Phosphate transport and signaling

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 182-187

  Raghothama, K G ^a  

^a Dept Hort Landscape Arch P   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034062279     PISSN: 13695266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1369-5266(00)00062-5     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Plaxton W.C., Carswell M.C. Metabolic aspects of the phosphate starvation response in plants. Lerner H.R. Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses: From Phytohormones to Genome Reorganization. 1999;349-372 Dekker, New York. An excellent review of biochemical changes occurring during phosphate starvation. This article addresses the effect of Pi starvation on photosynthesis, energy transfers, glycolysis and respiration among the other biochemical changes.
2. Raghothama K.G. Phosphate acquisition. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 50:1999;665-693. This informative review provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological and biochemical adaptations of plants that enable them to acquire and utilize Pi in Pi-deficient conditions. A special emphasis is placed on the recent developments in the molecular biology of Pi acquisition.
3. Bates T.R., Lynch J.P. Stimulation of root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana by low phosphorous availability. Plant Cell Environ. 19:1996;529-538.
4. Marschner H. Mineral Nutrition in Plants, edn 2. 1995;Academic Press, San Diego.
5. 32P) uptake from soil. Plant Soil. 198:1998;147-152.
6. Harrison M.J. Molecular and cellular aspects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 50:1999;361-389.
7. Keerthisinghe G., Hocking P.J., Ryan P.R., Delhaize E. Effect of phosphorus supply on the formation and function of proteoid roots of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). Plant Cell Environ. 21:1998;467-478.
8. Gilbert G.A., Allan D.L., Vance C.P. Phosphorus deficiency in white lupin alters root development and metabolism. Flores H.E., Lynch J.P., Eissenstat D. Radical Biology: Advances and Perspectives on the Function of Plant Roots. 1997;92-103 Amer Soc Plant Physiol, Rockville MD.
9. Raghothama K.G. Molecular regulation of phosphate acquisition in plants. Nielson G.G., Jensen A. Plant Nutrition - Molecular Biology and Genetics. 1999;95-103 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
10. Mimura T. Regulation of phosphate transport and homeostasis in plant cells. Int Rev Cytol. 191:1999;149-200. This extensively illustrated review provides in-depth information about phosphate transport in plants. The article contains extensive citation of previous work and detailed information about Pi-transport kinetics and cellular distribution of Pi.
11. Schachtman D.P., Reid R.J., Ayling S.M. Phosphorus uptake by plants: from soil to cell. Plant Physiol. 116:1998;447-453. This paper provides a brief but comprehensive overview of Pi uptake and distribution in plants, and of the role of mycorrhizae in Pi acquisition.
12. Daram P., Brunner S., Amrhein N., Bucher M. Functional analysis and cell-specific expression of a phosphate transporter from tomato. Planta. 206:1998;225-233. In an elegant piece of work, the tomato phosphate transporter was functionally characterized in the yeast mutant that lacks the high-affinity Pi transporter. This study also provides evidence of the expression of Pi transporters in the epidermal and root hair cells of tomato.
13. Leggewie G., Willmitzer L., Riesmeier J.W. Two cDNAs from potato are able to complement a phosphate uptake-deficient yeast mutant: Identification of phosphate transporters from higher plants. Plant Cell. 9:1997;381-392.
14. Muchhal U.S., Pardo J.M., Raghothama K.G. Phosphate transporters from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;10519-10523.
15. Smith F.W., Ealing P.M., Dong B., Delhaize E. The cloning of two Arabidopsis genes belonging to a phosphate transporter family. Plant J. 11:1997;83-92.
16. Mitsukawa N., Okumura S., Shirano Y., Sato S., Kato T., Harashima S., Shibata D. Overexpression of an Arabidopsis thaliana high-affinity phosphate transporter gene in tobacco cultured cells enhances cell growth under phosphate-limited conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:1997;7098-7102.
17. Okumura S., Mitsukawa N., Shirano Y., Shibata D. Phosphate transporter gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA Res. 5:1998;1-9.
18. Lu Y.P., Zhen R.G., Rea P.A. AtPT4: a fourth member of the Arabidopsis phosphate transporter gene family (accession No U97546). Plant Physiol. 114:1997;747.
19. Liu C., Muchhal U.S., Mukatira U., Kononowicz A.K., Raghothama K.G. Tomato phosphate transporter genes are differentially regulated in plant tissues by phosphorus. Plant Physiol. 116:1998;91-99. This paper describes the cloning and characterization of phosphate transporters from tomato. Studies show that the epidermal layers of Pi-starved roots are enriched in Pi transporters. The authors also provide evidence of the regulation of gene expression by internal signals in response to Pi starvation.
20. Liu H., Trieu A.T., Blaylock L.A., Harrison M.J. Cloning and characterization of two phosphate transporters from Medicago truncatula roots. Regulation in response to phosphate and to colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 11:1998;14-22. An interaction between mycorrhizal colonization and the expression of the genes encoding two plant phosphate transporters is examined in this interesting paper. The fungal colonization results in down-regulation of plant Pi transporters. The transcripts of both the transporter genes are present in roots, and transcript levels increase in response to Pi starvation.
21. Kai M., Masuda Y., Kikuchi Y., Osaki M., Tadano T. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA from Catharanthus roseus which is highly homologous with phosphate transporter. Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 43:1997;227-235.
22. Daram P., Brunner S., Rausch C., Steiner C., Amrhein N., Bucher M. Pht2;1 encodes a low affinity phosphate transporter from Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 11:1999;2153-2166. This paper describes the cloning and characterization of the first low-affinity phosphate transporter from plants. The gene that encodes this transporter is constitutively expressed in leaves and, interestingly, the transport is driven by a proton:phosphate symport process.
23. Pao S.S., Paulsen I.T., Saier M.H. Major facilitator superfamily. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 62:1998;1-34. The authors have done an excellent job of compiling extensive data on the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) in an easy to understand review. An informative discussion on the origin and functional significance of the MFS is presented: these H:Pi symporters are presumed to be of ancient origin and unique to plants and fungi.
24. Muchhal U.S., Raghothama K.G. Transcriptional regulation of plant phosphate transporters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:1999;5868-5872. This is the first report to describe the transcriptional regulation of any major nutrient transporter in plants. In addition, this study also shows that the plasma membranes of Pi deficient roots are enriched in Pi transporters, a physiologically relevant location for the high-affinity Pi transporters.
25. Poirier Y., Thoma S., Somerville C., Schiefelbein J. A mutant of Arabidopsis deficient in xylem loading of phosphate. Plant Physiol. 97:1991;1087-1093.
26. Dong B., Rengel Z., Delhaize E. Uptake and translocation of phosphate by pho2 mutant and wild-type seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta. 205:1998;251-256. In this study, the Pi acquisition and transport by the pho2 mutant, which accumulates excessive Pi in its shoots, and wild-type Arabidopsis plants were compared. The Pi uptake rate of pho2 is nearly twice that of wild-type plants. Interestingly, Pi uptake rates of isolated roots of the mutant and wild-type plants are similar. These data support the hypothesis that the shoot influences Pi uptake by the roots. It is presumed that the pho2 mutation may lead to a defect in the phloem transport of Pi or lack of regulation of internal Pi levels in the shoot.
27. Lynch J., Brown K.M. Ethylene and plant responses to nutritional stress. Physiol Plant. 100:1997;613-619.
28. Trull M.C., Guiltinan M.J., Lynch J.P., Deikman J. The responses of wild-type and ABA mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants to phosphorous starvation. Plant Cell Environ. 20:1997;85-92.
29. Muchhal U.S., Liu C., Raghothama K.G. Calcium-ATPase is differentially expressed in phosphate starved roots of tomato. Physiol Planta. 101:1997;540-544.
30. Wykoff D.D., Grossman A.R., Weeks D.P., Usuda H., Shimogawara K. Psr1, a nuclear localized protein that regulates phosphorus metabolism in Chlamydomonas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:1999;15336-15341. This paper is of special interest because it describes the characterization of a regulator of phosphorus metabolism in a photosynthetic organism. Psr1 is a Pi-starvation-induced regulatory gene isolated from Chlamydomonas, which plays an important role in acclimation of the organism to Pi starvation. This putative transcriptional activator is localized in the nucleus under Pi-deficient and sufficient conditions. The existence of homologs of Psr1 in vascular plants suggests a role for similar proteins in the adaptation of plants to Pi-limiting conditions.
31. Smith F.W., Cybinski D.H., Rae A.L. Regulation of expression of genes encoding phosphate transporters in barley roots. Nielsen G.G., Jensen A. Plant Nutrition - Molecular Biology and Genetics. 1999;145-150 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.