Breeding for resistance to rhizomania in sugar beet: A review

Euphytica

Volumn 112, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 219-231

  Scholten, Olga E ^a   Lange, Wouter ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus; Beta vulgaris; BNYVV; Breeding; Molecular markers; Pathogen derived resistance; Polymyxa betae; Rhizomania; Sugar beet

Indexed keywords

BEET NECROTIC YELLOW VEIN VIRUS; CULTIVAR; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS; GENETIC MARKER; GENETIC SELECTION; PLANT BREEDING; PLANT DISEASE CONTROL; POLYMYXA BETAE; RHIZOMANIA; SUGAR BEET; VIRAL GENETICS; VIRUS INFECTIVITY; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 0034056517     PISSN: 00142336     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1003988003165     Document Type: Review

References (149)

1. Abe, H. & T. Tamada, 1986. Association of beet necrotic yellow vein virus with isolates of Polymyxa betae Keskin. Ann Phytopathol Soc Japan 52: 235-247.
2. Abe, H. & T. Tamada, 1987. A test tube culture system for multiplication of Polymyxa betae and beet necrotic yellow vein virus in rootlets of sugar beet. Proc Sugar Beet Res Assoc Japan 29: 34-38.
3. Abe, H. & T. Ui, 1986. Host range of Polymyxa betae Keskin strains in rhizomania-infested soils of sugar beet fields in Japan. Ann Phytopathol Soc Japan 52: 394-403.
4. Alderlieste, M.F.J. & F.A. Van Eeuwijk, 1992. Assessment of concentrations of beet necrotic yellow vein virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Virol Meth 37: 163-176.
5. Asher, M.J.C., 1989. Rhizomania: Progress with resistant varieties. Brit Sugar 57: 16-19.
6. Asher, M.J.C., 1993. Rhizomania. In: D.A. Cooke & R.K. Scott (Eds.), The Sugar Beet Crop. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 311-346.
7. Asher, M.J.C. & K.J. Barr, 1990. The host range of Polymyxa betae and resistance in Beta species. In: Koenig R. (Ed.), Proceedings of the First Symposium of the International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors Braunschweig. German Phytomedical Society Series, Volume 1. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp. 65-68.
8. Asher, M.J.C. & S.J. Blunt, 1987. The ecological requirements of Polymyxa betae. Proceedings of the 50th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 45-55.
9. Asher, M.J.C. & C.M. Henry, 1993. Research to contain beet rhizomania in the UK. BCPC Monograph No 54: Plant Health and the European Single Market: 111-122.
10. Asher, M.J.C. & S. Kerr, 1996. Rhizomania: Progress with resistant varieties. Brit Sugar 64: 19-22.
11. Asher, M.J.C., E.S. Mutasa-Goettgens & D.M. Chwarszcynska, 1997. Rhizomania: the role of vector and virus resistance. Proceedings of the 60th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Cambridge (UK): 389-393.
12. Barnes, S., G. Massaro, M. Lefèbvre, M. Kuiper & E. Verstege, 1996. A combined RFLP and AFLP genetic map for sugar beet. Proceedings of the 59th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 555-560.
13. Barr, K.J. & M.J.C. Asher, 1996. Studies on the life-cycle of Polymyxa betae in sugar beet roots. Mycol Res 100: 203-208.
14. Barr, K.J., M.J.C. Asher & B.G. Lewis, 1995. Resistance to Polymyxa betae in wild Beta species. Plant Pathol 44: 301-307.
15. Barzen, E., W. Mechelke, E. Ritter, E. Schulte-Kappert & F. Salamini, 1995. An extended map of the sugar beet genome containing RFLP and RAPD loci. Theor Appl Genet 90: 189-193.
16. Barzen, E., W. Mechelke, E. Ritter, J.F. Seitzer & F. Salamini, 1992. RFLP markers for sugar beet breeding: chromosomal linkage maps and location of major genes for rhizomania resistance, monogermy and hypocotyl colour. Plant J 2: 601-611.
17. Barzen, E., R. Stahl, E. Fuchs, D.C. Borchardt & F. Salamini, 1997. Development of coupling-repulsion-phase SCAR markers diagnostic for the sugar beet Rr1 allele conferring resistance to rhizomania. Mol Breed 3: 231-238.
18. Baulcombe, D.C., 1996. Mechanisms of pathogen-derived resistance to viruses in transgenic plants. The Plant Cell 8: 1833-1844.
19. Beachy, R.N., S. Loesch-Fries & N.B. Tumer, 1990. Coat protein mediated resistance against virus infection. Ann Rev Phytopath 28: 451-474.
20. Blunt, S.J., M.J.C. Asher & C.A. Gilligan, 1991. Infection of sugar beet by Polymyxa betae in relation to soil temperature. Plant Pathol 40: 257-267.
21. Bolz, G. & G. Koch, 1983. Aussichten der Resistenz-(Toleranz) Züchtung im Rahmen der Bekämpfung der Rizomania. Gesunde Pflanzen 35: 275-278.
22. Bouzoubaa, S., H. Guilley, G. Jonard, K. Richards & C. Putz, 1985. Nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA-3 and RNA-4 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus isolates F2 and G1. J Gen Virol 66: 1553-1564.
23. Bouzoubaa, S., L. Quillet, H. Guilley, G. Jonard & K. Richards, 1987. Nucleotide sequence analysis of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-1. J Gen Virol 68: 615-626.
24. Bouzoubaa, S., V. Ziegler, D. Beck, H. Guilley, K. Richards & G. Jonard, 1986. Nucleotide sequence analysis of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-2. J Gen Virol 67: 1689-1700.
25. Brunt, A.A., 1992. Furovirus. In: R.I.B. Francki, C.M. Fauquet, D.L. Knudson & F. Brown (Eds.), Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Fifth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology, Supplement 2. Springer, Wien, New York, pp. 377-379.
26. Brunt, A.A. & K.E. Richards, 1989. Biology and molecular biology of furoviruses. Adv Virus Res 36: 1-32.
27. Bürcky, K., 1987. BNYVV Resistenz indizierende Merkmale und deren mögliche Nützung zur Selektion rizomaniatoleranter Zuckerrüben. Proceedings of the 50th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 131-137.
28. Bürcky, K. & G. Büttner, 1985. Ansätze zur Selektion rizomaniatoleranter Zuckerrüben während der Jugendentwicklung - I. Virustiter. Zuckerindustrie 110: 997-1000.
29. Bürcky, K. & G. Büttner, 1991. Gehalt an beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in der Hauptwurzel von Zuckerrübenpflanzen verschiedener Sorten und deren Leistung unter Rizomaniabefall im Feld. J Phytopathol 131: 1-10.
30. Butterfass, T., 1964. Die Chloroplastenzahlen in verschiedenartigen Zellen trisomer Zuckerrüben (Beta vulgaris L.). Z Botanik 52: 46-77.
31. Büttner, G. & K. Bürcky, 1990. Content and distribution of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in sugar beet varieties with different degrees of susceptibility to rhizomania. In: R. Koenig (Ed.), Proceedings of the First Symposium of the International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors, Braunschweig. German Phytomedical Society Series, Volume 1. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp. 83-86.
32. Büttner, G., L. Frese & G. Steinrücken, 1995. Selektion von Rizomania-Resistenzgenen aus Wildrüben (Beta vulgaris L.). Proceedings of the 58th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Beaune: 101-111.
33. Büttner, G. & B. Mangold, 1998. Tolerance, resistance, immunity - terms and their significance with reference to rhizomania. Zuckerindustrie 123: 694-701 (in German).
34. Büttner, G. & B. Märländer, 1996. Hinweise auf Pathogenitätsunterschiede bei Zuckerrüben zwischen verschiedenen geographischen Herkünften von beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). Proceedings of the 59th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 257-267.
35. Büttner, G., B. Märländer & R. Manthey, 1995. Breeding for resistance to rhizomania in sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Plant Breed 114: 160-164.
36. Cai, D., M. Kleine, S. Kifle, H.-J. Harloff, N.N. Sandal, K.A. Marcker, R.M. Klein-Lankhorst, E.M. Salentijn, W. Lange, W.J. Stiekema, U. Wyss, F.M.W. Grundler & C. Jung, 1997. Positional cloning of a gene for nematode resistance in suar beet. Science 275: 832-834.
37. Canova, A., 1959. Appunti di patologica della barbabietola. Informatore Fitopatologico 9: 390-396.
38. Ciafardini, G., 1991. Evaluation of Polymyxa betae Keskin contaminated by beet necrotic yellow vein virus in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 57: 1817-1821.
39. Clark, M.F. & A.N. Adams, 1977. Characteristics of the microtiter plate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. J Gen Virol 34: 475-483.
40. Dahm, H. & H. Buchenauer, 1993. Studies on the biology of Polymyxa betae, the vector of beet necrotic yellow vein virus. J Phytopathol 139: 329-338.
41. De Biaggi, M., 1987. Méthodes de sélection, un cas concret. Proceedings of the 50th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 157-163.
42. De Bock, Th.S.M., 1986. The genus Beta: Domestication, taxonomy and interspecific hybridization for plant breeding. Acta Horticulturae 182: 335-343.
43. De Heij, A., 1996. Dynamiek van Polymyxa betae en het bieterhizomanievirus. Effect van clustering op de bepaling van infectiedruk en -dynamiek van Polymyxa betae en het bieterhizomanievirus. Gewasbescherming 27: 119-124.
44. De Heij, A. & W. Heijbroek, 1989. Rhizomanie: het effect van cultuurmaatregelen. Dossier Gewasbescherming 6: 41-43.
45. Ebskamp, A.G.M. and H. Bonthuis, 1998. 73e Rassenlijst voor landbouwgewassen 1998. Centrum voor Plantenveredelings- en Reproductieonderzoek (CPRO-DLO), Wageningen: 206-217.
46. Ehlers, U., U. Commandeur, R. Frank, J. Landsmann, R. Koenig & W. Burgermeister, 1991. Cloning of the coat protein gene from beet necrotic yellow vein virus and its expression in sugar beet hairy roots. Theor Appl Genet 81: 777-782.
47. Francis, S.A., M. Redfearn, D.M. Chwarszynska, M.J.C. Asher & R.T. Lewellen, 1998. Use of molecular markers in breeding for disease resistance in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Aspects Appl Biol 52: 279-285.
48. Fujisawa, I. & T. Sugimoto, 1979. The reaction of some beet species of sections Patellares, Corollinae and Vulgares to rhizomania of sugar beet. Proc Sugar Beet Res Assoc Japan 21: 31-38.
49. Fujisawa, I., T. Sugimoto, H. Sugawara & M. Hichiji, 1982. Comparing resistance to rhizomania disease among sugar beet varieties and strains. Proc Sugar Beet Res Assoc Japan 24: 163-169.
50. Fulton, R.W., 1986. Practices and precautions in the use of cross protection for plant virus disease control. Ann Rev Phytopathol 24: 67-81.
51. Gerik, J.S., R.T. Lewellen & J.E. Duffus, 1987. Resistance to Polymyxa betae in sugar beet varieties with differential reactions to rhizomania. Phytopathology 77: 1759 (abstract).
52. Gilmer, D., S. Bouzoubaa, A. Hehn, G. Guilley, K. Richards & G. Jonard, 1992. Efficient cell-to-cell movement of beet necrotic yellow vein virus requires 3′ proximal genes located on RNA 2. Virology 189: 40-47.
53. Giorio, G., M. Gallitelli & F. Carriero, 1997. Molecular markers linked to rhizomania resistance in sugar beet, Beta vulgaris, from two different sources map to the same linkage group. Plant Breed 116: 401-408.
54. Giunchedi, L., M. De Biaggi & C. Poggi Pollini, 1985. Evaluation of ELISA technique for the screening of rhizomania-tolerant sugar beet genotypes. Proceedings of the 48th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 385-390.
55. Giunchedi, L., M. De Biaggi & C. Poggi Pollini, 1987. Correlation between tolerance and beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar-beet genotypes. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 26: 23-28.
56. Grassi, G., R. Fantini & E. Biancardi, 1988. Prospective method of selecting sugar beet for resistance to rhizomania virus (BNYVV). Zuckerindustrie 113: 594-596.
57. Halldén, C., A. Hjerdin, I.M. Rading, T. Säll, B. Fridlundh, G. Johannisdottir, S. Tuvesson, C. Akesson & N.O. Nilsson, 1996. A high density RFLP linkage map of sugar beet. Genome 39: 634-645.
58. Hecht, H., 1989. Rhizomania - 'Bekämpfung' durch den züchterischen Fortschritt im Rahmen des Spektrums toleranter Zuckerrüben-Sorten: Wirksamkeit bei fehlendem, schwachem und starkem Beet-necrotic-yellow-vein-Virus-Befall. Bayerisches Landwirtschaftliches Jahrbuch 66: 515-527.
59. Heijbroek, W., 1985. De betekenis van rhizomanie voor de bieteteelt. Gewasbescherming 17: 17-18.
60. Heijbroek, W., P.M.S. Musters & A.H.L. Schoone, 1999. Variation in pathogenicity and multiplication of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in relation to the resistance of sugar-beet cultivars. Eur J Plant Pathol 105: 397-405.
61. Hillmann, U., 1984. Neue Erkentnisse über die Rizomania an Zuckerrüben mit besonderer Berücksichtigung Bayerischer Anbaugebieten. Institut für Phytopathologie und angewandte Zoologie, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, PhD Thesis, 226 pp.
62. Horak, I. & E. Schlösser, 1980. Rizomania. II. Effect of temperature on development of beet necrotic yellow vein virus and tobacco necrosis virus on sugar beet seedlings. Proceedings of the 5th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, Patras, Greece: 31-32.
63. Hugo, S.A., C.M. Henry & V. Harju, 1996. The role of alternative host of Polymyxa betae in transmission of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in England. Plant Pathol 45: 622-666.
64. Hull, R., 1994. Resistance to plant viruses: Obtaining genes by non-conventional approaches. Euphytica 75: 195-205.
65. Johansson, E., 1985. Rhizomania in sugar beet - a threat to beet growing that can be overcome by plant breeding. Sveriges Utsädesförenings Tidskrift 95: 115-121.
66. Jupin, I., H. Guilley, K.E. Richards & G. Jonard, 1992. Two proteins encoded by beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA 3 influence symptom phenotype on leaves. EMBO J 11: 479-488.
67. Kallerhof, J., P. Perez, S. Bouzoubaa, S. Ben Tahar & J. Perret, 1990. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus coat protein-mediated protection in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep 9: 224-228.
68. Kavanagh, T.A. & C. Spillane, 1995. Strategies for engineering virus resistance in transgenic plants. Euphytica 85: 149-158.
69. Keskin, B., 1964. Polymyxa betae n. sp., ein Parasit in den Wurzeln von Beta vulgaris Tournefort, besonders während der Jugendentwicklung der Zuckerrübe. Arch Mikrobiol 49: 348-374.
70. Keskin, B. & W.H. Fuchs, 1969. Der Infektionsvorgang bei Polymyxa betae. Arch Mikrobiol 68: 218-226.
71. Kiguchi, T., M. Saito & T. Tamada, 1996. Nucleotide sequence analysis of RNA-5 of five isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus and the identity of a deletion mutant. J Gen Virol 77: 575-580.
72. Koenig, R. & W. Burgermeister, 1989. Mechanical inoculation of sugarbeet roots with isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus having different RNA compositions. J Phytopathol 124: 249-255.
73. Koenig, R., W. Burgermeister & D.-E. Lesemann, 1987. Methods for the detection and identification of beet necrotic yellow vein virus. Proceedings of the 50th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 17-22.
74. Koenig, R., W. Burgermeister, H. Weich, W. Sebald & C. Kothe, 1986. Uniform RNA patterns of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugarbeet roots, but not in leaves from several plant species. J Gen Virol 67: 2043-2046.
75. Koenig, R., A.M. Haeberlé & U. Commandeur, 1997. Detection and characterization of a distinct type of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA 5 in a sugar beet growing area in Europe. Arch Virol 142: 1499-1504.
76. Koenig, R., W. Jarausch, Y. Li, U. Commandeur, W. Burgermeister, M. Gehrke & P. Lüddecke, 1991. Effect of recombinant beet necrotic yellow vein virus with different RNA compositions on mechanically inoculated sugarbeets. J Gen Virol 72: 2243-2246.
77. Koenig, R., M. Kruse, A. Hoffmann, W. Heijbroek, G. Büttner, K. Lindsten & H. Paul, 1994. The existence of possible pathotypes of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and their impact on partially resistant sugar beet varieties. Proceedings of the 57th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 363-381.
78. Koenig, R., P. Lüddecke & A.M. Haeberlé, 1995. Genome difference between beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) sources from different parts of the world. Proceedings of the 58th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Beaune: 271-278.
79. Kruse, M., A. Hoffmann, R. Koenig, A. Kaufmann, U. Commandeur, A.G. Solovyev, I. Savenkov & W. Burgermeister, 1994. RFLP analysis of RT-PCR products reveals the existence of two major strain groups of beet necrotic yellow vein virus. J Gen Virol 75: 1835-1842.
80. Lauber, E., C. Bleykasten-Grosshans, H. Guilley, S. Bouzoubaa, K. Richards & G. Jonard, 1998. Strategies for producing pathogen-derived resistance to rhizomania in transgenic sugar beets. Proceedings of the 61th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 205-220.
81. Lemaire, O., D. Merdinoglu, P. Valentin, C. Putz, V. Ziegler-Graff, H. Guilley, G. Jonard & K. Richards, 1988. Effect of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA composition on transmission by Polymyxa betae. Virology 162: 232-235.
82. Lewellen, R.T., 1988. Selection for resistance to rhizomania in sugar beet. Abstract of the 5th International Congress of Plant Pathology, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 455.
83. Lewellen, R.T., 1991. Registration of rhizomania resistant germplasm of Beta vulgaris. Crop Sci 31: 244-245.
84. Lewellen, R.T., 1995. Performance of near-isolines of sugarbeet with resistance to rhizomania from different sources. Proceedings of the 58th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Beaune: 83-92.
85. Lewellen, R.T. & E. Biancardi, 1990. Breeding and performance of rhizomania resistant sugar beet. Proceedings of the 53rd Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 69-87.
86. Lewellen, R.T. & I.O. Skoyen, 1989. Development of rhizomania resistant sugar beet germplasm. J Sugar Beet Res 26: A14 (abstract).
87. Lewellen, R.T., I.O. Skoyen & A.W. Erichsen, 1987. Breeding sugarbeet for resistance to rhizomania: evaluation of host-plant reactions and selection for and inheritance of resistance. Proceedings of the 50th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 139-156.
88. Lewellen, R.T. & E.D. Whitney, 1993. Registration of germplasm lines developed from composite crosses of sugar beet × Beta maritima. Crop Sci 33: 882-883.
89. Lewellen, R.T. & A.F. Wrona, 1997. Solarization and host-plant resistance as alternatives to soil fumigation to control rhizomania of sugarbeet. Proceedings of the 60th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Cambridge (UK): 189-201.
90. Lomonossoff, G.P., 1995. Pathogen-derived resistance to plant viruses. Ann Rev Phytopathol 33: 323-343.
91. Mangold, B., J. Kraus, W. Mechelke & G. Büttner, 1998. Resistenzverhalten gegenüber BNYVV bei konventionell oder gentechnisch entwickelten Linien und Sorten von Zuckerrüben. Proceedings of the 61th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 345-349.
92. Masuda, T., K. Kagawa & K. Kanzawa, 1969. Studies on succession cropping of sugar beets. 1. Some observations of host-plant reactions and selection for and inheritance of resistance. Bull Sugarbeet Res Suppl 11: 77-84.
93. Mechelke, W. & J. Kraus, 1998. Ergebnisse von Freilandversuchen mit Zuckerrüben mit transgener Rizomaniaresistenz. Proceedings of the 61th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 351-355.
94. Melchinger, A.E., 1990. Use of molecular markers in breeding for oligogenic disease resistance. Plant Breed 104: 1-19.
95. Mesbah, M., O.E. Scholten, Th.S.M. De Bock & W. Lange, 1997. Chromosome localisation of genes for resistance to Heterodera schachtii, Cercospora beticola and Polymyxa betae using sets of Beta procumbens and B. pattelaris derived monosomic additions in B. vulgaris. Euphytica 97: 117-127.
96. Michelmore, R.W., 1995. Molecular approaches to manipulation of disease resistance genes. Ann Rev Phytopathol 15: 393-427.
97. Michelmore, R.W., I. Paran & R.V. Kesseli, 1991. Identification of markers linked to disease-resistance genes by bulked segregant analysis: A rapid method to detect markers in specific genomic regions by using segregating populations. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 88: 9828-9832.
98. Mindt, G., 1995. Neue Strategien bei der Rizomania-Bekämpfung. Gesunde Pflanzen 47: 241-243.
99. Mutasa, E.S., D.M. Chwarszczynska, M.J. Adams, E. Ward & M.J.C. Asher, 1995. Development of PCR for the detection of Polymyxa betae in sugar beet roots and its application in field studies. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathol 47: 303-313.
100. Mutasa, E.S., E. Ward, M.J. Adams, C.R. Collier, D.M. Chwarszczynska & M.J.C. Asher, 1993. A sensitive DNA probe for the detection of Polymyxa betae in sugar beet roots. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathol 43: 379-390.
101. Newbury, H.J. & B.V. Ford-Lloyd, 1993. The use of RAPD for assessing variation in plants. Plant Growth Regulation 12: 43-51.
102. Paul, H., B. Henken & M.F.J. Alderlieste, 1992a. A greenhouse test for screening sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) for resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). Neth J Plant Pathol 98: 65-75.
103. Paul, H., B. Henken, Th.S.M. De Bock & W. Lange, 1992b. Resistance to Polymyxa betae in Beta species of the section Procumbentes, in hybrids with B. vulgaris and in monosomic chromosome additions of B. procumbens in B. vulgaris. Plant Breed 109: 265-273.
104. Paul, H., B. Henken, O.E. Scholten, Th.S.M. De Bock & W. Lange, 1993a. Variation in the level of infection with Polymyxa betae and its effect on infection with beet necrotic yellow vein virus in beet accessions of the sections Beta and Corollinae. Proceedings of the second symposium of the International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors, Montreal, Canada: 133-136.
105. Paul, H., B. Henken, O.E. Scholten & W. Lange, 1993b. Use of zoospores of Polymyxa betae in screening beet seedlings for resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus. Neth J Plant Pathol 99, Supplement 3: 151-160.
106. Paul, H., F.A. Van Eeuwijk & W. Heijbroek, 1993c. Multiplicative models for cultivar by location interaction in testing sugar beets for resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus. Euphytica 71: 63-74.
107. Pelsy, F., G. Butterlin & D. Merdinoglu, 1995. Molecular marking of a major resistance gene to beet necrotic yellow vein virus by bulked segregant analysis. Proceedings of the 58th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Beaune: 161-162.
108. Pelsy, F. & D. Merdinoglu, 1996. Identification and mapping of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers linked to a rhizomania resistance gene in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) by bulked segregant analysis. Plant Breed 115: 371-377.
109. Peters, D. & A. Godfrey-Veltman, 1989. Polymyxa betae zoospores as vectors of beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus. EPPO Bull 19: 509-515.
110. Pillen, K., G. Steinrücken, R.G. Herrmann & C. Jung, 1993. An extended linkage map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) including nine putative lethal genes and the restorer gene X. Plant Breed 111: 265-272.
111. Pillen, K., G. Steinrücken, G. Wricke, R.G. Herrmann & C. Jung, 1992. A linkage map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Theor Appl Genet 84: 129-135.
112. Prins, M. & R.W. Goldbach, 1996. RNA-mediated virus resistance in transgenic plants. Arch Virol 141: 2259-2276.
113. Putz, C., M. Kuszala & P. Valentin, 1985. Identification methods of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and related viruses in beets. Proceedings of the 48th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Brussels: 391-198.
114. Putz, C., D. Merdinoglu, O. Lemaire, G. Stocky, P. Valentin & S. Wiedemann, 1990. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus, causal agent of sugar beet rhizomania. Disease profile. Rev Plant Pathol 69: 247-253.
115. Richard-Molard, M.S., 1985. Rhizomania: a world-wide danger to sugar beet. Span 28: 92-94.
116. Richards, K.E. & T. Tamada, 1992. Mapping functions on the multipartite genome of beet necrotic yellow vein virus. Annu Rev Phytopathol 30: 291-313.
117. Rysanek, P., G. Stocky, A.M. Haeberlé & C. Putz, 1992. Immunogold labelling of beet necrotic yellow vein virus particles inside its fungal vector, Polymyxa betae K. Agronomie 12: 651-659.
118. Sanford, J.C. & S.A. Johnston, 1985. The concept of pathogen derived resistance. J Theor Biol 113: 395-405.
119. Schäufele, W.R., 1989. Die viröse Wurzelbärtigkeit (Rizomania) der Zuckerrübe - Resistenzzüchtung entschärft ein Problem. Gesunde Pflanzen 41: 129-136.
120. Schlösser, E., 1989. Rhizomania. XI. Weeds as alternate hosts for virus and vector? Mededelingen van de Faculteit der Landbouwwetenschappen van de Rijksuniversiteit Gent 54/2b: 479-484.
121. Scholten, O.E., Th.S.M. De Bock, D.G. Esselink, R.M. Klein-Lankhorst & W. Lange, 1995. Characterisation of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus in Beta accessions. Proceedings of the 58th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Beaune: 155-158.
122. Scholten, O.E., Th.S.M. De Bock, R.M. Klein-Lankhorst & W. Lange, 1999. Inheritance of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus in Beta vulgaris, conferred by a second gene for resistance. Theor Appl Genet 99: 740-746.
123. Scholten, O.E., R.C. Jansen, L.C.P. Keizer, Th.S.M. De Bock & W. Lange, 1996. Major genes for resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in Beta vulgaris. Euphytica 91: 331-339.
124. Scholten, O.E., R.M. Klein-Lankhorst, D.G. Esselink, Th.S.M. De Bock & W. Lange, 1997. Identification and mapping of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to resistance against beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in Beta accessions. Theor Appl Genet 94: 123-130.
125. Scholten, O.E., H. Paul, D. Peters, J.W.M. Van Lent & R.W. Goldbach, 1994. In situ localisation of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in rootlets of susceptible and resistant beet plants. Arch Virol 136: 349-361.
126. Schondelmaier, J., R. Heller, K. Pillen, G. Steinrücken & C. Jung, 1995. A linkage map of sugar beet. Proceedings of the 58th Congress of the IIRB (International Institute for Beet Research), Beaune: 37-45.
127. Schondelmaier, J. & C. Jung, 1997. Chromosomal assignment of the linkage groups of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) using primary trisomies. Theor Appl Genet 95: 590-596.
128. Schondelmaier, J., G. Steinrücken & C. Jung, 1996. Integration of AFLP markers into a linkage map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Plant Breed 115: 231-237.
129. Schumacher, K., J. Schondelmaier, E. Barzen, G. Steinrücken, D. Borchardt, F. Salamini, C. Jung & W.E. Weber, 1997. The combination of different linkage maps in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) into one map. Plant Breed 116: 23-38.
130. Shirako, Y. & M.K. Brakke, 1984. Two purified RNAs of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus are needed for infection. J Gen Virol 65: 119-127.
131. Sikken, G.W., 1990. Biotechnologie bij Vanderhave. Een interview met de heer C. Noome, hoofd research bij Vanderhave. Maandblad Suiker Unie 24: 6-7.
132. Tamada, T., 1975. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses, No. 144, 4 pp.
133. Tamada, T. & H. Abe, 1989. Evidence that beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-4 is essential for efficient transmission by the fungus Polymyxa betae. J Gen Virol 70: 3391-3398.
134. Tamada, T. & T. Baba, 1973. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus from rhizomania-affected sugar beet in Japan. Ann Phytopathol Soc Japan 43: 583-586.
135. Tamada, T., M. Saito, T. Kiguchi & T. Kusume, 1990. Effect of isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus with different RNA components on the development of rhizomania symptoms. In: R. Koenig (Ed.), Proceedings of the First Symposium of the International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors, Braunschweig, pp. 41-44. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.
136. Tamada, T., Y. Shirako, H. Abe, M. Saito, T. Kiguchi & T. Harada, 1989. Production and pathogenicity of isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus with different numbers of RNA components. J Gen Virol 70: 3399-3409.
137. Teakle, D.S., 1983. Zoosporic fungi and viruses. Double trouble. In: S.T. Buczacki (Ed), Zoosporic Plant Pathogens, pp. 233-248. Academic Press, London.
138. Tenning, P., 1995. Genteknik i sockerbeta. Sveriges Utsädeförenings Tidskrift 105: 164-166. Tuitert G., 1990. Assessment of the inoculum potential of Polymyxa betae and beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in soil using the most probable number method. Neth J Plant Pathol 96: 331-341.
139. Tuitert, G., P.M.S. Musters-Van Oorschot & W. Heijbroek, 1994. Effects of sugar beet cultivars with different levels of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus on the transmission of virus by Polymyxa betae. Eur J Plant Pathol 100: 201-220.
140. Uphoff, H. & G. Wricke, 1995. A genetic map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) based on RAPD markers. Plant Breed 114: 355-357.
141. Van Eeuwijk, F.A. & L.C.P Keizer, 1996. Results of IIRB field trials for rhizomania. Report of CPRO-DLO, Wageningen, 12pp.
142. Van Geyt, J.P.C., W. Lange, M. Oleo & Th.S.M. De Bock, 1990. Natural variation within the genus Beta and its possible use for breeding sugar beet: A review. Euphytica 49: 57-76.
143. Vos, P., R. Hogers, M. Bleeker, M. Reijans, T. Van Der Lee, M. Homes, A. Frijters, J. Pot, J. Peleman, M. Kuiper & M. Zabeau, 1995. AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucl Acids Res 23: 4407-4414.
144. th International Congress of Plant Pathology, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1998, no. 1.11.13.
145. Whitney, E.D., 1986. Correlations among greenhouse tests and between field and greenhouse evaluations for beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) resistance in Beta maritima. Phytopathology 76: 1074 (abstract).
146. Whitney, E.D., 1989. Identification, distribution, and testing for resistance to rhizomania in Beta maritima. Plant Disease 73: 287-290.
147. Wilson, T.M.A., 1993. Strategies to protect crop plants against viruses: pathogen-derived resistance blossoms. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 90: 3134-3141.
148. Winner, C., 1988. Terminologische Fragen in der Rizomaniaforschung. Zuckerindustrie 113: 597-600.
149. Zabeau, M. & P. Vos, 1993. Selective restriction fragment amplification: a general method for DNA fingerprinting. European Patent Application, publication no. EP 0534858.