The social organization of giraffes in Niger

African Journal of Ecology

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 78-85

  Le Pendu, Yvonnick ^a,b   Ciofolo, Isabelle ^a   Gosser, Allen ^a  

^a Le Grand Parc ^*

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PARÁ   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Conservation; Giraffa camelopardalis; Giraffe; Niger; Social

Indexed keywords

SOCIAL STRUCTURE; UNGULATE;

NIGER;

GIRAFFA CAMELOPARDALIS;

EID: 0034071301     PISSN: 01416707     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00214.x     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. BERRY, P.S.M. (1973). The Luangwa Valley giraffe. Puku. 7, 71-92.
2. BERRY, P.S.M. (1978). Range movements of giraffe in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 16, 77-84.
3. CAIRNS, J.S. & SCHWAGER, S.J. (1987). A comparison of association indices. Anim. Behav. 35, 1454-1469.
4. CIOFOLO, I. (1995). West Africa's last giraffes: the conflict between development and conservation. J. trop. Ecol. 11, 577-588.
5. CIOFOLO, I. & LE PENDU, Y. (1998). Les Girafes du Niger: de l'ethologie au développement local. Rapport final. Projet PURNKO. SNV. Niamey, Niger.
6. COE, M.J. (1967). Necking behaviour in giraffe. J. Zool. Lond. 151, 313-321.
7. DAGG, A.I. & FOSTER, J.B. (1976). The Giraffe, its Anatomy, Behavior and Ecology. R. E. Krieger Publishing, Co. Malabar.
8. FOSTER, J.B. (1966). The giraffe of Nairobi National Park: home range, sex-ratios, the herd and food. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 4, 139-148.
9. FOSTER, J.B. & DAGG, A.I. (1972). Notes on the biology of the giraffe. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 10, 1-16.
10. GERARD, J.F., LE PENDU, Y., MAUBLANC, M.L., VINCENT, J.P., POULLE, M.L. & CIBIEN, C. (1995). Large group formation in European roe deer: an adaptative feature? Rev. Ecol. (Terre Vie). 50, 391-401.
11. GERARD, J.F. & LOISEL, P. (1995). Spontaneous emergence of relationship between habitat openness and mean group size and its possible evolutionary consequences in large herbivores. J. theor. Biol. 176, 511-522.
12. GERARD, J.F. & RICHARD-HANSEN, C. (1992). Social affinities as the basis of the social organization of a Pyrenean chamois (Rupricapra pyrenaica) population in an open mountain range. Behav. Processes. 28, 111-122.
13. JARMAN, P.J. (1974). The social organisation of antelope in relation to their ecology. Behaviour. 48, 215-267.
14. LE PENDU, Y., BRIEDERMANN, L., GERARD, J.F. & MAUBLANC, M.L. (1995). Inter-individual associations and social structure of a mouflon population (Ovis orientalis musimon). Behav. Processes. 34, 67-80.
15. LE PENDU, Y. & CIOFOLO, I. (1999) The spatial behavior of giraffes in Niger. J. Trop. Ecol. 15, 341-353.
16. LEUTHOLD, B.M. (1979). Social organization and behaviour of giraffe in Tsavo East National Park. Afr. J. Ecol. 17, 19-34.
17. PELLEW, R.A. (1984). Giraffe and Okapi. In: The Encyclopedia of Mammals, Vol. 2 (Ed. D. MACDONALD). George Allen & Unwin, London.
18. PRATT, D.M. & ANDERSON, V.H. (1982). Population, distribution, and behaviour of giraffe in the Arusha National Park, Tanzania. J. Nat. Hist. 16, 481-489.
19. PRATT, D.M. & ANDERSON, V.H. (1985). Giraffe social behaviour. J. Nat. Hist. 19, 771-781.
20. SADOU, I. (1996). Vers une gestion locale des ressources naturelles. Niamey. L'écolo. 3, 6-10.