Formation and transformation of clay minerals in the hydrothermal deposits of Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge, ODP Leg 169

Economic Geology

Volumn 95, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 361-389

  Lackschewitz, K S ^a,c   Singer, A ^b   Botz, R ^a   Garbe Schonberg D ^a   Stoffers, P ^a   Horz, K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTHIGENIC MINERAL; CLAY MINERAL; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; HYDROTHERMAL DEPOSIT; MINERAL ALTERATION; MINERALIZATION; PETROGENESIS;

PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0034071462     PISSN: 03610128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.95.2.361     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Alt, J.C., Honnorez, J., Laverne, C., and Emmermann, R., 1986, Hydrothermal alteration of a 1 km section through the upper oceanic crust, Deep Sea Drilling Project hole 504B: Mineralogy, chemistry, and evolution of seawater-basalt interactions: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 91, p. 10,309-10,335.
2. Alt, J.C., Anderson, T.F., Bonnell, L., and Muehlenbachs, K., 1989, Mineralogy, chemistry, and stable isotopic compositions of hydrothermally altered sheeted dikes: ODP hole 504B, Leg 111 : Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 111, Proceedings, College Station, p. 27-39.
3. Ames, D.E., Franklin, J.M., and Hannington, M.D., 1993, Mineralogy and geochemistry of active and inactive chimneys and massive sulfide, Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: An evolving hydrothermal system: Canadian Mineralogist, v. .31, p. 997-1024.
4. Barnhisel, R.I., and Bertsch, P.M., 1989, Chlorites and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite and smectite, in Dixon, J.B., and Weed, S.B., eds., Minerals in soil environments: Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, p. 729-788.
5. Beaufort, D., and Meunier, A., 1994, Saponite, corrensite, and chlorite/saponite mixed-layer minerals and saponite in the Sancerre-Couy deep drill hole (France): Clay Minerals, v. 29, p. 47-61.
6. Beaufort, D., Baronnet, A., Lanson, B., and Meunier, A., 1997, Corrensite: A single phase or a mixed-layer phyllosilicate in the saponite-to-chlorite conversion series? A case study of Sancerre-Couy deep drill hole (France): American Mineralogist, v. 82, p. 109-124.
7. Bettison, L.A., and Schiffman, P., 1988, Compositional and structural variations of phyllosilicates from Point Sal ophiolite, California: American Mineralogist, v. 73, p. 62-76.
8. Bevins, R.E., Robinson, D., and Rowbotham, G., 1991, Compositional variations in mafic phyllosilicates from regional low-grade metabasites and application of the chlorite geothermeter: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 9, p. 711-721.
9. Birkeland, P.W., 1984, Soils and geomorphology: London, Oxford University Press.
10. 3 for oxygen isotope analysis: Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, p. 1665-1668.
11. Brindley, D.W., and Brown, G., 1980, Crystal structures of clay minerals and their X-ray identification: London, Mineralogical Society, 495 p.
12. Brigatti, M.F, and Poppi, L., 1984, Crystal chemistry of corrensite: A review: Clay and Clay Minerals, v. 32, p. 391-399.
13. Buatier, M., Honnorez, J., and Ehret, G., 1989, Fe-smectite-glauconite transition in hydrothermal green clays from the Galapagos spreading center: Clay and Clay Minerals, v. 37, p. 532-541.
14. Buatier, M.D., Karpoff, A.-M., Boni, M., Früh-Green, G.L., and. McKenzie, J.A., 1994, Mineralogic and petrographic records of sediment-fluid interaction in the sedimentary sequence at Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge, Leg 139: Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 139, Proceedings, College Station, p. 133-154.
15. Buatier, M.D., Früh-Green, G.L., and Karpoff, A.M., 1995, Mechanism of Mg-phyllosilicate formation in a hydrothermal system at a sedimented ridge (Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 122, p. 134-151.
16. Butterfield, D.A., McDuff, R.E., Franklin, J., and Wheat, C.G., 1994, Geochemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 139, Proceedings, College Station, p. 395-410.
17. Cathelineau, M., 1988, Cation site occupancy in chlorite and illites as a function of temperature: Clay Minerals, v. 23, p. 471-485.
18. Clayton, R.N., and Mayeda, T.K., 1963, The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen from oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis: Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 27, p. 43-52.
19. Clayton, R.N., O'Neil, J.R., and Mayeda, TK., 1972, Oxygen isotope exchange between quartz and water: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 77-17, p. 3057-3067.
20. Cole, D.R., Riciputi, L.R., and Horita, J., 1998, Stable isotope exchange equilibria and kinetics in mineral-fluid systems, in Arehart, G.B., and Hulston, J.R., eds., Water-Rock Interaction: Rotterdam, Balkema, 827-830.
21. Davis, E.E., and Fisher, A.T, 1994, On the nature and consequences of hydrothermal circulation in the Middle Valley sedimented rift: Inferences from geophysical observations, ODP Leg 139: Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 139, Proceedings, College Station, p. 695-720.
22. Davis, E.E., and Villinger, H., 1992, Tectonic and thermal structure of the Middle Valley sedimented rift, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 139, Proceedings, College Station, p. 9-41.
23. Davis, E.E., Mottl, M.J., Fisher, A.T., et al., 1992, Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 139, Initial Report, College Station, Proceedings, p. 1-1026.
24. Drits, V.A., Khvorova, I.V., Sokolova, A.L., and Voronii, B.I., 1989, Clay minerals in deep water hydrothermal structures of the Guayamas depression (Gulf of California): Lithology and Mineral Resources, v. 24, p. 10-16.
25. Edmond, J.M., Measures, C., McDuff, R.E., Chan, L.H., Collier, R., and Grant, B., 1979, Ridge crest hydrothermal activity and the balances of major and minor elements in the ocean: The Galapagos data: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 46, p. 1-19.
26. Farmer, V.C., 1974, The infrared spectra of minerals: Mineralogical Society, Monograph 4, 536 p.
27. Fouquet, Y., Zierenberg, R.A., Miller, D.J., et al. 1998, Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 169, Initial Report, Proceedings, College Station, p.
28. Früh-Green, G.L., McKenzie, J.A., Boni, M., Karpoff, A.M., and Buatier, M., 1994, Stable isotope and geochemical record of convective hydrothermal circulation in the sedimentary sequence of Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge, Leg 139: Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 139, Proceedings, College Station, p. 291-305.
29. Garbe-Schönberg, D., 1993, Simultaneous determination of 37 trace elements in 28 international rock standards by ICP/MS: Geostandards Newsletter, v. 17, p. 81-97.
30. Goodfellow, W.D., and Blaise, B., 1988, Sulfide formation and hydrothermal alteration of hemipelagic sediment in Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 26, p. 675-696.
31. Goodfellow, W.D., and Peter, J.M., 1994, Geochemistry of hydrothermal altered sediment, Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 139, Proceedings, College Station, p. 207-290.
32. Goodfellow, W.D., Grapes, K., Cameron, B., and Franklin, J.M., 1993, Hydrothermal alteration associated with massive sulfide deposits, Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 31, p. 1025-1060.
33. Grant, J.A., 1986, The isocon diagramæa simple solution to Gresen's equation for metasomatic alteration: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 81, p. 1976-1982.
34. Gresens, R.L., 1967, Composition-volume relationships of metasomatism: Chemical Geology, v. 2, p. 47-65.
35. Harvey, C.C., and Browne, P.R., 1991, Mixed-layer clay geothermometry in the Wairakei geothermal field, New Zealand: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 39, p. 614-621.
36. Hoffert, M., Person, A., Courtois, C., Karpoff, A.M., and Trauth, D., 1980, Sedimentology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of hydrothermal deposits from holes 424, 424A, 424B, and 424C (Galapagos spreading center): Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, v. 54, p. 339-376.
37. Honnorez, J., Karpoff, A.M., and Trauth Badaut, D., 1983, Sedimentology, mineralogy and geochemistry of green clay samples from the Galapagos hydrothermal mounds, holes 506, 506C, and 507D, Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 70: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, v. 70, p. 221-224.
38. Howard, K.J., and Fisk, M.R., 1988, Hydrothermal alumina-rich clays and boehmite on the Gorda Ridge: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 52, p. 2269-2279.
39. Klinkhammer, G.P., Elderfield, H., Edmond, J.M., and Mitra, A., 1994, Geochemical implications of rare earth element patterns in hydrothermal fluids from mid-ocean ridges: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, p. 5105-5113.
40. Kristmannsdottir, H., 1979, Alteration of basaltic rocks by hydrothermal activity at 100°-300°C, in Mortland, M., and Farmer, V., eds., Developments in Sedimentology: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 359-367.
41. Leybourne, M.I., and Goodfellow, W.D., 1994, Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of hydrothermally altered sediment, Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 139, Proceedings, College Station, p. 155-206.
42. Liou, J.G., Seid, Y., Guillemette, R.N., and Sakai, H., 1985, Composition and parageneses of secondary minerals in the Onikobe geothermal system: Chemical Geology, v. 49, p. 1-20.
43. 16O ratios for NBS-28 and some silicate reference samples: Geochemical Journal, v. 8, p. 103-107.
44. McCrea, J.M., 1950, On the isotopic chemistry of carbonates and a paleotemperature scale: Journal of Chemical Physics, v. 18, p. 849-857.
45. Mehra, O.P., and Jackson, M.L., 1960, Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 7, p. 317-327.
46. Michard, A., and Albarede, F, 1986, The REE content of some hydrothermal fluids: Chemical Geology, v. 55, p. 51-60.
47. Moore, D.M., and Reynolds, C.R., Jr., 1989, X-ray diffraction and the identification and analysis of clay minerals: New York, Oxford University Press, 322 p.
48. Newman, A.C.D., and Brown, G., 1987, The chemical constitution of clays, in Newman, A.C.D., ed.. Chemistry of clay and clay minerals: Mineralogical Society of London, Monograph 6, p. 480.
49. Paterson, E., and Swaffield, R., 1987, Thermal analysis, in Wilson, M.J., ed., A handbook of determinative methods in clay mineralogy: New York, Chapman and Hall, p. 99-132.
50. Percival, J.B., and Ames, D.E., 1993, Clay mineralogy of active hydrothermal chimneys and an associated mound. Middle Valley, northern Juan De Fuca Ridge: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 3], p. 957-971.
51. Peter, J.M., Goodfellow, W.D., and Leybourne, M.I., 1994, Fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry of the Middle Valley hydrothermal system, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 139, Proceedings, College Station, p. 411-428.
52. Richards, H.G., Cann, J.R., and Jensenius, J., 1989, Mineralogical zonation and metasomatism of the alteration pipes of Cyprus sulfide deposits: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 84, p. 91-115.
53. Savin, S.M., and Lee, M., 1988, Isotopic study of phyllosilicates, in Bailey, S.W., ed.. Hydrous phyllosilicates (exclusive of muscovite): Mineralogical Society of America, Review of Mineralogy, v. 19, p. 189-223.
54. Schiffman, P., and Fridleifsson, G.O., 1991, The smectite-chlorite transition in drillhole NJ-15, Nesjavellir geothermal field, Iceland: XRD, BSE and electron microprobe investigations: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 9, p. 679-696.
55. Schiffman, P., and Staudigel, H., 1995, The smectite to chlorite transition in a fossil seamount hydrothermal system: The basement complex of La Palma, Canary Islands: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 13, p. 487-498.
56. Seewald, J.S., Seyfried, W.E., and Thornton, E.G., 1990, Organic-rich sediment alteration: An experimental and theoretical study at elevated temperatures and pressures: Applied Geochemistry, v. 5, p. 193-209.
57. Sharp, Z.D., and Kirschner, D.L., 1994, Quartz-calcite oxygen isotope thermometry: A calibration based on natural isotopic variations: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, p. 4491-4501.
58. Shau, Y.-H., and Peacor, D.R., 1992, Phyllosilicates in hydrothermally altered basalts from DSDP hole 504B, Leg 83æa TEM and AEM study: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 112, p. 119-133.
59. Shau, Y.-H., Peacor, D.H., and Essene, E.J., 1990, Corrensite and mixedlayer chlorite-smectite in metabasalt from northern Taiwan: TEM/AEM, EMPA, XRD, and optical studies: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 105, p. 123-142.
60. Sheppard, S.M.F., and Gilg, H.A., 1996, Stable isotope geochemistry of clay minerals: Clay Minerals, v. 31, p. 1-24.
61. Shiro, Y., and Sakai, H., 1972, Calculation of the reduced partition function ratios of alpha-beta quartz and calcite: Japan Chemical Society Bulletin, v. 45, p. 2355-2359.
62. Slack, J.F., and Coad, P.R., 1989, Multiple hydrothermal and metamorphic events in the Kidd Creek volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Timmins, Ontario: Evidence from tourmalinites and chlorites: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 26, p. 694-715.
63. Sun, S.S., and McDonough, W.F., 1989, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes: Geological Society of London, Special Publication, v. 42, p. 313-345.
64. Sverjensky, D.A., 1984, Europium redox equilibria in aqueous solution: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 67, p. 70-78.
65. Velde, B., 1977, Clays and clay minerals in natural and synthetic systems: Amsterdam, Elsevier, 218 p.
66. Vitali, F., Blanc, G., Largue, P., Duplay, J., and Morvan, G., 1999, Thermal diagenesis of clay minerals within volcanogenic material from the Tonga convergent margin: Marine Geology, v. 157, p. 105-125.
67. Von Damm, K.L., 1990, Seafloor hydrothermal activity: Black smoker chemistry and chimneys: Annual Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 18, p. 173-204.
68. Walker, J.R., and Murphy, M., 1995, Chloritic minerals from zeolite and prehnite pumpellyite facies rocks of the Winterville Formation, Aroostock County, Maine: Geological Society of America Special Paper 296, p. 141-156.
69. 16O fractionation between coexisting serpentine and magnetite: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 32, p. 165-185.
70. Wilson, M.J., 1994, Clay mineralogy: Spectroscopic and chemical determinative methods: London, Chapman and Hall, 367 p.
71. Wood, S.A., 1990, The aqueous geochemistry of the rare-earth elements and yttrium, 1. Review of available low-temperature data for inorganic complexes and the inorganic REE speciation of natural waters: Chemical Geology, v. 82, p. 159-186.
72. Zierenberg, R.A., and Shanks, WC., III, 1994, Sediment alteration associated with massive sulfide formation in Escanaba trough, Gorda Ridge: The importance of seawater mixing and magnesium metasomatism: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 2022, p. 257-278.
73. Zierenberg, R.A., Shanks, W.C., III, Seyfried, W.E., Jr., Koski, R.A., and Strickler, M.D., 1988, Mineralization, alteration and subseafloor metamorphism of the ophiolite-hosted Turner-Albright sulfide deposit, southwestern Oregon: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 93, p. 4657-4674.
74. Zierenberg, R.A., Koski, R.A., Morton, J.L., and Bouse, R.M., 1993, Genesis of massive sulfide deposits on a sediment-covered spreading center, Escanaba trough, southern Gorda Ridge: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 88, p. 2069-2098.
75. Zierenberg, R.A., Fouquet, Y., Miller, D.J., Bahr, J.M., Baker, P.A., Bjergard, T, Brunner, C.A., Duckworth, R.C., Gable, R., Gieskes, J., Goodfellow, W.D., Gröschel-Becker, H.M., Guerin, G., Ishibashi, J., Iturrino, G., James, R.H., Lackschewitz, K.S., Marquez, L.L., Nehlig, P., Peter, J.M., Rigsby, C.A., Schultheiss, P., Shanks, W.C., III, Simoneit, B.R.T., Summit, M., Teagle, D.A., Urbat, M., and Zuffa, G.G., 1998, The deep structure of a seafloor hydrothermal deposit: Nature, v. 392, p. 485-488.