메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 17-24

Height growth and vertical development of an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest in southwestern Washington State, U.S.A.

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GROWTH; HEIGHT; OLD-GROWTH FOREST;

EID: 0034058521     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-30-1-17     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (51)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0029730069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree species stratification in relation to allometry and demography in a warm-temperate rain forest
    • Aiba, S., and Kohyama, T. 1996. Tree species stratification in relation to allometry and demography in a warm-temperate rain forest. J. Ecol. 84: 207-218.
    • (1996) J. Ecol. , vol.84 , pp. 207-218
    • Aiba, S.1    Kohyama, T.2
  • 2
    • 0000575960 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of sampling methods and model forms for estimating height-diameter relationships in loblolly pine plantations
    • Arabatzis, A.A., and Burkhart, H.E. 1992. An evaluation of sampling methods and model forms for estimating height-diameter relationships in loblolly pine plantations. For. Sci. 38: 192-198.
    • (1992) For. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 192-198
    • Arabatzis, A.A.1    Burkhart, H.E.2
  • 4
    • 0027066517 scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of structure among mixed dipterocarp forests of north-western Borneo
    • Ashton, P., and Hall, P. 1992. Comparisons of structure among mixed dipterocarp forests of north-western Borneo. J. Ecol. 80: 459-481.
    • (1992) J. Ecol. , vol.80 , pp. 459-481
    • Ashton, P.1    Hall, P.2
  • 6
    • 0001665328 scopus 로고
    • Apical dominance and form in woody plants: A reappraisal
    • Brown, C.L., McAlpine, R.G., and Kormanik, P.P. 1967. Apical dominance and form in woody plants: a reappraisal. Am. J. Bot. 54: 153-162.
    • (1967) Am. J. Bot. , vol.54 , pp. 153-162
    • Brown, C.L.1    McAlpine, R.G.2    Kormanik, P.P.3
  • 7
    • 0025683767 scopus 로고
    • Light regimes beneath closed canopies and tree-fall gaps in temperate and tropical forests
    • Canham, C.D., Denslow, J.S., Platt, W.J., Runkle, J.R., Spies, T.A., and White, P.S. 1990. Light regimes beneath closed canopies and tree-fall gaps in temperate and tropical forests. Can. J. For. Res. 20: 620-631.
    • (1990) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 620-631
    • Canham, C.D.1    Denslow, J.S.2    Platt, W.J.3    Runkle, J.R.4    Spies, T.A.5    White, P.S.6
  • 8
    • 0026283989 scopus 로고
    • The impact of physical damage on canopy tree regeneration in tropical rain forest
    • Clark, D.B., and Clark, D.A. 1991. The impact of physical damage on canopy tree regeneration in tropical rain forest. J. Ecol. 79: 447-458.
    • (1991) J. Ecol. , vol.79 , pp. 447-458
    • Clark, D.B.1    Clark, D.A.2
  • 9
    • 0002501878 scopus 로고
    • Structural niches in plant communities
    • Edited by J. Diamond and T.J. Case. Harper & Row, New York
    • Cody, M.L. 1986. Structural niches in plant communities: In Community ecology. Edited by J. Diamond and T.J. Case. Harper & Row, New York. pp. 381-405.
    • (1986) Community Ecology , pp. 381-405
    • Cody, M.L.1
  • 11
    • 0000749503 scopus 로고
    • Old-growth Douglas-fir and western hemlock: A 36-year record of growth and mortality
    • DeBell, D.S., and Franklin, J.F. 1987. Old-growth Douglas-fir and western hemlock: a 36-year record of growth and mortality. West. J. Appl. For. 2: 111-114.
    • (1987) West. J. Appl. For. , vol.2 , pp. 111-114
    • DeBell, D.S.1    Franklin, J.F.2
  • 13
    • 0030616682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for evaluating crown area profiles of forest stands
    • Dubrasich, M.E., Hann, D.W., and Tappeiner, J.C., II. 1997. Methods for evaluating crown area profiles of forest stands. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 385-392.
    • (1997) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 385-392
    • Dubrasich, M.E.1    Hann, D.W.2    Tappeiner J.C. II3
  • 14
    • 0028190767 scopus 로고
    • Using hemispherical photography for estimating photosynthetic photon flux density under canopies and gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest
    • Easter, M.J., and Spies, T.A. 1994. Using hemispherical photography for estimating photosynthetic photon flux density under canopies and gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 2050-2058.
    • (1994) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 2050-2058
    • Easter, M.J.1    Spies, T.A.2
  • 15
    • 0027498813 scopus 로고
    • Tree population dynamics, growth, and mortality in old-growth forests in the western Olympic Mountains, Washington
    • Edmonds, R.L., Thomas, T.B., and Maybury, K.P. 1993. Tree population dynamics, growth, and mortality in old-growth forests in the western Olympic Mountains, Washington. Can. J. For. Res. 23: 512-519.
    • (1993) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 512-519
    • Edmonds, R.L.1    Thomas, T.B.2    Maybury, K.P.3
  • 18
    • 0024258203 scopus 로고
    • Thirty-six years of tree population change in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest
    • Franklin, J.F., and DeBell, D.S. 1988. Thirty-six years of tree population change in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 633-639.
    • (1988) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 633-639
    • Franklin, J.F.1    DeBell, D.S.2
  • 20
    • 85011171976 scopus 로고
    • Biomass and primary production in forests of three major vegetation zones of the northwestern United States
    • Fujimori, T., Kawanabe, S., Saito, H., Grier, C.C., and Shidei, T. 1976. Biomass and primary production in forests of three major vegetation zones of the northwestern United States. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 58: 360-373.
    • (1976) J. Jpn. For. Soc. , vol.58 , pp. 360-373
    • Fujimori, T.1    Kawanabe, S.2    Saito, H.3    Grier, C.C.4    Shidei, T.5
  • 21
    • 0013658397 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the severe damage in a sugi stand caused by wet, gusty snowstorm
    • Goto, Y., and Nitta, R. 1990. Analysis of the severe damage in a sugi stand caused by wet, gusty snowstorm. [In Japanese with English abstract.] J. Jpn. For. Soc. 72: 406-414.
    • (1990) J. Jpn. For. Soc. , vol.72 , pp. 406-414
    • Goto, Y.1    Nitta, R.2
  • 22
    • 0030302259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gap size, within-gap position and canopy structure effects on conifer seedling establishment
    • Gray, A.N., and Spies, T.A. 1996. Gap size, within-gap position and canopy structure effects on conifer seedling establishment. J. Ecol. 84: 635-645.
    • (1996) J. Ecol. , vol.84 , pp. 635-645
    • Gray, A.N.1    Spies, T.A.2
  • 23
    • 0000322882 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of montane and lowland rain forest in Ecuador. I. The forest structure, physiognomy, and floristics
    • Grubb, P.J., Lloyd, J.R., Pennington, T.D., and Whitmore, T.C. 1963. A comparison of montane and lowland rain forest in Ecuador. I. The forest structure, physiognomy, and floristics. J. Ecol. 51: 567-601.
    • (1963) J. Ecol. , vol.51 , pp. 567-601
    • Grubb, P.J.1    Lloyd, J.R.2    Pennington, T.D.3    Whitmore, T.C.4
  • 26
    • 0024197828 scopus 로고
    • Height growth rate of Douglas-fir: A comparison of model forms
    • Hann, D.W., and Ritchie, M.W. 1988. Height growth rate of Douglas-fir: a comparison of model forms. For. Sci. 34: 165-175.
    • (1988) For. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 165-175
    • Hann, D.W.1    Ritchie, M.W.2
  • 27
    • 0024872675 scopus 로고
    • Influence of neighbors on tree form: Effects of lateral shade and prevention of sway on the allometry of Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum)
    • Holbrook, N.M., and Putz, F.E. 1989. Influence of neighbors on tree form: effects of lateral shade and prevention of sway on the allometry of Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum). Am. J. Bot. 76: 1740-1749.
    • (1989) Am. J. Bot. , vol.76 , pp. 1740-1749
    • Holbrook, N.M.1    Putz, F.E.2
  • 28
    • 0001099549 scopus 로고
    • Some simulations results about confidence intervals and bootstrap methods in nonlinear regression
    • Huet, S., Jolivet, E., and Messean, A. 1990. Some simulations results about confidence intervals and bootstrap methods in nonlinear regression. Statistics, 21: 369-432.
    • (1990) Statistics , vol.21 , pp. 369-432
    • Huet, S.1    Jolivet, E.2    Messean, A.3
  • 29
    • 0028164297 scopus 로고
    • The hazards of interpretation of static age structures as shown by stand reconstructions in a Pinus conforta - Picea engelmannii forest
    • Johnson, E.A., Miyanishi, K., and Kleb, H. 1994. The hazards of interpretation of static age structures as shown by stand reconstructions in a Pinus conforta - Picea engelmannii forest. J. Ecol. 82: 923-931.
    • (1994) J. Ecol. , vol.82 , pp. 923-931
    • Johnson, E.A.1    Miyanishi, K.2    Kleb, H.3
  • 30
    • 0026378894 scopus 로고
    • Tree allometry, leaf size and adult size in old-growth forests of western Oregon
    • King, D.A. 1991. Tree allometry, leaf size and adult size in old-growth forests of western Oregon. Tree Physiol. 9: 369-381.
    • (1991) Tree Physiol. , vol.9 , pp. 369-381
    • King, D.A.1
  • 31
    • 0030618323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Branch growth and biomass allocation in Abies amabilis saplings in contrasting light environments
    • King, D.A. 1997. Branch growth and biomass allocation in Abies amabilis saplings in contrasting light environments. Tree Physiol. 17: 251-258.
    • (1997) Tree Physiol. , vol.17 , pp. 251-258
    • King, D.A.1
  • 32
    • 0000094756 scopus 로고
    • Structure of forest canopies as related to their primary productivity
    • Kira, T., Shinozaki, K., and Hozumi, K. 1969. Structure of forest canopies as related to their primary productivity. Plant Cell Physiol. 10: 129-142.
    • (1969) Plant Cell Physiol. , vol.10 , pp. 129-142
    • Kira, T.1    Shinozaki, K.2    Hozumi, K.3
  • 33
    • 51249182624 scopus 로고
    • Growth pattern of Abies mariesii saplings under conditions of open-growth and suppression
    • Kohyama, T. 1980. Growth pattern of Abies mariesii saplings under conditions of open-growth and suppression. Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 93: 13-24.
    • (1980) Bot. Mag. Tokyo , vol.93 , pp. 13-24
    • Kohyama, T.1
  • 34
    • 0027380892 scopus 로고
    • Size-structured tree populations in gap-dynamic forest - The forest architecture hypothesis for the stable coexistence of species
    • Kohyama, T. 1993. Size-structured tree populations in gap-dynamic forest - the forest architecture hypothesis for the stable coexistence of species. J. Ecol. 81: 131-143.
    • (1993) J. Ecol. , vol.81 , pp. 131-143
    • Kohyama, T.1
  • 35
    • 0013660134 scopus 로고
    • A generalized height-diameter equation for coastal California species
    • Krumland, B.E., and Wensel, L.C. 1988. A generalized height-diameter equation for coastal California species. West. J. Appl. For. 3: 113-115.
    • (1988) West. J. Appl. For. , vol.3 , pp. 113-115
    • Krumland, B.E.1    Wensel, L.C.2
  • 37
    • 0013638356 scopus 로고
    • Jinkouzourin
    • Edited by T. Tsutsumi. Asakura Shoten, Tokyo
    • Miyajima, H. 1989. Jinkouzourin. [In Japanese.] In Shinpan zouringaku. Edited by T. Tsutsumi. Asakura Shoten, Tokyo. pp. 116-129.
    • (1989) Shinpan Zouringaku , pp. 116-129
    • Miyajima, H.1
  • 38
    • 0031475067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting snow damage of trees with particular reference to European conditions
    • Nykanen, M., Peltola, H., Quine, C., Kellomaki, S., and Broadgate, M. 1997. Factors affecting snow damage of trees with particular reference to European conditions. Silva Fenn. 31: 193-213.
    • (1997) Silva Fenn. , vol.31 , pp. 193-213
    • Nykanen, M.1    Peltola, H.2    Quine, C.3    Kellomaki, S.4    Broadgate, M.5
  • 39
    • 0027977537 scopus 로고
    • Crown architecture of understory and open-growth white pine (Pinus strobus L.) saplings
    • O'Connell, B.M., and Kelty, M.J. 1994. Crown architecture of understory and open-growth white pine (Pinus strobus L.) saplings. Tree Physiol. 14: 89-102.
    • (1994) Tree Physiol. , vol.14 , pp. 89-102
    • O'Connell, B.M.1    Kelty, M.J.2
  • 40
    • 0013639163 scopus 로고
    • Shinrin no senni
    • Edited by T. Tsutsumi. Asakura Shoten, Tokyo
    • Ogino, K. 1990. Shinrin no senni. [In Japanese.] In Shinrinseitaigaku. Edited by T. Tsutsumi. Asakura Shoten, Tokyo. pp. 19-37.
    • (1990) Shinrinseitaigaku , pp. 19-37
    • Ogino, K.1
  • 41
    • 0031465866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canopy structure and light environment of an old-growth Douglas-fir/western hemlock forest
    • Parker, G.G. 1997. Canopy structure and light environment of an old-growth Douglas-fir/western hemlock forest. Northwest Sci. 71: 261-270.
    • (1997) Northwest Sci. , vol.71 , pp. 261-270
    • Parker, G.G.1
  • 42
    • 0023482299 scopus 로고
    • Branching and terminal growth of western redcedar
    • Parker, T., and Johnson, F.D. 1987. Branching and terminal growth of western redcedar. Northwest Sci. 61: 7-12.
    • (1987) Northwest Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 7-12
    • Parker, T.1    Johnson, F.D.2
  • 43
    • 0020918821 scopus 로고
    • Uprooting and snapping of trees: Structural determinants and ecological consequences
    • Putz, F.E., Coley, P.D., Lu, K., Montalvo, A., and Aiello, A. 1983. Uprooting and snapping of trees: structural determinants and ecological consequences. Can. J. For. Res. 13: 1011-1020.
    • (1983) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.13 , pp. 1011-1020
    • Putz, F.E.1    Coley, P.D.2    Lu, K.3    Montalvo, A.4    Aiello, A.5
  • 45
    • 0022848358 scopus 로고
    • Development of a tree height growth model for Douglas-fir
    • Ritchie, M.W., and Hann, D.W. 1986. Development of a tree height growth model for Douglas-fir. For. Ecol. Manage. 15: 135-145.
    • (1986) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.15 , pp. 135-145
    • Ritchie, M.W.1    Hann, D.W.2
  • 46
    • 0030887816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth
    • Ryan, M.G., and Yoder, B.J. 1997. Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree growth. BioScience, 47: 235-242.
    • (1997) BioScience , vol.47 , pp. 235-242
    • Ryan, M.G.1    Yoder, B.J.2
  • 47
    • 0013684861 scopus 로고
    • Asakura Shoten, Tokyo
    • Shidei, T. (Editor). 1976. Shinrinhogogaku. Asakura Shoten, Tokyo.
    • (1976) Shinrinhogogaku
    • Shidei, T.1
  • 48
    • 0025693376 scopus 로고
    • Canopy gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Cascade Mountains
    • Spies, T.A., Franklin, J.F., and Klopsch, M. 1990. Canopy gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Cascade Mountains. Can. J. For. Res. 20: 649-658.
    • (1990) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 649-658
    • Spies, T.A.1    Franklin, J.F.2    Klopsch, M.3
  • 49
    • 0026307762 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance, equilibrium and environmental variability: What is 'natural' vegetation in a changing environment?
    • Sprugel, D.G. 1991. Disturbance, equilibrium and environmental variability: what is 'natural' vegetation in a changing environment? Biol. Conserv. 58: 1-18.
    • (1991) Biol. Conserv. , vol.58 , pp. 1-18
    • Sprugel, D.G.1
  • 50
    • 0013663340 scopus 로고
    • The branching habits and life history of woody plants
    • Stevens, G.C., and Perkins, A.L. 1992. The branching habits and life history of woody plants. Am. Nat. 125: 702-715.
    • (1992) Am. Nat. , vol.125 , pp. 702-715
    • Stevens, G.C.1    Perkins, A.L.2
  • 51
    • 0022855954 scopus 로고
    • Forest development in canopy openings in old-growth Pseudotsuga forests of the western Cascade Range, Oregon
    • Stewart, G.H. 1986a. Forest development in canopy openings in old-growth Pseudotsuga forests of the western Cascade Range, Oregon. Can. J. For. Res. 16: 558-568.
    • (1986) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 558-568
    • Stewart, G.H.1
  • 52
    • 0022832707 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of a montane conifer forest, western Cascade Range, Oregon, USA
    • Stewart, G.H. 1986b. Population dynamics of a montane conifer forest, western Cascade Range, Oregon, USA. Ecology, 67: 534-544.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 534-544
    • Stewart, G.H.1
  • 54
    • 0029526292 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional structure of a mixed broad-leaved forest in Japan
    • Sumida, A. 1995. Three-dimensional structure of a mixed broad-leaved forest in Japan. Vegetatio, 119: 67-80.
    • (1995) Vegetatio , vol.119 , pp. 67-80
    • Sumida, A.1
  • 56
    • 0000722086 scopus 로고
    • Wind-induced physiological and developmental responses in trees
    • Edited by M.P. Coutts and J. Grace. Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Telewski, F.W. 1995. Wind-induced physiological and developmental responses in trees. In Wind and trees. Edited by M.P. Coutts and J. Grace. Cambridge University Press, New York. pp. 237-263.
    • (1995) Wind and Trees , pp. 237-263
    • Telewski, F.W.1
  • 57
    • 0037932972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic height as a predictor of growth and allometric characteristics in Malaysian rain forest trees
    • Thomas, S.C. 1996. Asymptotic height as a predictor of growth and allometric characteristics in Malaysian rain forest trees. Am. J. Bot. 83: 556-566.
    • (1996) Am. J. Bot. , vol.83 , pp. 556-566
    • Thomas, S.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.