Organic phosphates in the red blood cells of fish

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology

Volumn 125, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 417-435

  Val, Adalberto Luís ^a  

^a Natl Inst Res Amazon Ave A   (Brazil)

Author keywords

2,3DPG; Adaptations; ATP; Fish; GTP; Haemoglobin; IPP; Organic phosphates

Indexed keywords

2,3 DIPHOSPHOGLYCERIC ACID; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; HEMOGLOBIN; INOSITOL PHOSPHATE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; PHOSPHATE; PURINE NUCLEOTIDE;

AEROBIC METABOLISM; ANEMIA; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ERYTHROCYTE; FISH; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM; OXYGEN AFFINITY; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; OXYGEN TRANSPORT; RAINBOW TROUT; REVIEW; SWIMMING;

EID: 0034067349     PISSN: 10956433     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00184-7     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. Affonso, E.G., 1990. Estudo sazonal de características respiratórias do sangue de Hoplosternum littorale (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) da ilha da Marchantaria, Amazonas. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia e Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus. MSc Thesis.
2. Albers C., Goetz K.-H., Hughes G.M. Effects of acclimation temperature on intraerythrocytic acid-base balance and nucleoside triphosphate in the carp, Cyprinus carpio. Resp. Physiol. 54:1983;145-159.
3. Andersen N.A., Laursen J.S., Lykkeboe G. Seasonal variations in hematocrit, red cell hemoglobin and nucleoside triphosphate concentrations, in the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 81A:1985;87-92.
4. Babiker M.M. Adaptive respiratory significance of organophosphates (ATP & GTP) in air-breathing fishes. Hydrobiologia. 110:1984;339-349.
5. Bagarinao T. Sulfide as an environmental factor and toxicant: tolerance and adaptations in aquatic organisms. Aquat. Toxicol. 24:1992;21-62.
6. Bagarinao T. Sulfide-hemoglobin interactions in the sulfide tolerant salt marsh resident, the California killifish Fundulus heteroclitus. J. Comp. Physiol. 162B:1992;614-624.
7. Bartlett G.R. Phosphate compounds in rat erythrocytes and reticulocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 70:1976;1055-1062.
8. Bartlett G.R. Phosphate compounds in red cells of reptiles, amphibians and fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 55A:1976;211-214.
9. Bartlett G.R. Phosphate compounds in reptilian and avian red blood cells: developmental changes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 61A:1978;191-202.
10. Bartlett G.R. Phosphates in red cells of two lungfish: the South American, Lepidosiren paradoxa, and the African, Protopterus aethiopicus. Can. J. Zool. 56:1978;882-886.
11. Bartlett G.R. Phosphates in red cells of two South American osteoglossids: Arapaima gigas and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum. Can. J. Zool. 56:1978;878-881.
12. Bartlett G.R. Water-soluble phosphates of fish red cells. Can. J. Zool. 56:1978;870-877.
13. Bartlett G.R. Phosphate compounds in red cells, liver and skeletal muscle of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata. Copeia. 1979(2):1979;360-363.
14. Bartlett G.R. Phosphate compounds in vertebrate red blood cells. Am. Zool. 20:1980;103-114.
15. Bartlett G.R. Developmental changes of phosphates in red cells of the emu and the rhea. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 73A:1982;129-134.
16. Bartlett G.R. Phosphate compounds in red cells of two dogfish sharks: Squalus acanthias and Mustelus canis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 73A:1982;135-140.
17. Bartlett G.R. Phosphates in red cells of a hagfish and a lamprey. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 73A:1982;141-145.
18. Bartlett G.R., Borgese T.A. Phosphate compounds in red cells of the chicken and duck embryo and hatchling. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 55A:1976;207-210.
19. Bartlett G.R., Schwantes A.R., Val A.L. Studies on the influence of nitrite on methemoglobin formation in amazonian fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 86C:1987;449-456.
20. Baumann R., Teischel F., Zoch R., Bartels H. Changes in red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration as cause of the postnatal decrease of pig blood oxygen affinity. Resp. Physiol. 19:1973;153-161.
21. Benesch R.E., Benesch R. The effect of organic phosphates from the human erythrocyte on the allosteric properties of hemoglobin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 26:1967;162-167.
22. Benesch R.E., Benesch R. The mechanism of interaction of red cell organic phosphates with hemoglobin. Adv. Protein Chem. 28:1974;211-237.
23. Bollard B.A., Pankhurst N.W., Wells R.M.G. Effects of artificially elevated plasma-cortisol levels on blood parameters in the teleost fish Pagrus auratus (Sparidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 106:1993;157-162.
24. Borgese T.A., Nagel R.L. Inositol pentaphosphate in fish red blood cells. J. Exp. Zool. 205:1978;133-140.
25. Brauner C., Wang T. The optimal oxygen equilibria curve: a comparison between environmental hypoxia and anemia. Amer. Zool. 37:1997;101-108.
26. Brauner C.J., Ballantyne C.L., Randall D.J., Val A.L. Air breathing in the armoured catfish (Hoplosternum littorale) as an adaptation to hypoxic, acid, and hydrogen sulphide rich waters. Can. J. Zool. 73:1995;739-744.
27. Brauner C.J., Ballantyne C.L., Vijayan M.M., Val A.L. Crude oil affects air-breathing frequency, blood phosphate levels and ion regulation in an air-breathing teleost fish, Hoplosternum littorale. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 123C:1999;127-134.
28. Brauner C.J., Val A.L., Randall D.J. The effect of graded methemoglobin levels on the swimming performance of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). J. Exp. Biol. 185:1993;121-137.
29. Brett J.R. The metabolic demand for oxygen in fish, particularly salmonids, and a comparison with other vertebrates. Resp. Physiol. 14:1972;151-170.
30. Bridges C.R., Pelster B., Scheid P. Oxygen binding in blood of Xenopus laevis (Amphibia) and evidence against Root effect. Resp. Physiol. 61:1985;125-136.
31. Bunn H.F., Ransil B.J., Chao A. The interaction between erythrocyte organic phosphate, magnesium ion and hemoglobin. J. Biol. Chem. 246:1971;5273-5279.
32. Castro R.M.C., Menezes N.A. Estudo diagnóstico da diversidade de peixes do estado de São Paulo. Castro R.C.M. Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. 1998;1-13 FAPESP, São Paulo.
33. Chanutin A., Curnish R.R. Effect of organic and inorganic phosphates on the oxygen equilibrium of human erythrocytes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 121:1967;96-102.
34. Dalessio P.M., DiMichele L., Powers D.A. Adrenergic effects on the oxygen affinity and pH of cultured erythrocytes and blood of the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus. Physiol. Zool. 64:1991;1407-1425.
35. Dobson G.P., Baldwin J. Regulation of blood oxygen affinity in the Australian blackfish Gadopsis marmoratus. I: correlations between oxygen-binding properties, habitat and swimming behaviour. J. Exp. Biol. 99:1982;223-243.
36. Dobson G.P., Baldwin J. Regulation of blood oxygen affinity in the Australian blackfish Gadopsis marmoratus. II: thermal acclimation. J. Exp. Biol. 99:1982;245-254.
37. Eddy F.B., Williams E.M. Nitrite and freshwater fish. Chem. Ecol. 3:1987;1-38.
38. Fago A., Carratore V., di Prisco G. et al. The cathodic hemoglobin of Anguilla anguilla. Amino acid sequence and oxygen equilibria of a reverse Bohr effect hemoglobin with high oxygen affinity and strong phosphate sensitivity. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;18897-18902.
39. Finch C.A., Lenfant C. Oxygen transport in man. New Engl. J. Med. 286:1972;407-415.
40. Fry J.B., Weber R.E., van Aardt W.J., Fago A. The haemoglobin system of the mudfish, Labeo capensis: adaptations to temperature and hypoxia. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 120B:1998;735-742.
41. Garlick R.L., Bunn H.F., Fyhn H.J. et al. Functional studies on the separated hemoglobin components of an air-breathing catfish, Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A:1979;219-226.
42. Geoghegan W.D., Poluhowich J.J. The major erythrocytic organic phosphates of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 49B:1974;281-290.
43. Gillen R.G., Riggs A. The hemoglobins of a fresh-water teleost, Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum (Baird and Girard) - I: the effects of phosphorylated organic compounds upon the oxygen equilibria. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 38B:1971;585-595.
44. Girard F., Kister J., Bohn B., Poyart C. Functional properties of hemoglobin in human red cells. I: oxygen equilibrium curves and DPG binding. Resp. Physiol. 68:1987;227-238.
45. Goossenaerts C., Van Grieken R., Jacob W., Witters H., Vanderborght O. A microanalytical study of the gills of aluminium-exposed rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 34:1988;227-237.
46. Graham J.B. Air-Breathing Fishes. Evolution, Diversity and Adaptation. 1997;Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
47. Greaney G.S., Powers D.A. Allosteric modifiers of fish hemoglobins: in vitro and in vivo studies of the effect of ambient oxygen and pH on erythrocyte ATP concentrations. J. Exp. Zool. 203:1978;339-350.
48. Grigg G.C., Wells R.M.G., Beard L.A. Allosteric control of oxygen binding by hemoglobin during embryonic development in the crocodile Crocodylus porosus: the role of red cell organic phosphates and carbon dioxide. J. Exp. Biol. 175:1993;15-32.
49. 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance, oxygen equilibrium and molecular modelling study. J. Mol. Biol. 178:1984;731-742.
50. Hartvig M., Weber R.E. Blood adaptations for maternal-fetal oxygen transfer in the viviparous teleost, Zoarces viviparous L. Seymour R.S. Respiration and Metabolism of Embryonic Vertebrates. 1984;17-30 W. Junk Publisher, Dordrecht.
51. Hochachka P.W., Somero G.N. Biochemical Adaptations. 1984;Princeton University Press, Princeton.
52. Houston A.H., Koss T.F. Erythrocytic haemoglobin, magnesium and nucleoside triphosphate levels in rainbow trout exposed to progressive heat stress. J. Therm. Biol. 9:1984;159-164.
53. Huey D.W., Simco B.A., Criswell D.W. Nitrite-induced methemoglobin formation in channel catfish. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 109:1980;558-562.
54. Ingermann R.L., Stock M.K., Metcalfe J., Shin T.-B. Effect of ambient oxygen on organic phosphate concentrations in erythrocytes of the chick embryo. Resp. Physiol. 51:1983;141-152.
55. Ingermann R.L., Terwilliger R.C. Intraerythrocytic organic phosphates of fetal and adult seaperch (Embiotoca lateralis): their role in maternal-fetal oxygen transport. J. Comp. Physiol. 144B:1981;253-259.
56. Ingermann R.L., Terwilliger R.C. Oxygen affinities of fetal and maternal hemoglobins of the viviparous seaperch, Embiotoca lateralis. J. Comp. Physiol. B. 142:1981;523-531.
57. Isaacks R.E., Harkness D.R. Erythrocytic organic phosphates and hemoglobin function in birds, reptiles, and fishes. Am. Zool. 20:1980;115-129.
58. Isaacks R.E., Harkness D.R., Froeman G.A. et al. Studies on avian erythrocytes metabolism. II: relationship between the major phosphorylated metabolic intermediates and oxygen affinity of whole blood in chick embryos and chicks. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 53A:1976;151-156.
59. Isaacks R.E., Kim H.D. Erythrocyte phosphate composition and osmotic fragility in the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus fosteri, and osteoglossid, Scleropages schneichardti. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 79:1984;667-671.
60. Isaacks R.E., Kim H.D., Bartlett G.R., Harkness D.R. Inositol pentaphosphate in erythrocytes of a freshwater fish, pirarucu (Arapaima gigas). Life Sci. 20:1977;987-990.
61. Isaacks R.E., Kim H.D., Harkness D.R. Inositol diphosphate in erythrocytes of the lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes of the armored catfish, Pterygoplichtys sp. Can. J. Zool. 56:1978;1014-1016.
62. Iwama G.K., Boutilier R.G., Heming T.A., Randall D.J., Mazeaud M. The effects of altering gill water flow on gas transfer in rainbow trout. Can. J. Zool. 65:1987;2466-2470.
63. Jelkmann W., Bauer C. Oxygen affinity and phosphate compounds of red blood cells during intrauterine development of rabbits. Pflugers Arch. 372:1977;149-156.
64. Jensen F.B. Influence of nucleoside triphosphates, inorganic salts, NADH, catecholamines, and oxygen saturation on nitrite-induced oxidation of rainbow trout haemoglobin. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 12:1993;111-117.
65. Jensen F.B. Physiological effects of nitrite in teleosts and crustaceans. Taylor E.W. Toxicology of Aquatic Pollution. Physiological, Cellular and Molecular Approaches. 1996;169-186 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
66. Jensen F.B., Andersen N.A., Heisler N. Effects nitrite exposure on blood respiratory properties acid-base and electrolyte regulation in the carp (Cyprinus carpio). J. Comp. Physiol. 157B:1987;533-541.
67. Jensen F.B., Fago A., Weber R.E. Hemoglobin structure and function. Perry S.F., Tufts B.L. Fish Physiology. 1998;1-40 Academic Press, San Diego.
68. Jensen F.B., Nikinmaa M., Weber R.E. Effects of exercise stress on acid-base balance and respiratory function in blood of the teleost Tinca tinca. Resp. Physiol. 51:1983;291-301.
69. Jensen F.B., Nikinmaa M., Weber R.E. Environmental perturbations of oxygen transport in teleost fishes: causes, consequences and compensations. Rankin J.C., Jensen F.B. Fish Ecophysiology. 1993;161-179 Chapman & Hall, London.
70. Jensen F.B., Weber R.E. Kinetics of the acclimational responses of tench to combined hypoxia and hypercapnia. I: respiratory responses. J. Comp. Physiol. 156B:1985;197-203.
71. Jensen F.B., Weber R.E. Internal hypoxia-hypercapnia in tench exposed to aluminium in acid water: effects on blood gas transport, acid-base status and electrolyte composition in arterial blood. J. Exp. Biol. 127:1987;427-442.
72. Johansen K., Lykkeboe G., Weber R.E., Maloiy G.M.O. Respiratory properties of blood in awake and estivating lungfish, Protopterus amphibius. Resp. Physiol. 27:1976;335-345.
73. Johansen K., Mangum C.P., Lykkeboe G. Respiratory properties of the blood of Amazon fishes. Can. J. Zool. 56:1978;898-906.
74. 2 affinity associated with air breathing in osteoglossid fishes. Can. J. Zool. 56:1978;891-897.
75. Junk W.J., Bayley P.B., Sparks R.E. The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems. Dodge D.P. Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium. 1989;110-127 ILR, Canada.
76. Junk W.J., Soares M.G., Carvalho F.M. Distribution of fish species in a lake of the Amazon river floodplain near Manaus (lago Camaleão), with special reference to extreme oxygen conditions. Amazoniana. 7:1983;397-431.
77. + balance, acid-base status and blood respiratory properties in carp. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 119A:1998;301-308.
78. Kraus D.W., Goeller J.E., Powell C.S. Sulfide may directly modify cytoplasmic hemoglobin deoxygenation in Solemya reidi gills. J. Exp. Biol. 199:1996;1343-1352.
79. Lane H.C. Nucleoside triphosphate changes during the peripheral life-span of erythrocytes of adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Exp. Zool. 231:1984;57-62.
80. Lane H.C., Rolfe A.E., Nelson J.R. Changes in the nucleotide triphosphate/haemoglobin and nucleotide triphosphate/red cell ratios of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, subjected to prolonged starvation and bleeding. J. Fish Biol. 18:1981;661-668.
81. Laursen J.S., Andersen N.A., Lykkeboe G. Temperature acclimation and oxygen binding properties of blood of the Europen eel, Anguilla anguilla. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 81A:1985;79-86.
82. Leray C. Patterns of purine nucleotides in fish erythrocytes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 64B:1979;77-82.
83. Leray C. Patterns of purine nucleotides in some North sea fish erythrocyes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 71B:1982;77-81.
84. Leray C., Bachand L. Erythrocyte metabolism in the yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill). II: intermediates, nucleotides and free energy changes in glycolytic reactions. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 51B:1975;349-353.
85. Lewis W.M., Morris D.P. Toxicity of nitrite to fish: a review. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 115:1986;183-195.
86. Long J.A. The Rise of Fishes. 500 Million Years of Evolution. 1995;The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
87. Lowe T.E., Wells R.M.G., Baldwin J. Absence of regulated blood-oxygen transport in response to strenuous exercise by the shovelnosed ray, Rhinobatos typus. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 46:1995;441-446.
88. Lykkeboe G., Weber R. Changes in the respiratory properties of the blood in the carp, Cyprinus carpio, induced by diurnal variation in oxygen tension. J. Comp. Physiol. 128B:1978;117-125.
89. Malte H., Weber R.E. Respiratory stress in rainbow trout dying from aluminium exposure in soft acid water, with or without added sodium chloride. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 5:1988;249-256.
90. Mangum C.P., Haswell M.S., Johansen K., Towle D.W. Inorganic ions and pH in the body fluids of Amazon animals. Can. J. Zool. 56:1978;907-916.
91. 2 affinity. Val A.L., Alameida-Val V.M.F. Biology of Tropical Fish. 1999;229-240 INPA, Manaus.
92. Marcon, J.L., Val, A.L., 1996. Intraerythrocytic phosphates in Colossoma macropomum and Astronotus ocellatus (Pisces) of the Amazon. International Congress of the Biology of Fishes. The Physiology of Tropical Fish. San Francisco. American Fisheries Society.
93. Martin J.P., Bonaventura J., Brunori M. et al. The isolation and characterization of the hemoglobin components of Mylossoma sp., an Amazonian teleost. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A:1979;155-162.
94. Monteiro P.J.C., Val A.L., Almeida-Val V.M.F. Biological aspects of amazonian fishes. Hemoglobin, hematology, intraerythrocytic phosphates and whole blood bohr effect of Mylossoma duriventris. Can. J. Zool. 65:1987;1805-1811.
95. Moura, M.A.F., 1994. Efeito da anemia, do exercício físico e da adrenalina sobre o baço e eritrócitos de Colossoma macropomum (Pisces). PPG INPA/FUA. Thesis.
96. Mumm D.P., Atha D.H., Riggs A. The hemoglobin of the common stingray, Dasyatis sabina: structural and functional properties. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 60B:1978;189-193.
97. Muniz I.P., Leivestad H. Toxic effects of aluminium on the brown trout. Draplos D., Tollan A. Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation. 1980;320-321 Johs Grefslie Press, Mysen, Norway.
98. Nelson J.S. Fishes of the World. third ed. 1994;Wiley, New York.
99. Nikinmaa M. Vertebrate Red Blood Cells. Adaptations of Function to Respiratory Requirements. 1990;Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
100. Nikinmaa M. Membrane transport and control of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in nucleated erythrocytes. Physiol. Rev. 72:1992;301-321.
101. Nikinmaa M., Boutilier R.G. Adrenergic control of red cell pH, organic phosphate concentrations and haemoglobin function in teleost fish. Heisler N. Advances in Comparative Physiology. Mechanisms of Systemic Regulation: Respiration and Circulation. 1995;107-133 Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.
102. Nikinmaa M., Weber R.E. Hypoxic acclimation in the lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis: organismic and erythrocytic responses. J. Exp. Biol. 109:1984;109-119.
103. Parks R.E. Jr, Brown P.R., Cheng Y.-C. et al. Purine metabolism in primitive erythrocytes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 45B:1973;355-364.
104. Pelster B., Weber R.E. Influence of organic phosphates on the Root effect of multiple fish haemoglobins. J. Exp. Biol. 149:1990;425-437.
105. Peterson A.J., Poluhowich J.J. The effects of organic phosphates on the oxygenation behaviour of the eel multiple hemoglobins. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 55A:1976;351-354.
106. Powers D.A. Structure, function, and molecular ecology of fish hemoglobins. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 241:1974;472-490.
107. Qvist J., Weber R.E., De Vries A.L., Zapol W.M. pH and haemoglobin oxygen affinity in blood from the Antarctic cod Dissostichus mawsoni. J. Exp. Biol. 67:1977;77-88.
108. Ramirez-Gil H., Feldberg E., Almeida-Val V.M.F., Val A.L. Karyological, biochemical, and physiological aspects of Callophysus macropterus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) from rio Solimões and rio Negro (Central Amazon). Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 31:1998;1449-1458.
109. Randall D.J., Perry S.F. Catecholamines. Hoar W.S., Randall D.J., Farrell A.P. Fish Physiology. 1992;255-300 Academic Press, NY.
110. Rapoport S. Phytic acid in avian erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 135:1940;403-406.
111. Rapoport S., Guest G.M. Distribution of acid-soluble phosphorus in the blood cells of various vertebrates. J. Biol. Chem. 138:1941;269-282.
112. Salvo-Souza, R.H., 1990. Parâmetros hematológicos (série vermelha) de Arapaima gigas (Osteoglossiformes) durante o primeiro ano de vida. Manaus, Brasil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. MSc thesis.
113. Schwantes A., Bartlett G.R., Schwantes M.L.B. The hemoglobin of Geophagus brasiliensis (Cichlidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 99:1991;157-160.
114. Soivio A., Nikinmaa M., Westman K. The blood oxygen binding properties of hypoxic Salmo gairdneri. J. Comp. Physiol. 136B:1980;83-87.
115. Tetens V., Lykkeboe G. Blood respiratory properties of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri: responses to hypoxia acclimation and anoxic incubation of blood in vitro. J. Comp. Physiol. 145B:1981;117-125.
116. 2 capacitance of arterial blood. Resp. Physiol. 61:1985;221-235.
117. Tetens V., Wells R.G.M., DeVries A.L. Antarctic fish blood: respiratory properties and the effect of thermal acclimation. J. Exp. Biol. 109:1984;265-279.
118. Val A. Efeitos do petróleo sobre a respiração de peixes da Amazônia. Martos H.L., Maia N.B. Indicadores Ambientais. 1997;109-119 Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Sorocaba, SP.
119. Val A.L. Adaptations of fishes to extreme conditions in fresh waters. Bicudo J.E.P.W. The Vertebrate Gas Transport Cascade. Adaptations to Environment and Mode of Life. 1993;43-53 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
120. Val A.L. Oxygen transfer in fish: morphological and molecular adjustments. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 28:1995;1119-1127.
121. Val A.L. Surviving low oxygen levels: lessons from fishes of the Amazon. Val A.L., Almeida-Val V.M.F., Randall D.J. Physiology and Biochemistry of the Fishes of the Amazon. 1996;59-73 INPA, Manaus.
122. Val A.L., Affonso E.G., Souza R.H.S., Almeida-Val V.M.F., Moura M.A.F. Inositol pentaphosphate in erythrocytes of an Amazonian fish, the pirarucu (Arapaima gigas). Can. J. Zool. 70:1992;852-855.
123. Val A.L., Almeida-Val V.M.F. Adaptive features of Amazon fishes. Hemoglobins of Brycon cf cephalus and Brycon cf erythropterum (Pisces). Rev. Braz. Genet. 11:1988;27-39.
124. Val A.L., Almeida-Val V.M.F. Fishes of the Amazon and Their Environments. Physiological and Biochemical Features. 1995;Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.
125. Val A.L., Almeida-Val V.M.F. Effects of crude oil on respiratory aspects of some fish species of the Amazon. Val A.L., Almeida-Val V.M.F. Biology of Tropical Fish. 1999;277-291 INPA, Manaus.
126. Val A.L., Almeida-Val V.M.F., Affonso E.G. Adaptative features of Amazon fishes: hemoglobins, hematology, intraerythrocytic phosphates and whole blood Bohr effect of Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus (Siluriformes). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 97:1990;435-440.
127. Val A.L., Lessard J., Randall D. Effects of hypoxia on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): intraerythrocytic phosphates. J. Exp. Biol. 198:1995;305-310.
128. Val A.L., Marcon J.L., Costa O.T.F., Barcellos J.F.M., Maco Garcia J.T.M., Almeida-Val V.M.F. Fishes of the Amazon: surviving environmental changes. Saksena D.N. Ichthyology. Recent Research Advances. 1999;361-374.
129. Val A.L., Mazur C.F., Salvo-Souza R.H., Iwama G. Effects of experimental anaemia on intra-erythrocytic phosphate levels in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. J. Fish Biol. 45:1994;269-279.
130. Val A.L., Menezes G.C., Wood C.M. Red blood cell adrenergic responses in Amazonian teleosts. J. Fish Biol. 52:1998;83-93.
131. Val A.L., Moraes G., Barcelos J.F., Roubach R., Yossa-Perdomo M.I., Almeida-Val V.M.F. Effects of extreme environmental conditions on respiratory parameters of the ornamental fish Pterophylum scalare and Symphysodon aequifasciata. Physiology and Biochemistry of the Fish of the Amazon. Abstract Book. 1994;INPA, Manaus, Amazon.
132. Val A.L., Schwantes A.R., Almeida-Val V.M.F. Biological aspects of Amazonian fishes. VI: hemoglobins and whole blood properties of Semaprochilodus species (Prochilodontidae) at two phases of migration. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 83B:1986;659-667.
133. Val A.L., Schwantes A.R., Almeida-Val V.M.F., Schwantes M.L.B. Hemoglobin, hematology, intraerythrocytic phosphates and whole blood Bohr effect from lotic and lentic Hypostomus regani (São Paulo, Brasil). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 80:1985;737-741.
134. Val A.L., Silva M.N.P., Almeida-Val V.M.F. Hypoxia adaptation in fish of the Amazon: a never-ending task. S. Afr. J. Zool. 33:1998;107-114.
135. Vorger P., Ristori M.T. Effects of experimental anemia on the ATP content and the oxygen affinity of the blood in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 82:1985;221-224.
136. Walaas E. Stability constants of metal complexes with mononucleotides. Acta Chem. Scand. 12:1958;528-536.
137. Weber R.E. Functional interaction between hemoglobin, erythrocytic nucleoside triphosphates and magnesium. Acta Physiol. Scand. 102A:1978;20-21.
138. Weber R.E. Hemoglobin adaptations in Amazonian and temperate fish with special reference to hypoxia, allosteric effectors and functional heterogeneity. Val A.L., Almeida-Val V.M.F., Randall D.J. Physiology and Biochemistry of the Fishes of the Amazon. 1996;75-90 INPA, Manaus.
139. Weber R.E., Jensen F.B. Functional adaptations in hemoglobins from ectothermic vertebrates. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 50:1988;161-179.
140. 2 on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity. J. Comp. Physiol. 128B:1978;127-137.
141. Weber R.E., Lykkeboe G., Johansen K. Biochemical aspects of the adaptation of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in eels to hypoxia. Life Sci. 17:1975;1345-1350.
142. Weber R.E., Lykkeboe G., Johansen K. Physiological properties of eel haemoglobin: hypoxic acclimation, phosphate effects and multiplicity. J. Exp. Biol. 64:1976;75-88.
143. Weber R.E., Wood S.C. Effects of erythrocytic nucleoside triphosphates on oxygen equilibria of composite and fractioned hemoglobins from the facultative air-breathing Amazonian catfish, Hypostomus and Pterygoplichthys. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A:1979;179-183.
144. Weber R.E., Wood S.C., Davis B.J. Acclimation to hypoxic water in facultative air-breathing fish: blood oxygen affinity and allosteric effectors. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A:1979;125-129.
145. Wells R.M., Weber R.E. Is there an optimal hematocrit for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)? An interpretation of recent data based on blood viscosity measurements. J. Fish Biol. 38:1991;53-65.
146. Wilhelm Filho D., Marcon J.L., Caprario F.X., Nollis A.C. Erythrocytic nucleoside triphosphates in marine fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 102:1992;323-331.
147. Witters H.E., Van Puymbroeck S., Van den Sande I., Vanderborght O.L.J. Haematological disturbances and osmotic shifts in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) under acid and aluminium exposure. J. Comp. Physiol. 160B:1990;563-571.
148. Wood C.M., Perry S.F., Wright P.A., Bergman H.L., Randall D.J. Ammonia and urea dynamics in the lake Magadi tilapia, a ureotelic teleost fish adapted to an extremely alkaline environment. Resp. Physiol. 77:1989;1-20.
149. Wood C.M., Wilson R.W., Gonzalez R.J. et al. Responses of an Amazonian teleost, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) to low pH in extremely soft water. Physiol. Zool. 71:1998;658-670.
150. 2 affinity and decreased red cell ATP concentration. Nature. 237:1972;278-279.
151. Wood S.C., Johansen K., Weber R.E. Haemoglobin of the coelacanth. Nature. 239:1972;283-285.
152. 2 on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and red cell ATP concentrations in a benthic fish, Pleuronectes platessa. Resp. Physiol. 25:1975;259-267.
153. Wooton R.J. Ecology of Teleost Fishes. 1990;Chapman and Hall, NY.