메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 451-470

Naivety in the molecular life sciences

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENE TECHNOLOGY; IN VITRO STUDY; MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 0034065305     PISSN: 00163287     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0016-3287(99)00086-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 0001691365 scopus 로고
    • The good, the true and the post-modern
    • Funtowicz S, Ravetz JR. The good, the true and the post-modern. Futures 1992;24:963-76.
    • (1992) Futures , vol.24 , pp. 963-976
    • Funtowicz, S.1    Ravetz, J.R.2
  • 2
    • 34248236721 scopus 로고
    • Science for the post-normal age
    • Funtowicz S, Ravetz JR. Science for the post-normal age. Futures 1993;25:739-55.
    • (1993) Futures , vol.25 , pp. 739-755
    • Funtowicz, S.1    Ravetz, J.R.2
  • 3
    • 34248245421 scopus 로고
    • Emergent complex systems
    • Funtowicz S, Ravetz JR. Emergent complex systems. Futures 1994;26:566-82.
    • (1994) Futures , vol.26 , pp. 566-582
    • Funtowicz, S.1    Ravetz, J.R.2
  • 4
    • 0001145443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The poetry of thermodynamics
    • Funtowicz S, Ravetz JR. The poetry of thermodynamics. Futures 1997;29:791-810.
    • (1997) Futures , vol.29 , pp. 791-810
    • Funtowicz, S.1    Ravetz, J.R.2
  • 5
    • 8944262348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future research directions to characterize environmental mutagens in highly polluted areas
    • Sram RJ. Future research directions to characterize environmental mutagens in highly polluted areas. Envir Health Perspect 1996;104:603-7.
    • (1996) Envir Health Perspect , vol.104 , pp. 603-607
    • Sram, R.J.1
  • 6
    • 0029502678 scopus 로고
    • Review-state of the art: Biosensors for environmental monitoring and water control
    • Osbild D, Babut M, Vasseur P. Review-state of the art: biosensors for environmental monitoring and water control. Rev Sei l'Eau 1995;8:505-38.
    • (1995) Rev Sei L'Eau , vol.8 , pp. 505-538
    • Osbild, D.1    Babut, M.2    Vasseur, P.3
  • 7
    • 0030801725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12th meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals: Susceptibility to environmental hazards (Espoo, Finland, March 17-22, 1996)
    • Barrett JC, Vainio H, Peakall D, Goldstein BD. 12th meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals: susceptibility to environmental hazards (Espoo, Finland, March 17-22, 1996). Envir Health Perspect 1997; 105:699-737.
    • (1997) Envir Health Perspect , vol.105 , pp. 699-737
    • Barrett, J.C.1    Vainio, H.2    Peakall, D.3    Goldstein, B.D.4
  • 9
    • 0030250609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future approaches to genetic toxicology risk assessment
    • Elespuru RK. Future approaches to genetic toxicology risk assessment. Mutat Res 1996;365:191-204.
    • (1996) Mutat Res , vol.365 , pp. 191-204
    • Elespuru, R.K.1
  • 10
    • 0031941097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of molecular techniques in environmental biotechnology for monitoring microbial systems
    • Schneegurt MA, Kulpa CF Jr. The application of molecular techniques in environmental biotechnology for monitoring microbial systems. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1998;27:73-9.
    • (1998) Biotechnol Appl Biochem , vol.27 , pp. 73-79
    • Schneegurt, M.A.1    Kulpa Jr., C.F.2
  • 12
    • 10844286071 scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty and environmental learning-reconceiving science and policy in the preventive paradigm
    • Wynne B. Uncertainty and environmental learning-reconceiving science and policy in the preventive paradigm. Glob Envir Change 1992;2:111-27.
    • (1992) Glob Envir Change , vol.2 , pp. 111-127
    • Wynne, B.1
  • 22
    • 33847570586 scopus 로고
    • In pursuit of the renewable frontier
    • Koshland DE, editor. Washington: American Association for the Advancement of Science
    • Koshland DE. In pursuit of the renewable frontier. In: Koshland DE, editor. Biotechnology: the renewable frontier. Washington: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1986:ix-x.
    • (1986) Biotechnology: the Renewable Frontier.
    • Koshland, D.E.1
  • 23
    • 0041938438 scopus 로고
    • What will endure of 20th century biology?
    • Murphy MP, O'Neill LAJ, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Eigen M. What will endure of 20th century biology? In: Murphy MP, O'Neill LAJ, editors. What is life? The next fifty years. Speculation on the future of biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995:5-23.
    • (1995) What Is Life? the next Fifty Years. Speculation on the Future of Biology , pp. 5-23
    • Eigen, M.1
  • 24
    • 0001460890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hegemony of the gene: Reductionism in molecular biology
    • Sarkar S, editor. Dordrecht: Kluwer
    • Beckwith J. The hegemony of the gene: reductionism in molecular biology. In: Sarkar S, editor. The philosophy and history of molecular biology: new perspectives. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1996:171-83.
    • (1996) The Philosophy and History of Molecular Biology: New Perspectives. , pp. 171-183
    • Beckwith, J.1
  • 25
    • 33847552861 scopus 로고
    • 1953 and all that: A tale of two sciences
    • Boyd R, Gasper P, Trout JD, editors. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Kitcher P. 1953 and all that: a tale of two sciences. In: Boyd R, Gasper P, Trout JD, editors. The philosophy of science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991:553-70.
    • (1991) The Philosophy of Science. , pp. 553-570
    • Kitcher, P.1
  • 26
    • 0000777476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological information: A skeptical look at some central dogmas of molecular biology
    • Sarkar S, editor. Dordrecht: Kluwer
    • Sarkar S. Biological information: a skeptical look at some central dogmas of molecular biology. In: Sarkar S, editor. The philosophy and history of molecular biology: new perspectives. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1996:187-231.
    • (1996) The Philosophy and History of Molecular Biology: New Perspectives. , pp. 187-231
    • Sarkar, S.1
  • 27
    • 0006042542 scopus 로고
    • Reductionism
    • Boyd R, Gasper P, Trout JD, editors. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Garfinkel A. Reductionism. In: Boyd R, Gasper P, Trout JD, editors. The philosophy of science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991:443-59.
    • (1991) The Philosophy of Science. , pp. 443-459
    • Garfinkel, A.1
  • 28
    • 0342274266 scopus 로고
    • Alternatives to in vivo studies in toxicology
    • Ballantyne B, Marrs T, Turner P, editors. New York: Stockton Press
    • Gad S. Alternatives to in vivo studies in toxicology. In: Ballantyne B, Marrs T, Turner P, editors. General and applied toxicology. New York: Stockton Press, 1993:179-206.
    • (1993) General and Applied Toxicology. , pp. 179-206
    • Gad, S.1
  • 29
    • 0011911684 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical approaches to validation
    • Goldberg AM, editor. New York: Mary Ann Liebert
    • Scala RA. Theoretical approaches to validation. In: Goldberg AM, editor. In vitro toxicology. New York: Mary Ann Liebert, 1987:1-9.
    • (1987) In Vitro Toxicology. , pp. 1-9
    • Scala, R.A.1
  • 30
    • 0008734651 scopus 로고
    • A new perspective. Washington DC: National Academy Press
    • National Research Council. Models for biomédical research. A new perspective. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1985.
    • (1985) Models for Biomédical Research.
  • 32
    • 0021810041 scopus 로고
    • In vitro-in vivo correlation: An unrealistic problem
    • Hüttenrauch R, Speiser P. In vitro-in vivo correlation: an unrealistic problem. Pharmaceut Res 1985;3:97-107.
    • (1985) Pharmaceut Res , vol.3 , pp. 97-107
    • Hüttenrauch, R.1    Speiser, P.2
  • 36
    • 0029860903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral transmission of BSE to primates [letter]
    • Ridley RM, Baker HE. Oral transmission of BSE to primates [letter]. Lancet 1996;348:1174.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1174
    • Ridley, R.M.1    Baker, H.E.2
  • 39
    • 0030101509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo interpretation of in vitro effect studies with a detailed analysis of the method of in vitro transcription in isolated cell nuclei
    • Strand R, Fjelland R, Flatmark T. In vivo interpretation of in vitro effect studies with a detailed analysis of the method of in vitro transcription in isolated cell nuclei. Acta Biotheor 1996;44:1-21.
    • (1996) Acta Biotheor , vol.44 , pp. 1-21
    • Strand, R.1    Fjelland, R.2    Flatmark, T.3
  • 42
    • 0015225140 scopus 로고
    • Adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Association of maternal stilbestrol therapy with tumor appearance in young women
    • Herbst AL, Ulfelder H, Poskanzer DC. Adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Association of maternal stilbestrol therapy with tumor appearance in young women. New Eng J Med 1971;284:878-81.
    • (1971) New Eng J Med , vol.284 , pp. 878-881
    • Herbst, A.L.1    Ulfelder, H.2    Poskanzer, D.C.3
  • 43
    • 0029053049 scopus 로고
    • Diethylstilbestrol revisited: A review of the long-term health effects
    • Giusti RM, Iwamoto K, Hatch EE. Diethylstilbestrol revisited: a review of the long-term health effects. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:778-88.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 778-788
    • Giusti, R.M.1    Iwamoto, K.2    Hatch, E.E.3
  • 44
    • 0031687533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horizontal gene transfer from transgenic plants to terrestrial bacteria - A rare event?
    • Nielsen KM, Bones AM, Smalla K, van Elsas JD. Horizontal gene transfer from transgenic plants to terrestrial bacteria - a rare event? FEMS Microbiol Rev 1998;22:79-103.
    • (1998) FEMS Microbiol Rev , vol.22 , pp. 79-103
    • Nielsen, K.M.1    Bones, A.M.2    Smalla, K.3    Van Elsas, J.D.4
  • 45
    • 21444453042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horizontal gene transfer
    • Krishnapillai V. Horizontal gene transfer. J Genet 1996;75:219-32.
    • (1996) J Genet , vol.75 , pp. 219-232
    • Krishnapillai, V.1
  • 47
    • 33847538025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness of transgenic wild-crop hybrids of Cucurbita pepo: A field test with wild plants
    • Spencer LJ, Snow AA, Nameth ST. Fitness of transgenic wild-crop hybrids of Cucurbita pepo: a field test with wild plants. Am J Bot 1997;84:91.
    • (1997) Am J Bot , vol.84 , pp. 91
    • Spencer, L.J.1    Snow, A.A.2    Nameth, S.T.3
  • 48
    • 0030616989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and establishment of transgenes in natural plant populations
    • van Raamsdonk LWD, Scheuten HJ. Gene flow and establishment of transgenes in natural plant populations. Acta Bot Neerland 1997;46:69-84.
    • (1997) Acta Bot Neerland , vol.46 , pp. 69-84
    • Van Raamsdonk, L.W.D.1    Scheuten, H.J.2
  • 50
    • 0029787651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inheritance of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) RAPD markers in a backcross progeny with Brassica campestris
    • Mikkelsen TR, Jensen J, Jørgensen RB. Inheritance of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) RAPD markers in a backcross progeny with Brassica campestris. Theoret Appl Genet 1996;92:492-7.
    • (1996) Theoret Appl Genet , vol.92 , pp. 492-497
    • Mikkelsen, T.R.1    Jensen, J.2    Jørgensen, R.B.3
  • 52
    • 0031758933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous hybridizations between oilseed rape and wild radish
    • Darmency H, Lefol E, Fleury A. Spontaneous hybridizations between oilseed rape and wild radish. Molec Ecol 1998;7:1467-73.
    • (1998) Molec Ecol , vol.7 , pp. 1467-1473
    • Darmency, H.1    Lefol, E.2    Fleury, A.3
  • 53
    • 33847570585 scopus 로고
    • Radish as a model system for the study of engineered gene escape rates via crop-weed mating
    • Ehrenfeld D, editor. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell
    • Klinger T, Elam DR, Ellstrand NC. Radish as a model system for the study of engineered gene escape rates via crop-weed mating. In: Ehrenfeld D, editor. Readings from conservation biology: genes, populations, and species. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1995:239-43.
    • (1995) Readings from Conservation Biology: Genes, Populations, and Species , pp. 239-243
    • Klinger, T.1    Elam, D.R.2    Ellstrand, N.C.3
  • 55
    • 84879351862 scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology: Miracle of mirage transgenic plants: progress and potence
    • Kaul MLH, Nirmala C. Biotechnology: miracle of mirage transgenic plants: progress and potence. J Phytol Res 1995;8:l-26.
    • (1995) J Phytol Res , vol.8 , pp. 26
    • Kaul, M.L.H.1    Nirmala, C.2
  • 56
    • 0343355099 scopus 로고
    • Will transgenes escape into natural populations?
    • Ellstrand NC, Prentice HC. Will transgenes escape into natural populations? Am J Bot 1995;82(6 Suppl.):68.
    • (1995) Am J Bot , vol.82 , Issue.6 SUPPL. , pp. 68
    • Ellstrand, N.C.1    Prentice, H.C.2
  • 58
    • 0032540983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological consequences of hybridization between a wild species (Echinacea purpurea) and related cultivar (E. purpurea 'White Swan')
    • van Gaal Tami M, Galatowitsch SM, Strefeler MS. Ecological consequences of hybridization between a wild species (Echinacea purpurea) and related cultivar (E. purpurea 'White Swan'). Sei Horticult 1998;76:73-88.
    • (1998) Sei Horticult , vol.76 , pp. 73-88
    • Van Gaal Tami, M.1    Galatowitsch, S.M.2    Strefeler, M.S.3
  • 59
    • 8544226949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased fitness of transgenic insecticidal rapeseed under insect selection pressure
    • Stewart CN, All JN, Raymer PL, Ramachandran S. Increased fitness of transgenic insecticidal rapeseed under insect selection pressure. Molec Ecol 1997;6:773-9.
    • (1997) Molec Ecol , vol.6 , pp. 773-779
    • Stewart, C.N.1    All, J.N.2    Raymer, P.L.3    Ramachandran, S.4
  • 60
    • 33847535998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addendum to ch. 7: Gene escape, or the pall of silence over plant biotechnol-ogy risk
    • Powell D, Leiss W, editors. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press
    • Griffiths A, Barrett K. Addendum to ch. 7: gene escape, or the pall of silence over plant biotechnol-ogy risk. In: Powell D, Leiss W, editors. Mad cows and mother's milk: the perils of poor risk communication. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1997:179-81.
    • (1997) Mad Cows and Mother's Milk: the Perils of Poor Risk Communication. , pp. 179-181
    • Griffiths, A.1    Barrett, K.2
  • 61
    • 0004469112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The passage from entropy to thermodynamic indeterminacy: A social and science epistemology for sustainability
    • Mayumi K, Gowdy J, editors. (in press).
    • Funtowicz S, O'Connor M. The passage from entropy to thermodynamic indeterminacy: a social and science epistemology for sustainability. In Mayumi K, Gowdy J, editors. Bioeconomics and sustainability: essays in honour of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, 1999 (in press).
    • (1999) Bioeconomics and Sustainability: Essays in Honour of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
    • Funtowicz, S.1    O'Connor, M.2
  • 66
    • 0000139989 scopus 로고
    • The couch, the cathedral, and the laboratory: On the relationship between experiment and laboratory in science
    • Pickering A, editor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Knorr Cetina K. The couch, the cathedral, and the laboratory: on the relationship between experiment and laboratory in science. In: Pickering A, editor. Science as practice and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992:113-38.
    • (1992) Science as Practice and Culture. , pp. 113-138
    • Knorr Cetina, K.1
  • 67
    • 0004188057 scopus 로고
    • Representing and intervening: Introductory topics in the philosophy of natural science
    • Hacking I. Representing and intervening: introductory topics in the philosophy of natural science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
    • (1983) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Hacking, I.1
  • 68
    • 0039298181 scopus 로고
    • The participant irrealist at large in the laboratory
    • Hacking I. The participant irrealist at large in the laboratory. Br J Phil Sei 1988;39:277-94.
    • (1988) Br J Phil Sei , vol.39 , pp. 277-294
    • Hacking, I.1
  • 71
    • 0002147482 scopus 로고
    • The road since structure
    • Kühn TS. The road since structure. PSA 1990;2:3-13.
    • (1990) PSA , vol.2 , pp. 3-13
    • Kühn, T.S.1
  • 75
    • 0004127363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a useful philosophy of biochemistry: Sketches and examples
    • Strand R. Towards a useful philosophy of biochemistry: sketches and examples. Foundations of chemistry 1999;1:271-94.
    • (1999) Foundations of Chemistry , vol.1 , pp. 271-294
    • Strand, R.1
  • 78
    • 0342485699 scopus 로고
    • Toward a practicable methodology for medicine: The impact of conceptual analysis
    • van der Steen W. Toward a practicable methodology for medicine: the impact of conceptual analysis. Perspect Biol Med, 1993;36:580-91.
    • (1993) Perspect Biol Med , vol.36 , pp. 580-591
    • Van Der Steen, W.1
  • 79
    • 0025218645 scopus 로고
    • Concepts in biology: A survey of practical methodological principles
    • van der Steen W. Concepts in biology: a survey of practical methodological principles. J Theoret Biol 1990;143:383-403.
    • (1990) J Theoret Biol , vol.143 , pp. 383-403
    • Van Der Steen, W.1
  • 81
    • 33847549400 scopus 로고
    • Public debate on biotechnology: The case of Denmark
    • Yoxen E, Di Martino V, editors. Aldershot: Dart-mouth Publishing Co
    • Lindgaard Pedersen J. Public debate on biotechnology: the case of Denmark. In: Yoxen E, Di Martino V, editors. Biotechnology in future society. Scenarios and options for Europe. Aldershot: Dart-mouth Publishing Co, 1989:107-16.
    • (1989) Biotechnology in Future Society. Scenarios and Options for Europe. , pp. 107-116
    • Lindgaard Pedersen, J.1
  • 82
    • 0000893620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus conferences as extended peer groups
    • Fixdal J. Consensus conferences as extended peer groups. Sei Public Pol 1997;24:366-76.
    • (1997) Sei Public Pol , vol.24 , pp. 366-376
    • Fixdal, J.1
  • 83
    • 33847550535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • www.etikkom.no
    • www.etikkom.no


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.