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Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 28-33

Chemical-warfare techniques for insect control: Insect 'pests' in Germany before and after World War I

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EID: 0034058295     PISSN: 01609327     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0160-9327(99)01261-2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (13)

References (36)
  • 5
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    • Ein Vorschlag zur Hebung der Forstentomologie
    • quote from p. 593
    • Escherich, K. (1913) Ein Vorschlag zur Hebung der Forstentomologie. Naturwissenschaftliche Z. Land-Forstwirtschaft 10, 591-594, quote from p. 593
    • (1913) Naturwissenschaftliche Z. Land-Forstwirtschaft , vol.10 , pp. 591-594
    • Escherich, K.1
  • 6
    • 0003875058 scopus 로고
    • On symbols for masses see this edition Fischer, esp. pp. 97-98
    • On symbols for masses see Canetti, E. (1960, this edition 1996) Masse und Macht, Fischer, pp. 87-105, esp. pp. 97-98
    • (1960) Masse Und Macht , pp. 87-105
    • Canetti, E.1
  • 7
    • 0342469369 scopus 로고
    • Beobachtungen und Versuche, betreffend die Reblaus, Phylloxera vastatrix PI., und deren Bekaempfung
    • Moritz, J. (1893) Beobachtungen und Versuche, betreffend die Reblaus, Phylloxera vastatrix PI., und deren Bekaempfung. Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte 8, 507-577;
    • (1893) Arbeiten Aus Dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte , vol.8 , pp. 507-577
    • Moritz, J.1
  • 8
    • 84867106295 scopus 로고
    • Raeucherungen mit Blausaure gegen die Blutlaus (Schizoneura lanigera Hausmann) und die rote austernformige Schildlaus (Epidiaspis betulae [Bar] Ldgr.)
    • Lüstner, G. (1914) Raeucherungen mit Blausaure gegen die Blutlaus (Schizoneura lanigera Hausmann) und die rote austernformige Schildlaus (Epidiaspis betulae [Bar] Ldgr.). Deutsche Obstbauzeitung 60 (8), 174-176.
    • (1914) Deutsche Obstbauzeitung , vol.60 , Issue.8 , pp. 174-176
    • Lüstner, G.1
  • 10
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    • Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für angewandte Entomologie, 1. Jahresversammlung 1913
    • Anon. (1914) Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für angewandte Entomologie, 1. Jahresversammlung 1913. Z. Angewandte Entomol. 1, 8
    • (1914) Z. Angewandte Entomol. , vol.1 , pp. 8
    • Anon1
  • 11
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    • Beitraege zu einer Biologie der Kleiderlaus Z
    • Hase, A. (1915) Beitraege zu einer Biologie der Kleiderlaus Z. Angewandte Entomol. 2, 265-359;
    • (1915) Angewandte Entomol. , vol.2 , pp. 265-359
    • Hase, A.1
  • 13
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    • Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Frage der Laeusebekampfung
    • Hase, A. (1916) Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Frage der Laeusebekampfung. Z. Hyg. Infektionskrankheiten 81, 319-378.
    • (1916) Z. Hyg. Infektionskrankheiten , vol.81 , pp. 319-378
    • Hase, A.1
  • 14
    • 33847570862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The First World War and the campaign against lice: Comparing British and German measures
    • On different strategies of German and British armies see Eckart, W. and Gradmann, C., eds, Centaurus
    • On different strategies of German and British armies see Weindling, P. (1996) The First World War and the campaign against lice: comparing British and German measures. In Die Medizin und der Erste Weltkrieg (Eckart, W. and Gradmann, C., eds), pp. 227-239, Centaurus
    • (1996) Die Medizin Und Der Erste Weltkrieg , pp. 227-239
    • Weindling, P.1
  • 15
    • 33847552727 scopus 로고
    • Archives of the Max-Planck Society
    • Confidential memorandum by Fritz Haber, Sept. 18, Albrecht Hase's account of Haber's efforts is documented in his manuscript Leben von
    • Confidential memorandum by Fritz Haber, Sept. 18, 1917. Archives of the Max-Planck Society, V Abt., Rep. 13 (Haber), Nr. 1678, 12 pp. Albrecht Hase's account of Haber's efforts is documented in his manuscript Leben von
    • (1917) V Abt., Rep. 13 (Haber) , vol.1678
  • 16
    • 33847553172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prof. Haber, also kept at this archive
    • Prof. Haber, also kept at this archive [V. Abt., Rep. 13 (Haber), Nr. 2304]
    • V. Abt., Rep. 13 (Haber) , vol.2304
  • 18
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    • Blausaeurederivate zur Schädlingsbekämpfung
    • Flury, F. and Hase, A. (1920) Blausaeurederivate zur Schädlingsbekämpfung. Muenchener Med. Wochenschrift 27, 779-780
    • (1920) Muenchener Med. Wochenschrift , vol.27 , pp. 779-780
    • Flury, F.1    Hase, A.2
  • 19
    • 0343338799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Der grössie Versuch, den die Einbildungskraft ersinnen kann' - Der Krieg als hygienisch-bakteriologisches Laboratorium und Erfahrungsfeld
    • Eckart, W. and Gradmann, C., eds, Centaurus
    • Eckart, W. (1996) 'Der grössie Versuch, den die Einbildungskraft ersinnen kann' - Der Krieg als hygienisch-bakteriologisches Laboratorium und Erfahrungsfeld. In Die Medizin und der Erste Weltkrieg (Eckart, W. and Gradmann, C., eds), pp. 299-319, Centaurus
    • (1996) Die Medizin Und Der Erste Weltkrieg , pp. 299-319
    • Eckart, W.1
  • 21
    • 33847548647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The moths disappeared a year later without any measures being taken against them
    • The moths disappeared a year later without any measures being taken against them
  • 24
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    • and by two recent biographers of Fritz Haber
    • Parts of these wartime connections were described by O. Groehler [(1989) Der Lautlose Tod, Rowohlt] and by two recent biographers of Fritz Haber:
    • (1989) Der Lautlose Tod, Rowohlt
    • Groehler, O.1
  • 27
    • 0039726227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Speaking of annihilation': Mobilizing for war against human and insect enemies, 1914-1945
    • Beck. For the USA, similar alliances during WW I are documented in
    • Beck. For the USA, similar alliances during WW I are documented in Russell, E.P. (1996) 'Speaking of annihilation': mobilizing for war against human and insect enemies, 1914-1945. J. Am. Hist. 33, 1505-1529
    • (1996) J. Am. Hist. , vol.33 , pp. 1505-1529
    • Russell, E.P.1
  • 28
    • 33847560745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russel (in note 17) shows that during and after WWI, chemical-warfare technology was also integrated into economic entomology in the USA and, during World War II, Japanese soldiers were portrayed as insects. This technique of dehumanizing enemy soldiers and thus lowering the threshold of killing in warfare was not extended to murdering Japanese civilians in concentration camps
    • Russel (in note 17) shows that during and after WWI, chemical-warfare technology was also integrated into economic entomology in the USA and, during World War II, Japanese soldiers were portrayed as insects. This technique of dehumanizing enemy soldiers and thus lowering the threshold of killing in warfare was not extended to murdering Japanese civilians in concentration camps
  • 32
    • 33847545031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archive of the History of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin-Dahlem, WWI No. 35
    • Archive of the History of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin-Dahlem, WWI No. 35
  • 33
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    • Archive of the History of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin-Dahlem, WWI No. 2
    • Archive of the History of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin-Dahlem, WWI No. 2
  • 34
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    • Archive of the History of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin-Dahlem, KWI f. physik. Chemie/Elektrochemie 9/VI
    • Archive of the History of the Max-Planck Society, Berlin-Dahlem, KWI f. physik. Chemie/Elektrochemie 9/VI
  • 35
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    • Bundesarchiv Berlin R 3602/162
    • Bundesarchiv Berlin R 3602/162


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