freezing stress. American Journal of Botany. 72:1985;1364-1376.
    • (1985) American Journal of Botany , vol.72 , pp. 1364-1376
    • Wisniewski, M.1    Ashworth, E.N.2
  • 69
    • 0000858326 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in deep supercooling and dehydrative resistance
    • Wisniewski M., Ashworth E.N. Seasonal variation in deep supercooling and dehydrative resistance. HortScience. 21:1986;503-505.
    • (1986) HortScience , vol.21 , pp. 503-505
    • Wisniewski, M.1    Ashworth, E.N.2
  • 70
    • 0001633364 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of seasonal ultrastructural changes in stem tissues of peach (Prunus persica) that exhibit contrasting mechanisms of cold hardiness
    • Wisniewski M., Ashworth E.N. A comparison of seasonal ultrastructural changes in stem tissues of peach (Prunus persica) that exhibit contrasting mechanisms of cold hardiness. Botanical Gazette. 147:1986;407-417.
    • (1986) Botanical Gazette , vol.147 , pp. 407-417
    • Wisniewski, M.1    Ashworth, E.N.2
  • 71
    • 0001177971 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the involvement of a specific cell wall layer in regulation of deep supercooling of xylem parenchyma
    • Wisniewski M., Davis G. Evidence for the involvement of a specific cell wall layer in regulation of deep supercooling of xylem parenchyma. Plant Physiology. 91:1989;151-156.
    • (1989) Plant Physiology , vol.91 , pp. 151-156
    • Wisniewski, M.1    Davis, G.2
  • 72
    • 0000147219 scopus 로고
    • Immunogold localization of pectins and glycoproteins in tissues of peach with reference to deep supercooling
    • Wisniewski M., Davis G. Immunogold localization of pectins and glycoproteins in tissues of peach with reference to deep supercooling. Trees. 9:1995;253-260.
    • (1995) Trees , vol.9 , pp. 253-260
    • Wisniewski, M.1    Davis, G.2
  • 73
    • 0001435772 scopus 로고
    • The use of lanthanum to characterize cell wall permeability in relation to deep supercooling and extracellular freezing in woody plants. II. Intrageneric comparisons between Betura lenta and Betula papyrifera
    • Wisniewski M., Ashworth E.N., Schaffer K. The use of lanthanum to characterize cell wall permeability in relation to deep supercooling and extracellular freezing in woody plants. II. Intrageneric comparisons between Betura lenta and Betula papyrifera. Protoplasma. 141:1987;160-168.
    • (1987) Protoplasma , vol.141 , pp. 160-168
    • Wisniewski, M.1    Ashworth, E.N.2    Schaffer, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.