Hormone replacement therapy and the skin: Beneficial effects: The case in favor of it

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica

Volumn 79, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 244-249

  Brincat, Mark P ^a,b  

^a Medical School   (Malta)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN; ESTROGEN;

BONE MASS; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; DERMIS; ELASTICITY; EPIDERMIS; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FEMALE; HEART PROTECTION; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; MENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKIN BLOOD FLOW; SKINFOLD THICKNESS;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; AGED; CAPILLARIES; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; COLLAGEN; FEMALE; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; POSTMENOPAUSE; SKIN; SKIN PHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 0034060278     PISSN: 00016349     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2000.079004244.x     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Bailey AJ, Etherington DJ. Metabolism of collagen and elastin. In: Florkin M, Neuberger A, Van Dienen LLM, eds. Comprehensive Biochemistry Elsevier Scientific Publications Co. 1980: 408-31.
2. Barnes MJ, Constable BJ, Morton LF et al. Age related variations in hydroxylation of kysine and proline on collagen. Biochem J 1974; 139: 461-8.
3. Murai A, Miyahara T, Shiozawa S. Age-related variations in glycosylation of hydroxylysine in human and rat skin collagens. Biochim Biophys Acta 1975; 404: 345-8.
4. Risteli J, Kivirikko KI. Intracellular enzymes of collagen biosynthesis in rat liver as a function of age and in hepatic injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine. Changes in prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase, collagen galactosyltransferase and collagen glucosyltransferase activities. Biochem J 1976; 158: 361-7.
5. Dunn LB, Damesyn M, Moore AA, Reuben DB, Greendale GA. Does estrogen prevent skin aging? Results from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Arch Dermatol 1997; 133,3: 339-42.
6. Pierard-Franchimont C, Latanve C, Goffin V, Pierard GE. Skin water holding capacity and transdermal estrogen therapy for menopause: a pilot study. Maturitas 1995; 22: 151-4.
7. Brincat M, Moniz CF, Studd JW, Darby AJ, Magos A, Cooper D. Sex hormones and skin collagen content in postmenopausal women. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983; 287: 1337-8.
8. Castelo-Branco C, Duran M, Gonzalez-Merlo J. Skin collagen changes related to age and hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 1992; 15: 113-19.
9. Stumpf WE, Sur M, Joshi SE. Estrogen target cells in the skin. Experimentia 1976; 30: 196.
10. Jemec GB, Wojnarowska F. The distribution of p29 protein in normal human skin. Br J Dermatol 1987; 117(2): 217-24.
11. Boucek RJ, Noble NL, Woessner JF Jr. Properties of fibroblasts. In: Connective tissue, thrombosis and atherosclerosis. New York: Academic Press, 1959: 193-211.
12. Danforth DN, Veis A, Breen M, Weinstein HG, Buckingham JC, Manalo P. The effect of pregnancy and labor on the human cervix: changes in collagen, glycoproteins, and glucosaminoglycans. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974; 120: 641-51.
13. Grosman N, Hvidberg E, Schou J. The effect of oestrogenic treatment on the acid mucopolysaccharide pattern in skin of mice. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1971; 30: 458-64.
14. Goldzieher MA. The effects of oestrogens on the senile skin. J Gerontol 1946; 1: 196-201.
15. Black MM. A modified radiographic method for measuring skin thickness. Br J Dermatol 1969; 1: 661-6.
16. Shuster S, Black MM, McVitie E. The influence of age and sex on skin thickness, skin collagen and density. Br J Dermatol 1975; 93: 639-43.
17. Shuster S, Bottoms E. Senile degeneration of skin collagen. Clinical Science 1963; 25: 487-91.
18. Shuster S, Bottoms E. Effect of ultraviolet light on skin collagen. Nature 1963; 199: 192-3.
19. Reed VB, Hall DA. In: Frische R, Hartmann F, eds. Connective tissues - Biochemistry and Pathophysiology. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1974: 290.
20. Hall DA, Reed FB, Noki G, Vince JD. The relative effects of age and corticosteroid therapy on the collagen profiles of dermis from subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. Age Ageing 1974; 3: 15-22.
21. Wagner JD, St. Clair RW, Schwenke DC, Shively CA, Adams MR, Clarkson TB. Regional difference in arterial low density lipoprotein metabolism in surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys. Effects of estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy. Arterioscler Thromb 1992; 12(6): 717-26.
22. Albright F, Bloomberg E, Smith PH. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. Tram Assoc Amer Phys 1940; 55: 298-305.
23. McConkey B, Fraser GR, Bligh AS, Whitely M. Transparent skin and osteoporosis. Lancet 1963; 1: 693-5.
24. Varila E, Rantala I, Oikarinen A, Risteli J, Reunala T, Oksanen H, Punnonen R. The effect of topical oestradiol on skin collagen of postmenopausal women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995; 102: 985-9.
25. Tan CY, Stratham B, Marks R, Payne PA. Skin thickness measurements by pulsed ultrasound, its reproducibility, validation and variability. Br J Dermatol 1994; 96: 1392-4.
26. Brincat M, Moniz CJ, Studd JWW, Darby A, Magos A, Emburey G et al. Long term effects of the menopause and sex hormones on skin thickness. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 92: 256-9.
27. Meschia M, Bruschi F, Amicarelli F, Barbacini P, Monza GC, Crossignani PG. Transdermal hormone replacement therapy and skin in postmenopausal women: a placebo controlled study. Menopause 1994; 1: 79-82.
28. Maheux R, Naud F, Rious M, Grenier R, Lemay A, Guy J et al. A randomized, double blind placebo controlled study on the effect of conjugated estrogens on skin thickness. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 120: 642-8.
29. Brincat M, Moniz CF, Kabalan S et al. Decline in skin collagen content and metacarpel index after the menopause and its prevention with sex hormone replacement. Obstet Gynaecol 1987; 94: 126-9.
30. Brincat M, Kabalan S, Studd JWW et al. A study of the relationship of skin collagen content, skin thickness and bone mass in the postmenopausal woman. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 70: 840-5.
31. Goodrich SM, Wood JE. The effect of estradiol-17-beta on peripheral venous distensibility and velocity of venous blood flow. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1966; 96: 407-12.
32. Rauramo L, Punnonen R. Wirkung einer oralen Estrogentherapie mit Oestriolsuccinat auf die Haut castierter. Frauen Haut Gerchluts Kr 44: 1969; 13: 463-70.
33. Punnonen R. Effect of castration and peroral oestriol therapy on skin. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (Suppl) 1973; 21: 1-4.
34. Brincat M, Moniz CHJ, Kabalan S, Versi E, O'Dowd T, Magos AL et al. Decline in skin collagen and metacarpal index after the menopause and its prevention with sex hormone replacement. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1987; 94: 126-9.
35. Shahrad P, Marks RA. Pharmacological effects of oestrone on human epidermis. Br J Dermatol 1977; 97: 383-6.
36. Brincat M, Moniz CJ, Studd JWW, Darby A, Magos A, Emburey G et al. Long term effects of the menopause and sex hormones on skin thickness. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 92: 256-9.
37. Castelo-Branco C, Pons F, Gratacos E, Fortuny A, Vanrell JA, Gonzalez Merlo J. Relationship between skin collagen and bone changes during aging. Maturitas 1994; 18: 199-206.
38. Garner P, Delmas PD. Biochemical markers of bone turnover. Applications for osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1988; 27 (2): 303-23.
39. Holland EF, Studd JW, Mansell JP, Leather AT, Bailey AJ. Changes in collagen composition and cross-links in bone and skin of osteoporotic postmenopausal women treated with percutaneous estradiol implants. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83: 180-3.
40. Schmidt JB, Binder M, Demschik G, Biegmayer C, Reiner A. Treatment of skin aging with topical estrogens. Int J Dermatol 1996; 35 (9): 669-74.
41. Creidi P, Faivre B, Agache P, Richard E, Haudiquet V, Sauvanet JP. Effect of a conjugated oestrogen (Premarin) cream on ageing facial skin. A comparative study with a placebo cream. Maturitas 1994; 19: 211-23.
42. Pierard GE, Letawe C, Dowlati A, Pierard-Franchimont C. Effect of hormone replacement therapy for menopause on the mechanical properties of skin. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995; 43(6): 662-5.
43. Brincat M, Studd JWW, Moniz CF, Parsons V, Darby AJ. Skin thickness and skin collagen mimic an index of osteoporosis in the postmenopausal woman. Christiansen C et al., ed. in 'Osteoporosis'. Proceedings of the Copenhagen International Symposium on Osteoporosis, 1984: pp. 335-55.
44. Brincat M, Studd JWW, Moniz CF, Parsons V, Darby AJ. Skin thickness measurement. A simple screening method for determining patients at risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Christiansen C et al., ed. in 'Osteoporosis'. Proceedings of the Copenhagen International Symposium on Osteoporosis, 1984: 323-6.
45. Brincat M, Galea R, Muscat Baron Y. A screening model for Osteoporosis using dermal skin thickness and bone densitometry. Wren BG, ed. in 'Progress in Management of the menopause'. Carnforth, UK: Parthenon Publishing. 1997: 175-8.
46. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willem WC, Anson JE, Rosner B, Speizer F et al. Postmenopausal oestrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten year follow-up from The Nurses Health Study. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 756-62.
47. PEPI Trial Writing Group. Effects of estrogen and estrogen/progesterone regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The postmenopausal estrogen/progesterone Intervention (PEPI) trial. J Am Med Assoc 1995; 273: 199-208.
48. Adams MR, Kaplan JR, Manuck SB, Koritnik DR, Parks JS, Wolfe MS et al. Inhibition of coronary artery atheriosclerosis by 17β-Estradiol in ovariectomised monkeys: lack of an effect of added progesterone. Atheriosclerosis 1990; 10: 1051-7.
49. Muscat Baron Y, Brincat M, Galea R. Carotid artery wall thickness in women treated with hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 1997; 27: 47-53.
50. Muscat Baron Y, Galea R, Brincat M. Carotid artery wall changes in estrogen treated and untreated postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 91(6): 982-6.