Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection among pregnant women in Peshawar, Pakistan: Prevalence and risk factors

Tropical Doctor

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 81-84

  Anwar, T ^a   Cuevas, L E ^a,b   Shears, P ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; FEMALE; GONORRHEA; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; PREGNANCY; PREVALENCE; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE;

DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; FEMALE; GONORRHEA; HOSPITALS, TEACHING; HUMANS; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; PAKISTAN; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIOUS; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; URINATION DISORDERS; VAGINAL DISCHARGE;

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE;

EID: 0034069092     PISSN: 00494755     EISSN: 17581133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/004947550003000209     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Goodrich JT. Treatment of gonorrhoea in pregnancy. Sex Transm Dis, 1979;6:168-73.
2. Al-Suleiman SA, Grimes EM, Jonas HS. Disseminated gonococcal infection. Obstet Gynecol, 1983;61:48-51.
3. Hook EW III, Holmes KK. Gonococcal infections. Ann Intern Med, 1985;102:229-43.
4. Elliot B, Brunham RC, Laga M et al. (Maternal gonococcal infection as a preventable risk factor for low birth weight. J Infect Dis, 1990;161:531-6.
5. Alary M, Laga M, Vuylsteke B, Nzila N, Piot P. Signs and symptoms of prevalent and incident case of gonorrhea and genital chlamydial infection among female prostitutes in Kinshasa, Zaire. Clin Infect Dis, 1996;22:477-84.
6. Wasserheit JN. Epidemiological synergy. Interrelationships between human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Sex Transm Dis, 1992;19: 61-77.
7. Laga M, Alary M, Nzila N et al. Condom promotion, sexually transmitted diseases treatment, and declining incidence of HIV 1 infection in female Zairian sex workers. Lancet, 1994;344:246-8.
8. Plourde PJ, Plummer FA, Pepin J et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Kenya. J Infect Dis, 1992;16:686-92.
9. Van Dyck E, Piot P, Meheus A. Bench-Level Laboratory Manual for Sexually Transmitted Diseases, WHO/VDT/89.443. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1989.
10. Ayra OP, Lawson JB, Sexually transmitted diseases in the tropics Epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and control aspects. Trop Doc, 1997;7:51-6.
11. Charles AG, Cohens S, Kass MB et al. Asymptomatic gonorrhea in prenatal patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1970; 108:595-9.
12. Stoll BJ, Kanto WP, Glas RI et al. Treated maternal gonorrhea without adverse effect on outcome of pregnancy. Southern Med J, 1982;75:1236-8.
13. Goh T, Ngeow YF, Teoh SK. Screening for gonorrhoea in a prenatal clinic in Southeast Asia. Sex Transm Dis, 1981;8:67-9.
14. Okonofua FE, Ako Nai KA, Dighitoghi MD. Lower genital tract infections in infertile Nigerian women compared with controls. Genitourin Med, 1995;71:163-8.
15. Bourgeois A, Henzel D, Dibanga G et al. Development and evaluation of screening algorithms for sexually transmitted diseases in pregnant women at Libreville, Gabon. Santé, 1996;6:115-21.
16. Mwakagile D, Swai AB, Sandstrom E, Urassa E, Biberfeld G, Mhalu FS. High frequency of sexually transmitted diseases among pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: need for intervention. E Afr Med J, 1996;73:675-8.
17. Mayaud P, Grosskurth H, Changalucha J et al. Risk assessment and other screening options for gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections in women attending rural Tanzanian antenatal clinics. Bull WHO, 1995;73:621-30.
18. Vuylsteke B, Bastos R, Barreto J et al. Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in rural area in Mozambique. Genitourin Med, 1993;69:427-30.
19. Leroy V, De Clercq A, Ladner J, Bogaerts J, Van de Perre P, Dabis F. Should screening of genital infections be part of antenatal care in areas of high HIV prevalence? A prospective cohort study from Kigali, Rwanda, 1992-1993 by the Pregnancy and HIV (EGE) Group. Genitourin Med, 1995;71:207-11.
20. Meheus A. Policies and principles for prevention and care of sexually transmitted disease. WHO Global Program on AIDS, WHO/GPA/TEM/94.1. Geneva: WHO, 1994.
21. Lim KB, Thirumoorthy T, Lee CT. Clinical experience in the use of clavulanic acid/penicillin regimens in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea. Acad Med, 1986;15:258-61.
22. World Health Organization. d. Report of a WHO Study Group, WHO Technical Report Series No. 810. Geneva: WHO, 1991.
23. Lee RV. Sexually transmitted infections. In: Gerald NB, Thomas FF, eds. Medical Complications During Pregnancy. Philadelphia: W B Saunders, 1995:405-38.
24. Nsubga PSJ, Roseberry WL, Judson F et al. Rapid assessment of STD prevalence: The validity of STD rapid indicators in Uganda. Sex Transm Dis, 1994;21:S143.
25. Britigan BE, Cohen MS, Sparling PF. Gonococcal infection: A model of molecular pathogenesis. N Engl J Med, 1985;312:1683-94.
26. McCormack WM, Stunracher RJ, Johnson K. Clinical spectrum of gonococcal infection in women. Lancet, 1977;i:1182.
27. Moses S, Muia E, Bradley JE et al. Sexual Behavior in Kenya: implications for sexually transmitted disease transmission and control. Soc Sci Med, 1994;39:1694-756.
28. ACOG Technical Bulletin Number 190. Gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections. Int J Gynecol Obstet, 1994;45:169-74.
29. Cavenee MR, Farris Jr, Spalding TR et al. Treatment of gonorrhoea in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 1993;81:33-8.
30. Thomas T, Choudhri S, Kariuki C, Moses S. Identifying cervical infection among pregnant women in Nairobi, Kenya: limitations of risk assessment and symptom-based approaches. Genitourin Med, 1996;72:334-8.