Paracrine and autocrine effects of nitric oxide on myocardial function

Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 86, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 49-86

  Shah, Ajay M ^a   MacCarthy, Philip A ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

cGMP; Endothelium; Heart; Heart failure; Myocardial function; Nitric oxide

Indexed keywords

8 BROMO CYCLIC AMP; ANTIOXIDANT; ARGININE; ATROPINE; CAPTOPRIL; CARBACHOL; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC GMP; CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOBUTAMINE; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; GUANYLATE CYCLASE; ICATIBANT; ISOPRENALINE; KT 5823; N ACETYL S NITROSOPENICILLAMINE; N(G) METHYLARGININE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; NITROPRUSSIDE SODIUM; NORADRENALIN; PEROXYNITRITE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASODILATOR AGENT;

APOPTOSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CONGESTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; ENERGY TRANSFER; GUINEA PIG; HEART FAILURE; HEART FUNCTION; HEART HEMODYNAMICS; HEART HYPERTROPHY; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART MUSCLE METABOLISM; HEART RATE; HUMAN; MOUSE; MYOCARDITIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RAT; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

AUTOCRINE COMMUNICATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; HEART; HUMANS; MYOCARDIUM; NITRIC OXIDE; PARACRINE COMMUNICATION;

EID: 0034069386     PISSN: 01637258     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0163-7258(99)00072-8     Document Type: Review

References (359)

1. Abi-Gerges N., Eschenhagen T., Hove-Marsden L., Fischmesiter R., Mery P.F. Methylene blue is a muscarinic antagonist in cardiac myocytes. Mol Pharmacol. 52:1997;482-490. a.
2. 2+ current. Biophys J. 72:1997;A34. b.
3. Amrani M., Chester A.H., Jayakumar J., Schyns C.J., Yacoub M.H. L-Arginine reversed low coronary reflow and enhances postischaemic recovery of cardiac mechanical function. Cardiovasc Res. 30:1995;200-204.
4. Andries L.J., Brutsaert D.L., Sys S.U. Nonuniformity of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase distribution in cardiac endothelium. Circ Res. 82:1998;195-203.
5. Anning P.B., Grocott-Mason R., Lewis M.J., Shah A.M. Enhancement of left ventricular relaxation in the isolated rat heart by an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Circulation. 92:1995;2660-2665.
6. Armour J.A., Smith F.M., Losier A.M., Ellenberger H.H., Hopkins D.A. Modulation of intrinsic neuronal activity by nitric oxide donors induces cardiodynamic changes. Am J Physiol. 268:1995;R403-R413.
7. Arnal J.F., Yamin J., Dockery S., Harrison D.G. Regulation of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase mRNA, protein and activity during cell growth. Am J Physiol. 267:1994;C1381-C1388.
8. Arstall M.A., Bailey C., Gross W.L., Bak M., Balligand J.-L., Kelly R.A. Reversible S-nitrosation of creatine kinase by nitric oxide in adult rat ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 30:1998;979-988.
9. Bachmaier K., Neu N., Pummerer C., Duncan G.S., Mak T.W., Matsuyama T., Penninger J.M. iNOS expression and nitrotyrosine formation in the myocardium in response to inflammation is controlled by the interferon regulatory transcription factor 1. Circulation. 96:1997;585-591.
10. Balligand J.L., Kelly R.A., Marsden P.A., Smith T.W., Michel T. Control of cardiac muscle function by an endogenous nitric oxide signaling system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90:1993;347-351. a.
11. Balligand J.L., Ungureanu D., Kelly R.A., Kobzik L., Pimental D., Michel T., Smith T.W. Abnormal contractile function due to induction of nitric oxide synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes follows exposure to activated macrophage-conditioned medium. J Clin Invest. 91:1993;2314-2319. b.
12. Balligand J.L., Ungureanu-Longrois D., Simmons W.W., Pimental D., Malinski T.A., Kapturczak M., Taha Z., Lowenstein C.J., Davidoff A.J., Kelly R.A., Smith T.W., Michel T. Cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem. 269:1994;27580-27588.
13. Balligand J.L., Kobzik L., Han X., Kaye D.M., Belhassen L., O'Hara D.S., Kelly R.A., Smith T.W., Michel T. Nitric oxide-dependent parasympathetic signaling is due to activation of constitutive endothelial (type III) nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem. 270:1995;14582-14586. a.
14. Balligand J.L., Ungureanu-Longrois D., Simmons W.W., Kobzik L., Lowenstein C.J., Lamas S., Kelly R.A., Smith T.W., Michel T. Induction of NO synthase in rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells by IL-1β and IFN-γ Am J Physiol. 268:1995;H1293-H1303. b.
15. Bartunek J., Shah A.M., Vanderheyden M., Paulus W.J. Dobutamine enhances cardiodepressant effects of receptor-mediated coronary endothelial stimulation. Circulation. 95:1997;90-96.
16. Bauersachs J., Bouloumie A., Mulsch A., Wiemer G., Fleming I., Busse R. Vasodilator function in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats. changes in NO synthase III and soluble guanylyl cyclase expression, and in superoxide production Cardiovasc Res. 37:1998;772-779.
17. Bayraktutan U., Yang Z.-K., Shah A.M. Selective dysregulation of nitric oxide synthase type 3 in cardiac myocytes but not coronary microvascular endothelial cells of spontaneously hypertensive rat. Cardiovasc Res. 38:1998;719-726.
18. Beckman J.S., Koppenol W.H. Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite. the good, the bad, and the ugly Am J Physiol. 271:1996;C1424-C1437.
19. Beckman J.S., Beckman T.W., Chen J., Marshall P.A., Freeman B.A. Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite. implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 87:1990;1620-1624.
20. Belhassen L., Kelly R.A., Smith T.W., Balligand J.L. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) and contractile responsiveness to adrenergic and cholinergic agonists in the heart. J Clin Invest. 97:1996;1908-1915.
21. Belhassen L., Feron O., Kaye D.M., Michel T., Kelly R.A. Regulation by cAMP of post-translational processing and subcellular targeting of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (type 3) in cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem. 272:1997;11198-11204.
22. Beresewicz A., Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E., Lewartowski B., Cedro-Ceremuzynska K. A protective role of nitric oxide in isolated ischaemic/reperfused rat heart. Cardiovasc Res. 30:1995;1001-1008.
23. Bolli R. The early and late phases of preconditioning against myocardial stunning and the essential role of oxyradicals in the late phase. an overview Basic Res Cardiol. 91:1996;57-63.
24. Bolli R., Bhatti Z.A., Tang X.-L., Qui Y., Zhang Q., Guo Y., Jadoon A.K. Evidence that late preconditioning against myocardial stunning in conscious rabbits is triggered by the generation of nitric oxide. Circ Res. 81:1997;42-52. a.
25. Bolli R., Manchikalapudi S., Tang X.-L., Takano H., Qui Y., Guo Y., Zhang Q., Jadoon A.K. The protective effect of late preconditioning against myocardial stunning in conscious rabbits is mediated by nitric oxide synthase. Evidence that nitric oxide acts both as a trigger and as a mediator of the late phase of ischemic preconditioning. Circ Res. 81:1997;1094-1107. b.
26. Bolli R., Jeroudi M.O., Patel B.S., Aruoma O.I., Halliwell B., Lai E.K., McCay P.B. Marked reduction of free radical generation and contractile dysfunction by antioxidant therapy begun at the time of reperfusion. Circ Res. 65:1989;607-622.
27. Bouloumie A., Bauersachs J., Linz W., Scholkens B.A., Wiemer G., Fleming I., Busse R. Endothelial dysfunction coincides with an enhanced nitric oxide synthase expression and superoxide anion production. Hypertension. 30:1997;934-941.
28. Brady A.J.B., Poole-Wilson P.A., Harding S.E., Warren J.B. Nitric oxide within cardiac myocytes reduces their contractility in endotoxaemia. Am J Physiol. 263:1992;H1963-H1966.
29. Brady A.J.B., Warren J.B., Poole-Wilson P.A., Williams T.J., Harding S.E. Nitric oxide attenuates cardiac myocyte contraction. Am J Physiol. 265:1993;H176-H182.
30. Braunwald E., Kloner R.A. The stunned myocardium. prolonged, post-ischaemic ventricular dysfunction Circulation. 66:1982;1146-1149.
31. Brodie B.R., Grossman W., Mann T., McLaurin L.P. Effects of sodium nitroprusside on left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations. J Clin Invest. 59:1977;59-68.
32. Brutsaert D.L., Meulemans A.L., Sipido K.R., Sys S.U. Effects of damaging the endocardial surface on the mechanical performance of isolated cardiac muscle. Circ Res. 62:1988;358-366.
33. Brutsaert D.L., Fransen P., Andries L.J., De Keulenaer G.W., Sys S.U. Cardiac endothelium and myocardial function. Cardiovasc Res. 38:1998;281-290.
34. Calderone A., Thaik C.M., Takahashi N., Chang D.L.F., Colucci W.S. Nitric oxide, atrial natriuretic peptide, and cyclic GMP inhibit the growth-promoting effects of norepinephrine in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. J Clin Invest. 101:1998;812-818.
35. Campbell D.L., Stamler J.S., Strauss H.C. Redox modulation of L-type calcium channels in ferret ventricular myocytes. Dual mechanism regulation by nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols. J Gen Physiol. 108:1996;277-293.
36. Cannon P.J., Yang X., Szabolcs M.J., Ravalli S., Sciacca R.R., Michler R.E. The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac allograft rejection. Cardiovasc Res. 38:1998;6-15.
37. Carroll J.D., Lang R.M., Neumann A.L., Borow K.M., Rajfer S.I. The differential effects of positive inotropic and vasodilator therapy on diastolic properties in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 74:1986;815-825.
38. Castro L., Rodriguez M., Radi R. Aconitase is readily inactivated by peroxynitrite, but not by its precursor, nitric oxide. J Biol Chem. 269:1994;29409-29415.
39. Chesnais J.-M., Fischmeister R., Mery P.-F. Positive and negative inotropic effects of NO donors in atrial and ventricular fibres of the frog heart. J Physiol. 518:1999;449-461.
40. Cosentino F., Patton S., d'Uscio L.V., Werner E.R., Werner-Felmayer G., Moreau P., Malinski T., Luscher T.F. Tetrahydrobiopterin alters superoxide and nitric oxide release in prehypertensive rats. J Clin Invest. 101:1998;1530-1537.
41. Crabos M., Coste P., Paccalin M., Tariosse L., Daret D., Besse P., Bonoron-Adele S. Reduced basal NO-mediated dilation and decreased endothelial NO-synthase expression in coronary vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 29:1997;55-65.
42. Crystal G.J., Gurevicius J. Nitric oxide does not modulate myocardial contractility acutely in in situ canine heart. Am J Physiol. 270:1996;H1568-H1576.
43. Darley-Usmar V., Halliwell B. Reactive nitrogen species, reactive oxygen species, transition metal ions, and the vascular system. Pharmaceut Res. 13:1996;649-662.
44. de Belder A.J., Radomski M.W., Why H.J., Richardson P.J., Bucknall C.A., Salas E., Martin J.F., Moncada S. Nitric oxide synthase in human myocardium. Lancet. 341:1993;84-85.
45. de Belder A.J., Radomski M.W., Why H.J., Richardson P.J., Martin J.F. Myocardial calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase activity is present in dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and postpartum cardiomyopathy but not in ischaemic or valvar heart disease. Br Heart J. 74:1995;426-430.
46. Decking U.K.M., Flesche C.W., Gödecke A., Schrader J. Endotoxin-induced contractile dysfunction in guinea pig hearts is not mediated by nitric oxide. Am J Physiol. 268:1995;H2460-H2465.
47. Depré C., Vanoverschelde J.L., Goudemant J.F., Mottet I., Hue L. Protection against ischemic injury by nonvasoactive concentrations of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in the perfused rabbit heart. Circulation. 92:1995;1911-1918.
48. Depré C., Fiérain L., Hue L. Activation of nitric oxide synthase by ischaemia in the perfused heart. Cardiovasc Res. 33:1997;82-87.
49. Diamond J., Ten Eick R.E., Trapani A.J. Are increases in cyclic GMP responsible for the negative inotropic effects of acetylcholine in the heart? Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 79:1977;912-918.
50. Dimmeler S., Rippmann V., Weiland U., Haendeler J., Zeiher A.M. Angiotensin II induces apoptosis of human endothelial cells. protective effects of nitric oxide Circ Res. 81:1997;970-976.
51. Draper N.J., Shah A.M. Beneficial effects of a nitric oxide donor on recovery of contractile function following brief hypoxia in isolated rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 29:1997;1195-1205.
52. Drexler H., Kästner S., Strobel A., Studer R., Brodde O.E., Hasenfuss G. Expression, activity and functional significance of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the failing human heart. J Am Coll Cardiol. 32:1998;955-963.
53. du Toit E.F., McCarthy J., Miyashiro J., Opie L.H., Brunner F. Effect of nitrovasodilators and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase on ischaemic and reperfusion function of rat isolated hearts. Br J Pharmacol. 123:1998;1159-1167.
54. Ebihara Y., Karmazyn M. Inhibition of beta- but not alpha 1-mediated adrenergic responses in isolated hearts and cardiomyocytes by nitric oxide and 8-bromo cyclic GMP. Cardiovasc Res. 32:1996;622-629.
55. Eiserich J.P., Hristova M., Cross C.E., Jones A.D., Freeman B.A., Halliwell B., van der Vliet A. Formation of nitric oxide-derived inflammatory oxidants by myeloperoxidase in neutrophils. Nature. 391:1998;393-397.
56. El-Omar, M. M., Lord, R., & Shah, A. M. (1998). Role of iNOS in post-hypoxic contractile dysfunction of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 98, I-112.
57. How to diagnose diastolic heart failure? Eur Heart J. 19:1998;990-1003.
58. Evans H.G., Lewis M.J., Shah A.M. Interleukin-1β modulates myocardial contraction via dexamethasone-sensitive production of nitric oxide. Cardiovasc Res. 27:1993;1486-1490.
59. Feron O., Belhassen L., Kobzik L., Smith T.W., Kelly R.A., Michel T. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase targeting to caveolae. specific interactions with caveolin isoforms in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells J Biol Chem. 271:1996;22810-22814.
60. Feron O., Dessy C., Opel D.J., Arstall M.A., Kelly R.A., Michel T. Modulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase caveolin interaction in cardiac myocytes. implications for the autonomic regulation of heart rate J Biol Chem. 273:1999;30249-30254.
61. Finkel M.S., Oddis C.V., Jacob T.D., Watkins S.C., Hattler B.G., Simmons R.L. Negative inotropic effects of cytokines on the heart mediated by nitric oxide. Science. 257:1992;387-389.
62. Finkel M.S., Oddis C.V., Mayer O.H., Hattler B.G., Simmons R.L. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor alters papillary muscle force-frequency relationship. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 272:1995;945-952.
63. Fleming I., Busse R. Signal transduction of eNOS activation. Cardiovasc Res. 43:1999;532-541.
64. Flesch M., Kilter H., Cremers B., Lenz O., Sudkamp M., Kuhn-Regnier F., Bohm M. Acute effects of nitric oxide and cyclic GMP on human myocardial contractility. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 281:1997;1340-1349.
65. Friedrich S., Lorell B., Rousseau M., Hayashida W., Hess O.M., Douglas P.S., Gordon S., Keighley C.S., Benedict C., Krayenbuehl H.P., Grossman W., Pouleur H. Intracardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves diastolic function in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis. Circulation. 90:1994;2761-2771.
66. Fukuchi M., Hussain S.N.A., Giaid A. Heterogeneous expression and activity of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases in end-stage human heart failure. Their relation to lesion site and β-adrenergic receptor therapy. Circulation. 98:1998;132-139.
67. Gallo M.P., Ghigo D., Bosia A., Alloatti G., Costmagna C., Penna C., Levi R.C. Modulation of guinea-pig cardiac L-type calcium current by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. J Physiol (Lond). 506:1998;639-651.
68. Gardiner S.M., Kemp P.A., March J.E., Bennett T. Cardiac and regional haemodynamics, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, and the effects of NOS inhibitors in conscious, endotoxaemic rats. Br J Pharmacol. 116:1995;2005-2016.
69. 3-adrenoceptor stimulation is mediated by activation of a nitric oxide synthase pathway in human ventricle. J Clin Invest. 102:1998;1377-1384.
70. George W.J., Polson J.B., O'Toole A.G., Goldberg N. Elevation of 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate in the rat heart after perfusion with acetylcholine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 66:1970;398-403.
71. Giraldez R.R., Panda A., Xia Y., Sanders S.P., Zweier J.L. Decreased nitric oxide synthase activity causes impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in the postischaemic heart. J Biol Chem. 272:1997;21420-21426.
72. i and contractility in isolated adult rabbit ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol. 271:1996;H1449-H1455.
73. Golino P., Ambrosio G., Pascucci I., Ragni M., Russolillo E., Chiariello M. Experimental carotid stenosis and endothelial injury in the rabbit. an in vivo model to study intravascular platelet aggregation Thromb Haemost. 67:1992;302-305.
74. Grocott-Mason R., Anning P., Evans H., Lewis M.J., Shah A.M. Modulation of left ventricular relaxation in the isolated ejecting heart by endogenous nitric oxide. Am J Physiol. 267:1994;H1804-H1813. a.
75. Grocott-Mason R., Fort S., Lewis M.J., Shah A.M. Myocardial relaxant effect of exogenous nitric oxide in the isolated ejecting heart. Am J Physiol. 266:1994;H1699-H1705. b.
76. Grocott-Mason, R., MacCarthy, P. A., Mullins, N., & Shah, A. M. (1998). Effect of inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on the myocardial force-frequency relation in normal humans in vivo. Circulation 98, I-761.
77. Gross W.L., Bak M.I., Ingwall J.S., Arstall M.A., Smith T.W., Balligand J.L., Kelly R.A. Nitric oxide inhibits creatine kinase and regulates rat heart contractile reserve. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;5604-5609.
78. Haber H.L., Powers E.R., Gimple L.W., Wu C.C., Subbiah K., Johnson W.H., Feldman M.D. Intracoronary angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves diastolic function in patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation. 89:1994;2616-2625.
79. Habib F.M., Springall D.R., Davies G.J., Oakley C.M., Yacoub M.H., Polak J.M. Tumour necrosis factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase in dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 347:1996;1151-1155.
80. 2+ current in rabbit atrioventricular node cells. Am J Physiol. 271:1996;H2274-H2282.
81. Han X., Shimoni Y., Giles W.R. An obligatory role for nitric oxide in autonomic control of mammalian heart rate. J Physiol. 476:1994;309-314.
82. Han X., Shimoni Y., Giles W.R. A cellular mechanism for nitric oxide-mediated cholinergic control of mammalian heart rate. J Gen Physiol. 106:1995;45-65.
83. 2+ current in adult rabbit atrioventricular nodal cells. Circ Res. 78:1996;998-1008.
84. Ca-L is absent in mice with targeted disruption of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:1998;6510-6515.
85. Harding P., Carretero O.A., LaPointe M.C. Effects of interleukin-1β and nitric oxide on cardiac myocytes. Hypertension. 25:1995;421-430.
86. Harding S.E., Davies C.H., Money-Kyrle A.M., Poole-Wilson P.A. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase does not increase contraction or β-adrenoceptor sensitivity of ventricular myocytes from failing human heart. Cardiovasc Res. 40:1998;523-529.
87. Hare J.M., Keaney J.F., Balligand J.L., Loscalzo J., Smith T.W., Colucci W.S. Role of nitric oxide in parasympathetic modulation of β-adrenergic myocardial contractility in dogs. J Clin Invest. 95:1995;360-366. a.
88. Hare J.M., Loh E., Creager M.A., Colucci W.S. Nitric oxide inhibits the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in humans with left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 92:1995;2198-2203. b.
89. Hare J.M., Givertz M.M., Creager M.A., Colucci W.S. Increased sensitivity to nitric oxide synthase inhibition in patients with heart failure. potentiation of beta-adrenergic inotropic responsiveness Circulation. 97:1998;161-166. a.
90. Hare J.M., Kim B., Flavahan N.A., Ricker K.M., Peng X., Colman L., Weiss R.G., Kass D.A. Pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins influence nitric oxide synthase III activity and protein levels in rat heart. J Clin Invest. 101:1998;1424-1431. b.
91. Hasebe N., Shen Y.T., Vatner S.F. Inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor enhances myocardial stunning in conscious dogs. Circulation. 88:1993;2862-2871.
92. Hayakawa H., Raij L. The link among nitric oxide synthase activity, endothelial function, and aortic and ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension. Hypertension. 29:1997;235-241.
93. Haywood G.A., Tsao P.S., von der Leyen H.E., Mann M.J., Keeling P.J., Trindade P.T., Lewis N.P., Byrne C.D., Rickenbacher P.R., Bishopric N.H., Cooke J.P., McKenna W.J., Fowler M.B. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human heart failure. Circulation. 93:1996;1087-1094.
94. Herbertson M.J., Werner H.A., Walley K.R. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition partially prevents decreased LV contractility during endotoxemia. Am J Physiol. 270:1996;H1979-H1984.
95. Heymes, C., Vanderheyden, M., & Paulus, W. J. (1998). Myocardial iNOS gene expression modulates left ventricular contractile response to β-adrenergic stimulation in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 98, I-361.
96. Heymes C., Vanderheyden M., Bronzwaer J.G.F., Shah A.M., Paulus W.J. Endomyocardial nitric oxide synthase and left ventricular preload reserve in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 99:1999;3009-3016.
97. Hiraoka Y., Kishimoto C., Takada H., Nakamura M., Kurokawa M., Ochiai H., Shiraki K. Nitric oxide and murine Coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis. aggravation of myocarditis by inhibition of nitric oxide J Am Coll Cardiol. 28:1996;1610-1615.
98. Hirono S., Islam M.O., Nakazawa M., Yoshida Y., Kodama M., Shibata A., Izumi T., Imai S. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat experimental autoimmune myocarditis with special reference to changes in cardiac hemodynamics. Circ Res. 80:1997;11-20.
99. Horackova M., Armour J.A., Hopkins D.A., Huang M.H. Nitric oxide modulates signaling between cultured adult peripheral cardiac neurons and cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol. 269:1995;C504-C510.
100. Hoshida S., Yamashita N., Igarashi J., Nishida M., Hori M., Kamada T., Kuzuya T., Tada M. Nitric oxide synthase protects the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 274:1995;413-418.
101. Hove-Madsen L., Mery P.F., Jurevicius J., Skeberdis A.V., Fischmeister R. Regulation of myocardial calcium channels by cyclic AMP metabolism. Basic Res Cardiol. 91(suppl. 2):1996;1-8.
102. 2+ channels by S-nitrosothiol nitric oxide donors. Circ Res. 81:1997;742-752.
103. Hui J., Tabatabaei A., MacLeod K.M. L-NMMA blocks carbachol-induced increases in cGMP levels but not decreases in tension in the presence of forskolin in rabbit papillary muscles. Cardiovasc Res. 30:1995;372-376.
104. Huk I., Nanobashvili J., Neumayer C., Punz A., Mueller M., Afkhampour K., Mittlboeck M., Losert U., Polterauer P., Roth E., Patton S., Malinski T. L-Arginine treatment alters the kinetics of nitric oxide and superoxide release and reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. Circulation. 96:1997;667-675.
105. Hutcheson I.R., Griffith T.M. Release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor is modulated both by frequency and amplitude of pulsatile flow. Am J Physiol. 261:1991;H257-H262.
106. Igarashi J., Nishida M., Hoshida S., Yamashita N., Kosaka H., Hori M., Kuzuya T., Tada M. Inducible nitric oxide synthase augments injury elicited by oxidative stress in rat cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol. 274:1998;C245-C252.
107. Ikeda U., Maeda Y., Kawahara Y., Yokoyama M., Shimada K. Angiotensin II augments cytokine-stimulated nitric oxide synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes. Circulation. 92:1995;2683-2689.
108. Ikeda U., Kanabe T., Kawahara Y., Yokoyama M., Shimada K. Adrenomedullin augments inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in cytokine-stimulated cardiac myocytes. Circulation. 94:1996;2560-2565. a.
109. Ikeda U., Yamamoto K., Ichida M., Ohkawa F., Murata M., Iimura O., Kusano E., Asano Y., Shimada K. Cyclic AMP augments cytokine-stimulated nitric oxide synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 28:1996;789-795. b.
110. 2+ and pH in isolated beating rabbit hearts and myocytes loaded with the indicator indo-1. J Physiol (Lond). 480:1994;203-215.
111. Inauen M.E., Granger D.N., Meininger C.J., Schelling M.E., Granger H.J., Kvietys P.R. Anoxia-reoxygenation-induced, neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell injury. role of elastase Am J Physiol. 28:1990;H925-H931.
112. Ing D.J., Zang J., Dzau V.J., Webster K.A., Bishopric N.H. Modulation of cytokine-induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis by nitric oxide, Bak, and Bcl-x. Circ Res. 84:1999;21-33.
113. Inoue N., Venema R.C., Sayegh H.S., Murphy T.J., Harrison D.G. Molecular regulation of the endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase by transforming growth factor-beta. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 15:1995;1255-1261.
114. Ishida H., Ichimori K., Hirota Y., Fukahori M., Nakazawa H. Peroxynitrite-induced cardiac myocyte injury. Free Radic Biol Med. 20:1996;343-350.
115. Ishigai Y., Mori T., Ikeda T., Fukuzawa A., Shibano T. Role of bradykinin-NO pathway in prevention of cardiac hypertrophy by ACE inhibitor in rat cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol. 273:1997;H2659-H2663.
116. Ishiyama S., Hiroe M., Nishikawa T., Abe S., Shimojo T., Ito H., Ozasa S., Yamakawa K., Matsuzaki M., Mohammed M.U., Nakazawa H., Kasajima T., Marumo F. Nitric oxide contributes to the progression of myocardial damage in experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats. Circulation. 95:1997;489-496.
117. Ito N., Bartunek J., Spitzer K.W., Lorell B.H. Effects of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside on intracellular pH and contraction in hypertrophied myocytes. Circulation. 95:1997;2303-2311.
118. Joe E.K., Schussheim A.E., Longrois D., Maki T., Kelly R.A., Smith T.W., Balligand J.L. Regulation of cardiac myocyte contractile function by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). mechanisms of contractile depression by nitric oxide J Mol Cell Cardiol. 30:1998;303-315.
119. Jugdutt B.I., Khan M.I. Effect of prolonged nitrate therapy on left ventricular remodeling after canine acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 89:1994;2297-2307.
120. Jumrussirikul P., Dinerman J., Dawson T.M., Dawson V.L., Ekelund U., Georgakoupoulos D., Schramm L.P., Calkins H., Snyder S.H., Hare J.M., Berger R.D. Interaction between neuronal nitric oxide synthase and inhibitory G protein activity in heart rate regulation in conscious mice. J Clin Invest. 102:1998;1279-1285.
121. Kapadia S., Lee J., Torre-Amione G., Birdsall H.H., Ma T.S., Mann D.L. Tumor necrosis factor-α gene and protein expression in adult feline myocardium after endotoxin administration. J Clin Invest. 96:1995;1042-1052.
122. Karupiah G., Xie Q., Buller R.M.L., Nathan C., Duarte C., MacMicking J.D. Inhibition of viral replication by interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide synthase. Science. 261:1993;1445-1448.
123. Kasai K., Hattori Y., Banba N., Hattori S., Motohashi S., Shimoda S.-I., Nakanishi N., Gross S.S. Induction of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes. impact on cytokine-induced NO generation Am J Physiol. 273:1997;H665-H672.
124. Kawaguchi H., Shin W.S., Wang Y., Inukai M., Kato M., Matsuo-Okai Y., Sakamoto A., Uehara Y., Kaneda Y., Toyo-oka T. In vivo gene transfection of human endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase in cardiomyocytes causes apoptosis-like cell death. Identification using Sendai virus-coated liposomes. Circulation. 95:1997;2441-2447.
125. Kaye D.M., Wiviott S.D., Balligand J.L., Simmons W.W., Smith T.W., Kelly R.A. Frequency-dependent activation of a constitutive nitric oxide synthase and regulation of contractile function in adult rat ventricular myocytes. Circ Res. 78:1996;217-224.
126. 2+-independent manner in cardiac myocytes. role of troponin I phosphorylation Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 256:1999;398-403.
127. Keaney J.F. Jr., Hare J.M., Balligand J.L., Loscalzo J., Smith T.W., Colucci W.S. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase augments myocardial contractile responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Am J Physiol. 271:1996;H2646-H2652.
128. Keller R.S., Jones J.J., Kim K.F., Myers P.R., Adams H.R., Parker J.L., Rubin L.J. Endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction. is there a role for nitric oxide? Shock. 4:1995;338-344.
129. Kelly R.A., Balligand J.L., Smith T.W. Nitric oxide and cardiac function. Circ Res. 79:1996;363-380.
130. Kelm M., Schafer S., Dahmann R., Dolu B., Perings S., Decking U.K.M., Schrader J., Strauer B.E. Nitric oxide induced contractile dysfunction is related to a reduction in myocardial energy generation. Cardiovasc Res. 36:1997;185-194.
131. Khadour F.H., Kao R.H., Park S., Armstrong P.W., Holycross B.J., Schulz R. Age-dependent augmentation of cardiac endothelial NOS in a genetic rat model of heart failure. Am J Physiol. 273:1997;H1223-H1230.
132. Kichuk M.R., Seyedi N., Zhang X., Marboe C.C., Michler R.E., Addonizio L.J., Kaley G., Nasjletti A., Hintze T.H. Regulation of nitric oxide production in human coronary microvessels and the contribution of local kinin formation. Circulation. 94:1996;44-51.
133. Kilter H., Lenz O., La Rosee K., Flesch M., Schwinger R.H., Madge M., Kuhn-Regnier F., Bohm M. Evidence against a role of nitric oxide in the indirect negative inotropic-effect of M-cholinoceptor stimulation in human ventricular myocardium. Naunyn Schmeideberg Arch Pharmacol. 352:1995;308-312.
134. Kim Y.-M., Bombeck C.A., Billiar T.R. Nitric oxide as a bifunctional regulator of apoptosis. Circ Res. 84:1999;253-256.
135. Kimura A., Roseto J., Suh K.-Y., Cohen A.M., Bing R.J. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on nitric oxide production in infarcted heart in situ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 251:1998;874-878.
136. Kingma L., Smiseth O.A., Belenkie I., Knudtson M.L., McDonald R.P.R., Tyberg J.V. A mechanism for the nitroglycerin-induced downward shift of the left ventricular diastolic pressure-diameter relationship of patients. Am J Cardiol. 57:1986;673-677.
137. i and cell contraction in cultured chick ventricular myocytes. Circ Res. 75:1994;285-295.
138. Kinugawa K.I., Kohmoto O., Yao A., Serizawa T., Takahashi T. Cardiac inducible nitric oxide synthase negatively modulates myocardial function in cultured rat myocytes. Am J Physiol. 272:1997;H35-H47.
139. Kirstein M., Rivet-Bastide M., Hatem S., Bénardeau A., Mercadier J.J., Fischmeister R. Nitric oxide regulates the calcium current in isolated human atrial myocytes. J Clin Invest. 95:1995;794-802.
140. Kitakaze M., Node K., Komamura K., Minamino T., Inoue M., Hori M., Kamada T. Evidence for nitric oxide generation in the cardiomyocytes. its augmentation by hypoxia J Mol Cell Cardiol. 27:1995;2149-2154.
141. Kitakaze M., Node K., Minamino T., Kosaka H., Shinozaki Y., Mori H., Inoue M., Hori M., Kamada T. Role of nitric oxide in regulation of coronary blood flow during myocardial ischemia in dogs. J Am Coll Cardiol. 27:1996;1804-1812.
142. Klabunde R.E., Coston A.F. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition does not prevent cardiac depression in endotoxic shock. Shock. 3:1995;73-78.
143. Klabunde R.E., Ritger R.C., Helgren M.C. Cardiovascular actions of inhibitors of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide) formation/release in anesthetized dogs. Eur J Pharmacol. 199:1991;51-59.
144. G-methyl-L-arginine decreases contractility, cGMP and cAMP in isoproterenol-stimulated rat hearts in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 223:1992;1-7.
145. Klimaschewski L., Kummer W., Mayer B., Couraud J.Y., Preissler U., Philippin B., Heym C. Nitric oxide synthase in cardiac nerve fibers and neurons of rat and guinea pig heart. Circ Res. 71:1992;1533-1537.
146. Knecht M., Burkhoff D., Yi G.-H., Popilskis S., Homma S., Packer M., Wang J. Coronary endothelial dysfunction precedes heart failure and reduction of coronary reserve in awake dogs. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 29:1997;217-227.
147. Koglin J., Glysing-Jensen T., Mudgett J.S., Russell M.E. Exacerbated transplant arteriosclerosis in inducible nitric oxide-deficient mice. Circulation. 97:1998;2059-2065.
148. Kojda G., Kottenberg K., Nix P., Schluter K.D., Piper H.M., Noack E. Low increase in cGMP induced by organic nitrates and nitrovasodilators improves contractile response of rat ventricular muscle. Circ Res. 78:1996;91-101.
149. Kojda G., Kottenberg K., Noack E. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase induces cardiodepressive effects in normal rat hearts. Eur J Pharmacol. 334:1997;181-190.
150. Komarov A.M., Kramer J.H., Mak I.T., Weglicki W.B. EPR detection of endogenous nitric oxide in postischemic heart using lipid and aqueous-soluble dithiocarbamate-iron complexes. Mol Cell Biochem. 175:1997;91-97.
151. Kooy N.W., Lewis S.J., Royall J.A., Ye Y.Z., Kelly D.R., Beckman J.S. Extensive tyrosine nitration in human myocardial inflammation. evidence for the presence of peroxynitrite Crit Care Med. 25:1997;812-819.
152. Lakatta E.G. Length modulation of muscle performance. Frank-Starling law of the heart Fozzard H.A., Haber E., Jennings R.B., Katz A.M., Morgan H.E. The Heart and Cardiovascular System. 1992;1325-1351 Raven Press, New York.
153. Lamontagne D., Pohl U., Busse R. Mechanical deformation of vessel wall and shear stress determine the basal release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the intact rabbit coronary vascular bed. Circ Res. 70:1992;123-130.
154. Lancaster J.R., Langrehr J.M., Bergonia H.A., Murase N., Simmons R.L., Hoffman R.A. EPR detection of heme and nonheme iron-containing protein nitrosylation by nitric oxide during rejection of rat heart allograft. J Biol Chem. 267:1992;10994-10998.
155. Lang D., Small G.R., Bell J.P., Bayraktutan U., Shah A.M., Lewis M.J. Phenotypic changes in rat and guinea pig coronary microvascular endothelium after culture. loss of NO synthase activity Cardiovasc Res. 42:1999;794-804.
156. LaPointe M.C., Sitkins J.R. Mechanisms of interleukin-1β regulation of nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes. Hypertension. 27:1996;709-714.
157. Laufs U., La Fata V., Plutzky J., Liao J.K. Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Circulation. 97:1998;1129-1135.
158. Lefer A.M., Lefer D.J. The role of nitric oxide and cell adhesion molecules on the microcirculation in ischaemia-reperfusion. Cardiovasc Res. 32:1996;743-751.
159. Lefer D.J., Nakanishi K., Johnson W.E., Vinten-Johansen J. Antineutrophil and myocardial protection actions of a novel nitric oxide donor after acute myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in dogs. Circulation. 88:1993;2337-2350.
160. Lefer D.J., Scalia R., Campbell B., Nossuli T., Hayward R., Salamon M., Grayson J., Lefer A.M. Peroxynitrite inhibits leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and protects against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Clin Invest. 99:1997;684-691.
161. Levi R.C., Alloatti G., Penna C., Gallo M.P. Guanylate-cyclase-mediated inhibition of cardiac ICa by carbachol and sodium nitroprusside. Pflügers Arch. 426:1994;419-426.
162. Levin K.R., Page E. Quantitative studies on plasmalemmal folds and caveolae of rabbit ventricular myocardial cells. Circ Res. 46:1980;244-255.
163. Lew W.Y.W., Ryan J., Yasuda S. Lipopolysaccharide induces cell shrinkage in rabbit ventricular cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol. 272:1997;H2989-H2993.
164. Lewis M.J., Shah A.M. Endothelial Modulation of Cardiac Function. 1997;Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam.
165. Lewis N.P., Tsao P.S., Rickenbacher P.R., Xue C., Johns R.A., Haywood G.A., von der Leyen H., Trindade P.T., Cooke J.P., Hunt S.A., Billingham M.E., Valantine H.A., Fowler M.B. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in the human cadiac allograft is associated with contractile dysfunction of the left ventricle. Circulation. 93:1996;720-729.
166. Liao J.K., Shin W.S., Lee W.Y., Clark S.L. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein decreases the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem. 270:1995;319-324.
167. Lincoln T.M., Cornwell T.L. Intracellular cyclic GMP receptor proteins. FASEB J. 7:1993;328-338.
168. 2-bradykinin receptor antagonist HOE140 abolishes the antihypertrophic effect of ramipril. Br J Pharmacol. 105:1992;771-772.
169. Linz W., Weimer G., Scholkens B.A. ACE-inhibition induces NO-formation in cultured bovine endothelial cells and protects isolated ischaemic rat hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 24:1992;909-919.
170. Liu P., Hock C.E., Nagele R., Wong P.Y.K. Formation of nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Am J Physiol. 272:1997;H2327-H2336.
171. Liu S.F., Adcock I.M., Old R.W., Barnes P.J., Evans T.W. Differential regulation of the constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA by lipopolysaccharide treatment in vivo in the rat. Crit Care Med. 24:1996;1219-1225. a.
172. Liu S.F., Newton R., Evans T.W., Barnes P.J. Differential regulation of cyclo-oxygenase-1 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene expression by lipopolysaccharide treatment in vivo in the rat. Clin Sci. 90:1996;301-306. b.
173. Liu S.F., Barnes P.J., Evans T.W. Time course and cellular localization of lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA expression in the rat in vivo. Crit Care Med. 25:1997;512-518.
174. Loke K.E., McConnell P.I., Tuzman J.M., Shesely E.G., Smith C.J., Stackpole C.J., Thompson C.I., Kaley G., Wolin M.S., Hintze T.H. Endogenous nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide is a physiological regulator of myocardial oxygen consumption. Circ Res. 84:1999;840-845.
175. Lowenstein C.J., Hill S.L., Lafond-Walker A., Wu J., Allen G., Landavere M., Rose N.R., Herskowitz A. Nitric oxide inhibits viral replication in murine myocarditis. J Clin Invest. 97:1996;1837-1843.
176. Lu H.R., Remeysen P., de Clerck F. Does the antiarrhythmic effect of ischaemic preconditioning in rats involve the L-arginine nitric oxide pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 25:1995;524-530.
177. Luss H., Watkins S.C., Freeswick P.D., Imro A.K., Nussler A.K., Billiar T.R., Simmons R.L., del Nido P.J., McGowan F.X. Jr. Characterization of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in endotoxemic rat cardiac myocytes in vivo and following cytokine exposure in vitro. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 27:1995;2015-2029.
178. Ma X.-L., Weyrich A.S., Lefer D.J., Lefer A.N. Diminished basal nitric oxide release after myocardial neutrophil adherence to coronary endothelium. Circ Res. 72:1993;403-412.
179. MacCarthy P.A., Shah A.M. Loss of endothelium-dependent regulation of left ventricular relaxation in pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. Circulation. in press:2000.
180. MacMicking J.D., Nathan C., Hom G., Chartrain N., Fletcher D.S., Trumbauer M., Stevens K., Xie Q.W., Sokol K., Hutchinson N., Chen H., Mudgett J.S. Altered responses to bacterial infection and endotoxic shock in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. Cell. 81:1995;641-650.
181. Mahmarian J.J., Moye L.A., Chinoy D.A., Sequeira R.F., Habib G.B., Henry W.J., Jain A., Chaitman B.R., Weng C.S., Morales-Ballejo H., Pratt C.M. Transdermal nitroglycerin patch therapy improves left ventricular function and prevents remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 97:1998;2017-2024.
182. Mancini G.B.J., Henry G.C., Macaya C., O'Neill B.J., Pucillo A.L., Carere R.G., Wargovich T.J., Mudra H., Luscher T.F., Klibaner M.I., Haber H.E., Uprichard A.C.G., Pepine C.J., Pitt B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. The TREND (Trial on Reversing Endothelial Dysfunction) Study. Circulation. 94:1996;258-265.
183. Marijianowski M.M.H., van Laar M., Bras J., Becker A.E. Chronic congestive heart failure is associated with a phenotypic shift of intramyocardial endothelial cells. Circulation. 92:1995;1494-1498.
184. Massoudy P., Becker B.F., Gerlach E. Nitric oxide accounts for postischaemic cardioprotection resulting from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. indirect evidence for a radical scavenger effect in isolated guinea pig heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 25:1995;440-447.
185. Mathies G., Sherman M.P., Buckberg G.D., Haybron D.M., Young H.H., Ignarro L.J. Role of L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in myocardial reoxygenation injury. Am J Physiol. 262:1992;H616-H620.
186. Matsubara B.B., Matsubara L.S., Zornoff A.M., Franco M., Janicki J.S. Left ventricular adaptation to chronic pressure overload induced by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in rats. Basic Res Cardiol. 93:1998;173-181.
187. Matsuoka H., Nakata M., Kohno K., Koga Y., Nomura G., Toshima H., Imaizumi T. Chronic L-arginine administration attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 27:1996;14-18.
188. Matter C.M., Mandinov L., Kaufmann P.A., Vassalli G., Jiang Z., Hess O.M. Effects of NO donors on LV diastolic function in patients with severe pressure-overload hypertrophy. Circulation. 99:1999;2396-2401.
189. Mayer B., Hemmens B. Biosynthesis and action of nitric oxide in mammalian cells. Trends Biochem Sci. 22:1997;477-481.
190. McDonald K.M., Francis G.S., Matthews J., Hunter D.W., Cohn J.N. Chronic oral nitrate therapy prevents long-term ventricular remodeling in the dog. J Am Coll Cardiol. 21:1993;514-522.
191. McDonald K.M., Mock J., D'Aloia A., Parrish T., Hauer K., Francis G., Stillman A., Cohn J.N. Bradykinin antagonism inhibits the antigrowth effect of converting enzyme inhibition in the dog myocardium after discrete transmural myocardial necrosis. Circulation. 91:1995;2043-2048.
192. McDonough K.H., Smith T., Patel K., Quinn M. Myocardial dysfunction in the septic rat heart. role of nitric oxide Shock. 10:1998;371-376.
193. McQuillan L.P., Leung G.K., Marsden P.A., Kostyk S.K., Kourembanas S. Hypoxia inhibits expression of eNOS via transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Am J Physiol. 267:1994;H1921-H1927.
194. Mebazaa A., Wetzel R., Cherian M., Abraham M. Comparison between endocardial and great vessel endothelial cells. morphology, growth and prostaglandin release Am J Physiol. 268:1995;H250-H259.
195. Meng X., Ao L., Brown J.M., Fullerton D.A., Banerjee A., Harken A.H. Nitric oxide synthase is not involved in cardiac contractile dysfunction in a rat model of endotoxemia without shock. Shock. 7:1997;111-118.
196. ++ current. Involvement of cGMP-inhibited and cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterases through guanylyl cyclase activation. J Biol Chem. 268:1993;26286-26295.
197. Mery P.F., Hove-Madsen L., Chesnais J.M., Hartzell H.C., Fischmeister R. Nitric oxide synthase does not participate in negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine in frog heart. Am J Physiol. 270:1996;H1178-H1188.
198. Mery P.F., Abi-Gerges N., Vandecasteele G., Jurevicius J., Eschenhagen T., Fischmeister R. Muscarinic regulation of L-type current in isolated cardiac myocytes. Life Sci. 60:1997;1113-1120.
199. Meszaros L.G., Minarovic I., Zahradnikova A. Inhibition of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor calcium release channel by nitric oxide. FEBS Lett. 380:1996;49-52.
200. Meulemans A.L., Sipido K.R., Sys S.U., Brutsaert D.L. Atriopeptin III induces early relaxation of isolated mammalian papillary muscle. Circ Res. 62:1988;1171-1174.
201. Mikami S., Kawashima S., Kanazawa K., Hirata K., Katayama Y., Hotta H., Hayashi Y., Ito H., Yokoyama M. Expression of nitric oxide synthase in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 220:1996;983-989.
202. Mikami S., Kawashima S., Kanazawa K., Hirata K., Hotta H., Hayashi Y., Itoh H., Yokoyama M. Low-dose N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester treatment improves survival rate and decreases myocardial injury in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3. Circ Res. 81:1997;504-511.
203. Mohan P., Brutsaert D.L., Sys S.U. Myocardial performance is modulated by interaction of cardiac endothelium-derived nitric oxide and prostaglandins. Cardiovasc Res. 29:1995;637-640.
204. Mohan P., Brutsaert D.L., Paulus W.J., Sys S.U. Myocardial contractile response to nitric oxide and cGMP. Circulation. 93:1996;1223-1229.
205. Mohri M., Egashira K., Tagawa T., Kuga T., Tagawa H., Harasawa Y., Shimokawa H., Takeshita A. Basal release of nitric oxide is decreased in the coronary circulation in patients with heart failure. Hypertension. 30:1997;50-56.
206. 2 receptor activation in human heart. J Am Coll Cardiol. 29:1997;1599-1606.
207. Murry C.E., Jennings R.B., Reimer K.A. Preconditioning with ischaemia. a delay of lethal cell injury in ischaemic myocardium Circulation. 74:1986;1124-1136.
208. f. Circ Res. 81:1997;60-68.
209. G-nitro-L-arginine improves myocardial function following ischaemia/reperfusion in isolated perfused rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 27:1995;419-426.
210. Nava E., Noll G., Lüscher T.F. Increased activity of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in cardiac endothelium in spontaneous hypertension. Circulation. 91:1995;2310-2313.
211. Nishida M., Springhorn J.P., Kelly R.A., Smith T.W. Cell-cell signaling between adult rat ventricular myocytes and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in heterotypic primary culture. J Clin Invest. 91:1993;1934-1941.
212. Node K., Kitakaze M., Kosaka H., Komamura K., Minamino T., Tada M., Inoue M., Hori M., Kamada T. Plasma nitric oxide end-products are increased in the ischaemic canine heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 211:1995;370-374.
213. Nossuli T.O., Hayward R., Scalia R., Lefer A.M. Peroxynitrite reduces myocardial infarct size and preserves coronary endothelium after ischaemia and reperfusion in cats. Circulation. 96:1997;2317-2324.
214. Oddis C.V., Finkel M.S. NF-κB and GTP cyclohydrolase regulate cytokine-induced nitric oxide production by cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol. 270:1996;H1864-H1868.
215. Oddis C.V., Simmons R.L., Hattler B.G., Finkel M.S. Chronotropic effects of cytokines and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NMMA, on cardiac myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 205:1994;992-997.
216. O'Murchu B., Miller V.M., Perrella M.A., Burnett J.C. Increased production of nitric oxide in coronary arteries during congestive heart failure. J Clin Invest. 93:1994;165-171.
217. Oral H., Dorn G.W., Mann D.L. Sphingosine mediates the immediate negative inotropic effects of tumor necrosis factor-α in the adult mammalian cardiac myocyte. J Biol Chem. 272:1997;4836-4842.
218. Oyama J.-I., Shimokawa H., Momii H., Cheng X.-S., Fukuyama N., Arai Y., Egashira K., Nakazawa H., Takeshita A. Role of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in the cytokine-induced sustained myocardial dysfunction in dogs in vivo. J Clin Invest. 101:1998;2207-2214.
219. Pabla R., Curtis M.J. Effects of NO modulation on cardiac arrhythmias in the rat isolated heart. Circ Res. 77:1995;984-992.
220. Pabla R., Curtis M.J. Effect of endogenous nitric oxide on cardiac systolic and diastolic function during ischaemia and reperfusion in the rat isolated perfused heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 28:1996;2111-2121.
221. Pabla R., Buda A.J., Flynn D.M., Salzberg D.B., Lefer D.J. Intracoronary nitric oxide improves postischaemic coronary blood flow and myocardial contractile function. Am J Physiol. 269:1995;H1113-H1121.
222. Pabla R., Buda A.J., Flynn D.M., Blessé S.A., Shin A.M., Curtis M.J., Lefer D.J. Nitric oxide attenuates neutrophil-mediated myocardial contractile dysfunction after ischaemia and reperfusion. Circ Res. 78:1996;65-72.
223. Pacelli R., Wink D.A., Cook J.A., Krishna M.C., DeGraff W., Friedman N., Tsokos M., Samuni A., Mitchell J.B. Nitric oxide potentiates hydrogen peroxide-induced killing of Escherichia coli. J Exp Med. 182:1995;1469-1479.
224. Papapetropoulos A., Rudic R.D., Sessa W.C. Molecular control of nitric oxide synthases in the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res. 43:1999;509-520.
225. Park K.H., Rubin L.E., Gross S.S., Levi R. Nitric oxide is a mediator of hypoxic coronary vasodilatation. Relation to adenosine and cyclooxygenase-derived metabolites. Circ Res. 71:1992;992-1001.
226. Patel V.C., Yellon D.M., Singh K.J., Neild G.H., Woolfson R.G. Inhibition of nitric oxide limits infarct size in the in situ rabbit heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 194:1993;234-238.
227. Paulus W.J. Nitric oxide and cardiac contraction. clinical studies Lewis M.J., Shah A.M. Endothelial Modulation of Cardiac Function. 1997;35-51 Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam.
228. Paulus W.J., Shah A.M. Nitric oxide and cardiac diastolic function. Cardiovasc Res. 43:1999;595-606.
229. Paulus W.J., Vantrimpont P.J., Shah A.M. Acute effects of nitric oxide on left ventricular relaxation and diastolic distensibility in humans. Circulation. 89:1994;2070-2078.
230. Paulus W.J., Vantrimpont P.J., Shah A.M. Paracrine coronary endothelial control of left ventricular function in humans. Circulation. 92:1995;2119-2126.
231. Paulus W.J., Kästner S., Pujadas P., Shah A.M., Drexler H., Vanderheyden M. Left ventricular contractile effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the human allograft. Circulation. 96:1997;3436-3442.
232. Pellacani A., Wiesel P., Sharma A., Foster L.C., Huggins G.S., Yet S.-F., Perrella M.A. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 during endotoxemia is downregulated by transforming growth factor-β1. Circ Res. 83:1998;396-403.
233. Penny D.J., Chen H., Smolich J.J. Increased aortic blood pressure contributes to potentiated dobutamine inotropic responses after systemic NO synthase inhibition in sheep. Cardiovasc Res. 40:1998;282-289.
234. Pepper C.B., Shah A.M. Endothelial modulation of myocardial contraction. a novel cardioregulatory mechanism? Vincent J.-L. 1995 Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. 1995;492-504 Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
235. Pfitzer G., Ruegg J.C., Flockerzi V., Hoffman F. cGMP-dependent protein kinase decreases calcium sensitivity of skinned cardiac fibers. FEBS Lett. 149:1982;171-175.
236. Ping P., Takano H., Zhang J., Tang X.-L., Qiu Y., Li R.C.X., Banerjee S., Dawn B., Balafonova Z., Bolli R. Isoform-selective activation of protein kinase C by nitric oxide in the heart of conscious rabbits. A signaling mechanism for both nitric oxide-induced and ischemia-induced preconditioning. Circ Res. 84:1999;587-604.
237. Pinsky D.J., Oz M.C., Koga S., Taha Z., Broekman M.J., Marcus A.J., Liao H., Naka Y., Brett J., Cannon P.J. Cardiac preservation is enhanced in a heterotopic rat transplant model by supplementing the nitric oxide pathway. J Clin Invest. 93:1994;2291-2297.
238. Pinsky D.J., Cai B., Yang X., Rodriguez C., Sciacca R.R., Cannon P.J. The lethal effects of cytokine-induced nitric oxide on cardiac myocytes are blocked by nitric oxide synthase antagonism or transforming growth factor beta. J Clin Invest. 95:1995;677-685.
239. Pinsky D.J., Patton S., Mesaros S., Brovkovych V., Kubaszewski E., Grunfeld S., Malinski T. Mechanical transduction of nitric oxide synthesis in the beating heart. Circ Res. 81:1997;372-379.
240. Piper H.M., Garcia-Dorado D., Ovize M. A fresh look at reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res. 38:1998;291-300.
241. Pohl U., Busse R. Hypoxia stimulates release of endothelium-derived relaxant factor. Am J Physiol. 256:1989;H1595-H1600.
242. Prendergast B.D., Sagach V.F., Shah A.M. Basal release of nitric oxide augments the Frank-Starling response in the isolated heart. Circulation. 96:1997;1320-1329.
243. Prendergast B.D., MacCarthy P.A., Wilson J.F., Shah A.M. Nitric oxide enhances the inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation in the isolated guinea-pig heart. Basic Res Cardiol. 93:1998;276-284.
244. Qiu Y., Rizvi A., Tang X.-L., Manchikalapudi S., Takano H., Jadoon A.K., Wu W.J., Bolli R. Nitric oxide triggers late preconditioning against myocardial infarction in conscious rabbits. Am J Physiol. 273:1997;H2931-H2936.
245. Quyyumi A.A., Mulcahy D., Andrews N.P., Husain S., Panza J.A., Cannon R.O. Coronary vascular nitric oxide activity in hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Comparison of acetylcholine and substance P. Circulation. 95:1997;104-110.
246. Radi R., Rodriguez M., Castro L., Telleri R. Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport by peroxynitrite. Arch Biochem Biophys. 308:1994;89-95.
247. Ranjan V., Xiao Z., Diamond S.L. Constitutive NOS expression in cultured endothelial cells is elevated by fluid shear stress. Am J Physiol. 269:1995;H550-H555.
248. Recchia F.A., McConnell P.I., Bernstein R.D., Vogel T.R., Xu X., Hintze T.H. Reduced nitric oxide production and altered myocardial metabolism during the decompensation of pacing-induced heart failure in the conscious dog. Circ Res. 83:1998;969-979.
249. Ritchie R.H., Schiebinger R.J., Lapointe M.C., Marsh J.D. Angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of adult rat cardiomyocytes is blocked by nitric oxide. Am J Physiol. 275:1998;H1370-H1374.
250. Roberts A.B., Vodovotz Y., Roche N.S., Sporn M.B., Nathan C.F. Role of nitric oxide in antagonistic effects of transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-1β on the beating rate of cultured cardiac myocytes. Mol Endocrinol. 6:1992;1921-1930.
251. Robinson N.M., Westmore K.R., Martin J.F., Emson P., Charles I.G. Inducible nitric oxide synthase gene transcription and protein activity in the rat heart during endotoxaemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 231:1997;211-216.
252. Rubanyi G.M., Romero J.C., Vanhoutte P.M. Flow-induced release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Am J Physiol. 250:1986;H1145-H1149.
253. Russell M.E., Wallace A.F., Wyner L.R., Newell J.B., Karnovsky M.J. Upregulation and modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat cardiac allografts with chronic rejection and transplant arteriosclerosis. Circulation. 92:1995;457-464.
254. Sadoff J.D., Scholz P.M., Tse J., Weiss H.R. Increased guanylate cyclase activity is associated with an increase in cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate in left ventricular hypertrophy. J Clin Invest. 98:1996;838-845. a.
255. Sadoff J.D., Scholz P.M., Weiss H.R. Endogenous basal nitric oxide production does not control myocardial oxygen consumption or function. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 211:1996;332-338. b.
256. Saeki A., Recchia F.A., Senzaki H., Kass D.A. Minimal role of nitric oxide in basal coronary flow regulation and cardiac energetics of blood-perfused isolated canine heart. J Physiol (Lond). 491:1996;455-463.
257. Sagach V.F., Shimanskaya T.V., Sagach V.V., Bogomolets A.A. Coronary endothelium dysfunction and heart failure. J Heart Failure. 5:1998;79.
258. Satoh M., Nakamura M., Tamura G., Makita S., Segawa I., Tashiro A., Satodate R., Hiramori K. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in myocardium in human dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 29:1997;716-724.
259. Schluter K.D., Weber M., Schraven E., Piper H.M. NO donor SIN-1 protects against reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury by a dual action. Am J Physiol. 267:1994;H1461-H1466.
260. Schluter K.D., Jakob G., Ruiz-Meana M., Garcia-Dorado D., Piper H.M. Protection of reoxygenated cardiomyocytes against osmotic fragility by nitric oxide donors. Am J Physiol. 271:1996;H428-H434.
261. Schulz R., Wambolt R. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis protects the isolated working rabbit heart from ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res. 30:1995;432-439.
262. Schulz R., Smith J.A., Lewis M.J., Moncada S. Nitric oxide synthase in cultured endocardial cells of the pig. Br J Pharmacol. 104:1991;21-24.
263. 2+-independent nitric oxide synthase in the myocardium. Br J Pharmacol. 105:1992;575-580.
264. Schulz R., Panas D.L., Catena R., Moncada S., Olley P.M., Lopaschuk G.D. The role of nitric oxide in cardiac depression induced by interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α Br J Pharmacol. 114:1995;27-34.
265. Schulz R., Dodge K.L., Lopaschuk G.D., Clanachan A.S. Peroxynitrite impairs cardiac contractile function by decreasing cardiac efficiency. Am J Physiol. 272:1997;H1212-H1219.
266. Schwartz P., Dien R., Dun N.J., Forstermann U. Endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide inhibits norepinephrine release from rat heart sympathetic nerves. Circ Res. 77:1995;841-848.
267. Sears C.E., Choate J.K., Paterson D.J. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase slows heart rate recovery from cholinergic activation. J Appl Physiol. 84:1998;1596-1603.
268. Seki T., Hagiwara H., Naruse K., Kadowaki M., Kashiwagi M., Demura H., Hirose S., Naruse M. In situ identification of messenger RNA of endothelial type nitric oxide synthase in rat cardiac myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 218:1996;601-605.
269. Sessa W.C., Pritchard K., Seyedi N., Wang J., Hintze T.H. Chronic exercise in dogs increases coronary vascular nitric oxide production and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Circ Res. 74:1994;349-353.
270. Shah A.M. Paracrine modulation of heart cell function by endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res. 31:1996;847-867.
271. Shah A.M., Andries L.J., Meulemans A.L., Brutsaert D.L. Endocardium modulates myocardial inotropic response to 5-hydroxytryptamine. Am J Physiol. 257:1989;H1790-H1797. a.
272. Shah A.M., Meulemans A.L., Brutsaert D.L. Myocardial inotropic responses to aggregating platelets and modulation by the endocardium. Circulation. 79:1989;1315-1323. b.
273. Shah A.M., Lewis M.J., Henderson A.H. Effects of 8-bromo-cyclic GMP on contraction and on inotropic response of ferret cardiac muscle. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 23:1990;55-64.
274. 2+ in intact cardiac myocytes. Circ Res. 74:1994;970-978.
275. Shah A.M., Silverman H.S., Griffiths E.J., Spurgeon H.A., Lakatta E.G. cGMP prevents delayed relaxation at reoxygenation after brief hypoxia in isolated cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol. 268:1995;H2396-H2404.
276. Shen W., Xu X., Ochoa M., Zhao G., Wolin M.S., Hintze T.H. Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of oxygen consumption in conscious dogs. Circ Res. 75:1994;1086-1095.
277. Shen W., Hintze T.H., Wolin M.S. Nitric oxide. an important signaling mechanism between vascular endothelium and parenchymal cells in the regulation of oxygen consumption Circulation. 92:1995;1086-1095.
278. Sherman A.J., Davis C.A., Klocke F.J., Harris K.R., Srinivasan G., Yaacoub A.S., Quinn D.A., Ahlin K.A., Jang J.J. Blockade of nitric oxide synthesis reduces myocardial oxygen consumption in vivo. Circulation. 95:1997;1328-1334.
279. Shiki K., Hearse D.J. Preconditioning of ischaemic myocardium. reperfusion-induced arrhythmias Am J Physiol. 253:1987;H1470-H1476.
280. Shindo T., Ikeda U., Ohkawa F., Takahashi M., Funayama H., Nishinaga M., Kawahara Y., Yokoyama M., Kasahara T., Shimada K. Nitric oxide synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. Life Sci. 55:1994;1101-1108.
281. Silverman H.S., Ninomiya M., Blank P.S., Hano O., Miyata H.A., Spurgeon H.A., Lakatta E.G., Stern M.D. A cellular mechanism for impaired posthypoxic relaxation in isolated cardiac myocytes. Altered myofilament relaxation kinetics at reoxygenation. Circ Res. 69:1991;196-208.
282. Simmons W.W., Closs E.I., Cunningham J.M., Smith T.W., Kelly R.A. Cytokines and insulin induce cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) expression in cardiac myocytes. Regulation of L-arginine transport and no production by CAT-1, CAT-2A, and CAT-2B. J Biol Chem. 271:1996;11694-11702.
283. Singh K., Balligand J.L., Fischer T.A., Smith T.W., Kelly R.A. Glucocorticoids increase osteopontin expression in cardiac myocytes and microvascular endothelial cells. Role in regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem. 270:1995;28471-28478.
284. Singh K., Balligand J.-L., Fischer T.A., Smith T.W., Kelly R.A. Regulation of cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes and microvascular endothelial cells. role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/ERK2) and STAT1α J Biol Chem. 271:1996;1-7.
285. Siow R.C.M., Sato H., Mann G.E. Heme oxygenase-carbon monoxide signalling pathway in atherosclerosis. anti-atherogenic actions of bilirubin and carbon monoxide? Cardiovasc Res. 41:1999;385-394.
286. Smith C.J., Sun D., Hoegler C., Roth B.S., Zhang X., Zhao G., Xu X.-B., Kobari Y., Pritchard K., Sesa W.C., Hintze T.H. Reduced gene expression of vascular endothelial NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-1 in heart failure. Circ Res. 78:1996;58-64.
287. Smith J.A., Shah A.M., Lewis M.J. Factors released from endothelium of the ferret and pig modulate myocardial contraction. J Physiol (Lond). 439:1991;1-14.
288. Smith J.A., Radomski M.W., Schulz R., Moncada S., Lewis M.J. Porcine ventricular endocardial cells in culture express the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase. Br J Pharmacol. 108:1993;1107-1110.
289. Song W., Furman B.L., Parratt J.R. Delayed protection against ischaemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias and infarct size limitation by the prior administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Br J Pharmacol. 118:1996;2157-2163.
290. ++-dependent constitutive nitric oxide synthase is not involved in the cyclic GMP-increasing effects of carbachol in ventricular cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 266:1993;919-925.
291. Stein B., Frank P., Schmitz W., Scholz H., Thoenes M. Endotoxin and cytokines induce direct cardiodepressive effects in mammalian cardiomyocytes via induction of nitric oxide synthase. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 28:1996;1631-1639.
292. Stein B., Eschenhagen T., Rüdiger J., Scholz H., Förstermann U., Gath I. Increased expression of constitutive nitric oxide synthase III, but not inducible nitric oxide synthase II, in human heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 32:1998;1179-1186.
293. Stoyanovsky D., Murphy T., Anno P.R., Kim Y.-M., Salama G. Nitric oxide activates skeletal and cardiac ryanodine receptors. Cell Calcium. 21:1997;19-29.
294. Su J.B., Barbe F., Houel R., Guyene T.T., Crozatier B., Hittinger L. Preserved vasodilator effect of bradykinin in dogs with heart failure. Circulation. 98:1998;2911-2918.
295. Sun W., Wainwright C.L. The role of nitric oxide in modulating ischaemia-induced arrhythmias in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 29:1997;554-562.
296. Sun X., Delbridge L.M.D., Dusting G.J. Cardiodepressant effects of interferon-gamma and endotoxin reversed by inhibition of NO synthase 2 in rat myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 30:1998;989-997.
297. Suto N., Mikuniya A., Okubo T., Hanada H., Shinozaki N., Okumura K. Nitric oxide modulates cardiac contractility and oxygen consumption without changing contractile efficiency. Am J Physiol. 275:1998;H41-H49.
298. Szabolcs M., Michler R.E., Yang X., Aji W., Roy D., Athan E., Sciacca R.R., Minanov O.P., Cannon P.J. Apoptosis of cardiac myocytes during cardiac allograft rejection. Relation to induction of nitric oxide synthase. Circulation. 94:1996;1665-1673.
299. Takano H., Manchikalapudi S., Tang X.-L., Qiu Y., Rizvi A., Jadoon A.K., Zhang Q., Bolli R. Nitric oxide synthase is the mediator of late preconditioning against myocardial infarction in conscious rabbits. Circulation. 98:1998;441-449.
300. Tanabe A., Naruse M., Seki T., Adachi C., Yoshimoto T., Imaki T., Naruse K., Demura R., Demura H. Gene expression of endothelin-1 and endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase in cardiovascular tissues of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats/Izm. effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor aracepril J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 31(suppl. 1):1998;S395-S398.
301. Tao S., McKenna T.M. In vitro endotoxin exposure induces contractile dysfunction in adult rat cardiac myocytes. Am J Physiol. 267:1994;H1745-H1752.
302. 2+ in septic shock. lack of role for nitric oxide J Mol Cell Cardiol. 30(suppl.):1998;A44. a.
303. Tavernier B., Garrigue D., Boulle C., Vallet B., Adnet P. Myofilament calcium sensitivity is decreased in skinned cardiac fibres of endotoxin-treated rabbits. Cardiovasc Res. 38:1998;472-479. b.
304. Thoenes M., Forstermann U., Tracey W.R., Bleese N.M., Nussler A.K., Scholz H., Stein B. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in failing and non-failing human heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 28:1996;165-169.
305. Tiefenbacher C.P., Chilian W.M., Mitchell M., DeFily D.V. Restoration of endothelium-dependent vasodilation after reperfusion injury by tetrahydrobiopterin. Circulation. 94:1996;1423-1429.
306. Torre-Amione G., Kapadia S., Lee J., Durand J.B., Bies R.D., Young J.B., Mann D.L. Tumor necrosis factor α and tumor necrosis factor receptors in the failing human heart. Circulation. 93:1996;704-711.
307. Treasure C.B., Vita J.A., Cox D.A., Fish R.D., Gordon J.B., Mudge G.H., Colucci W.S., St John Sutton M.G., Selwyn A.P., Alexander R.W., Ganz P. Endothelium dependent dilation of the coronary microvasculature is impaired in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 81:1990;772-779.
308. Treasure C.B., Klein J.L., Vita J.A., Manoukian S.V., Renwick G.H., Selwyn A.P., Ganz P., Alexander R.W. Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy are associated with impaired endothelium-mediated relaxation in human coronary resistance vessels. Circulation. 87:1993;86-93.
309. Tsao P.S., Aoki N., Lefer D.J., Johnson G., Lefer A.M. Time course of endothelial dysfunction and myocardial injury during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the cat. Circulation. 82:1990;1402-1412.
310. Tsujino M., Hirata Y., Imai T., Kanno K., Eguchi S., Ito H., Marumo F. Induction of nitric oxide synthase gene by interleukin-1β in cultured rat cardiocytes. Circulation. 90:1994;375-383.
311. Ungureanu-Longrois D., Balligand J.L., Okada I., Simmons W.W., Kobzik L., Lowenstein C.J., Kunkel S.L., Michel T., Kelly R.A., Smith T.W. Contractile responsiveness of ventricular myocytes to isoproterenol is regulated by induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in heterotypic primary culture. Circ Res. 77:1995;486-493. a.
312. Ungureanu-Longrois D., Balligand J.L., Simmons W.W., Okada I., Kobzik L., Lowenstein C.J., Kunkel S.L., Michel T., Kelly R.A., Smith T.W. Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity by cytokines in ventricular myocytes is necessary but not sufficient to decrease contractile responsiveness to beta-adrenergic agonists. Circ Res. 77:1995;494-502. b.
313. 2+ current in human atrial myocytes. J Physiol. 506:1998;653-663.
314. Vandecasteele G., Eschenhagen T., Scholz H., Stein B., Verde I., Fischmeister R. Muscarinic and β-adrenergic regulation of heart rate, force of contraction and calcium current is preserved in mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Nature Med. 5:1999;331-334.
315. Vanderheyden, M., Pujadas, P., & Paulus, W. J. (1997). Paracrine myocardial contractile response to coronary endothelial stimulation in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 96, I-392.
316. Vegh A., Gy Papp J., Szekeres L., Parratt J.R. The local intracoronary
317. Vegh A., Szekeres L., Parratt J. Preconditioning of the ischaemic myocardium; involvement of the L-arginine nitric oxide pathway. Br J Pharmacol. 107:1992;648-652. b.
318. Vegh A., Gy Papp J., Szekeres L., Parratt J.R. Prevention by an inhibitor of the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway of the antiarrhythmic effects of bradykinin in anaesthetized dogs. Br J Pharmacol. 110:1993;18-19.
319. Vejlstrup N.G., Bouloumie A., Boesgaard S., Andersen C.B., Nielsen-Kudsk J.E., Mortensen S.A., Kent J.D., Harrison D.G., Busse R., Aldershville J. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the human heart. expression and localization in congestive heart failure J Mol Cell Cardiol. 30:1998;1215-1223.
320. Vila-Petroff M.G., Younes A., Egan J., Lakatta E.G., Sollott S.J. Activation of distinct cAMP-dependent and cGMP-dependent pathways by nitric oxide in cardiac myocytes. Circ Res. 84:1999;1020-1031.
321. Wahler G.M., Dollinger S. Nitric oxide donor SIN-1 inhibits mammalian cardiac calcium current through cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Am J Physiol. 268:1995;C45-C54.
322. 2+ responsiveness in aequorin-loaded ferret myocardium. Circ Res. 69:1991;582-589.
323. Wang J., Wolin M.S., Hintze T.H. Chronic exercise enhances endothelium-mediated dilation of epicardial coronary artery in conscious dogs. Circ Res. 73:1993;829-838.
324. Wang J., Yi G.H., Knecht M., Cai B.L., Poposkis S., Packer M., Burkhoff D. Physical training alters the pathogenesis of pacing-induced heart failure through endothelium-mediated mechanisms in awake dogs. Circulation. 96:1997;2683-2692.
325. Wang P.H., Zweier J.L. Measurement of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite generation in the post-ischaemic heart - evidence for peroxynitrite-mediated reperfusion injury. J Biol Chem. 271:1996;29223-29230.
326. 2+ current mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in atrial myocytes. Circ Res. 76:1995;634-644.
327. Wei X.Q., Charles I.G., Smith A., Ure J., Feng G.J., Huang F.P., Xu D., Muller W., Moncada S., Liew F.Y. Altered immune responses in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. Nature. 375:1995;408-411.
328. Weiner C.P., Lizasoain I., Baylis S.A., Knowles R.G., Charles I.A., Moncada S. Induction of calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91:1994;5212-5216.
329. Weselcouch E.O., Baird A.J., Sleph P., Grover G.J. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis does not affect ischaemic preconditioning in isolated perfused rat hearts. Am J Physiol. 268:1995;H242-H249.
330. Wever R.M.F., Luscher T.F., Cosentino F., Rabelink T.J. Atherosclerosis and the two faces of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Circulation. 97:1998;108-112.
331. Weyrich A.S., Ma X.L., Buerke M., Murohara T., Armstead V.E., Lefer A.M., Nicolas J.M., Thomas A.P., Lefer D.J., Vinten-Johansen J. Physiological concentrations of nitric oxide do not elicit an acute negative inotropic effect in unstimulated cardiac muscle. Circ Res. 75:1994;692-700.
332. Wiemer G., Linz W., Hatrik S., Scholkens B.A., Malinski T. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition alters nitric oxide and superoxide release in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 30:1997;1183-1190.
333. Wildhirt S.M., Dudek R.R., Suzuki H., Pinto V., Narayan K.S., Bing R.J. Immunohistochemistry in the identification of nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes in myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 29:1995;526-531.
334. Wildhirt S.M., Suzuki H., Wolf W.P., Dudek R., Horstman D., Weismueller S., Reichart B. S-Methylisothiourea inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and improves left ventricular performance after acute myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 227:1996;328-333.
335. Wildhirt S.M., Suzuki H., Horstman D., Weismuller S., Dudek R.R., Akiyama K., Reichart B. Selective modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase isozyme in myocardial infarction. Circulation. 96:1997;1616-1623.
336. Williams M.W., Taft C.S., Ramnauth S., Zhao Z.-Q., Vinten-Johansen J. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) protects against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rabbit. Cardiovasc Res. 30:1995;79-86.
337. Winegrad S. Endothelial cell regulation of contractility of the heart. Annu Rev Physiol. 59:1997;505-525.
338. Wink D.A., Hanbauer I., Krishna M.C., DeGraff W., Gamson J., Mitchell J.B. Nitric oxide protects aginst cellular damage and cytotoxicity from reactive oxygen species. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90:1993;9813-9817.
339. Wollenberger A., Babskii E.B., Krause E.G., Genz S., Blohm D., Bogdanova E.V. Cyclic changes in levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in frog myocardium during the cardiac cycle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 55:1973;446-452.
340. Woolfson R.G., Patel V.C., Neild G.H., Yellon D.M. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis reduces infarct size by an adenosine-dependent mechanism. Circulation. 91:1995;1545-1551.
341. Worrall N.K., Chang K., Suau G.M., Allison W.S., Misko T.P., Sullivan P.M., Tilton R.G., Williamson J.R., Ferguson T.B. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase prevents graft and systemic vascular barrier dysfunction during early cardiac allograft rejection. Circ Res. 78:1996;769-779. a.
342. Worrall N.K., Misko T.P., Sullivan P.M., Hui J.J., Ferguson T.B. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase attenuates established acute cardiac allograft rejection. Ann Thorac Surg. 62:1996;378-385. b.
343. Xia Y., Dawson V.L., Dawson T.M., Snyder S.H., Zweier J.L. Nitric oxide synthase generates superoxide and nitric oxide in arginine-depleted cells leading to peroxynitrite-mediated cellular injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;6770-6774.
344. Xie Y.-W., Shen W., Zhao G., Xu X., Wolin M.S., Hintze T.H. Role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the modulation of canine myocardial mitochondrial respiration in vitro. Circ Res. 79:1996;381-387.
345. Xie Y.-W., Kaminski P.M., Wolin M.S. Inhibition of rat cardiac muscle contraction and mitochondrial respiration by endogenous peroxynitrite formation during posthypoxic reoxygenation. Circ Res. 82:1998;891-897.
346. Xu K.Y., Huso D.L., Dawson T.M., Bredt D.S., Becker L.C. Nitric oxide synthase in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:1999;657-662.
347. Xu L., Eu J.P., Meissner G., Stamler J.S. Activation of the cardiac calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) by poly-S-nitrosylation. Science. 279:1998;234-237.
348. Yamamoto K., Ikeda U., Okada K., Saito T., Kawahara Y., Okuda M., Yokoyama M., Shimada K. Arginine vasopressin increases nitric oxide synthesis in cytokine-stimulated rat cardiac myocytes. Hypertension. 30:1997;1112-1130.
349. Yamamoto S., Tsutsui H., Tagawa H., Saito K., Takahashi M., Tada H., Yamamoto M., Katoh M., Egashira K., Takeshita A. Role of myocyte nitric oxide in beta-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness in heart failure. Circulation. 95:1997;1111-1114.
350. Yang X., Chowdhury N., Cai B., Brett J., Marboe C., Sciacca R.R., Michler R.E., Cannon P.J. Induction of myocardial nitric oxide synthase by cardiac allograft rejection. J Clin Invest. 94:1994;714-721.
351. Yasmin W., Strynadka K.D., Schulz R. Generation of peroxynitrite contributes to ischaemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. Cardiovasc Res. 33:1997;422-432.
352. 2+ in cardiac myocytes. Circ Res. 81:1997;1011-1020.
353. Yellon D.M., Baxter G.F., Garcia-Dorado D., Heusch G., Sumeray M.S. Ischaemic preconditioning. present position and future directions Cardiovasc Res. 37:1998;21-33.
354. Yoshizumi M., Perrella M.A., Burnett J.C., Lee M.E. Tumor necrosis factor downregulates an endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA by shortening its half-life. Circ Res. 73:1993;205-209.
355. Zakharov S.I., Pieramici S., Kumar G.K., Prabhakar N.R., Harvey R.D. Nitric oxide synthase activity in guinea pig ventricular myocytes is not involved in muscarinic inhibition of cAMP-regulated ion channels. Circ Res. 78:1996;925-935.
356. Zhang J., Snyder S.H. Nitric oxide stimulates auto-ADP-ribosylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 89:1992;9382-9385.
357. Zhang X., Xie Y.-W., Nasjletti A., Xu X., Wolin M.S., Hintze T.H. ACE inhibitors promote nitric oxide accumulation to modulate myocardial oxygen consumption. Circulation. 95:1997;176-182.
358. Ziolo M.T., Dollinger S.J., Wahler G.M. Myocytes isolated from rejecting transplanted rat hearts exhibit reduced basal shortening which is reversible by aminoguanidine. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 30:1998;1009-1017.
359. Zweier J.L. Measurement of superoxide-derived free radicals in the reperfused heart. Evidence for a free radical mechanism of reperfusion injury. J Biol Chem. 263:1988;1353-1357.