Association between high homocyst(e)ine and ischemic stroke due to large- and small-artery disease but not other etiologic subtypes of ischemic stroke

Stroke

Volumn 31, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 1069-1075

  Eikelboom, John W ^a   Hankey, Graeme J ^b   Anand, Sonia S ^a   Lofthouse, Elizabeth ^b   Staples, Nicole ^b   Baker, Ross I ^b  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b ROYAL PERTH HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Arterial occlusive disease; Homocyst(e)ine; Ischemic risk; Stroke

Indexed keywords

5,10 METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (FADH2); HOMOCYSTEINE; VITAMIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OCCLUSIVE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 0034056466     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.31.5.1069     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for 8 regions of the world: global burden of disease study. Lancet. 1997;349:1269-1276.
2. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: global burden of disease study. Lancet. 1997;349: 1436-1442.
3. Hankey GJ. Stroke: how large a public health problem, and how can the neurologist help? Arch Neurol. 1999;56:748-754.
4. Whisnant JP. Modeling of risk factors for ischemic stroke: the Willis Lecture. Stroke. 1997:28:1839-1843.
5. Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW. Homocysteine and vascular disease. Lancet. 1999;354:407-413.
6. Verhoef P, Hennekens CH, Malinow MR, Kok KJ, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1994;25:1924-1930.
7. Alfthan G, Pekkanen J, Jauhiainen M, Pitkaniemi J, Karvonen M, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT, Ehnholm C. Relation of serum homocysteine and lipoprotein(a) concentrations to atherosclerotic disease in a prospective Finnish population based study. Atherosclerosis. 1994;106:9-19.
8. Markus HS, Nadira A, Swaminathan R. Sankaralingam A, Molloy J, Powell J. A common polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, homocysteine, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 1997;28:1739-1743.
9. Morita H, Kurihara H, Tsubaki S, Sugiyama T, Hamada C, Kurihara Y, Shindo T, Oh-hashi Y, Kitamura K, Yazaki Y. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke in Japanese. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1465-1469.
10. Hatano S. Experience from a multicentre stroke register: a preliminary report Bull World Health Organ. 1976;54:541-553.
11. Warlow CP, Dennis MS, van Gijn J, Hankey GJ, Sandercock PAG, Bamford JM. Stroke: A Practical Guide to Management. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Productions;. 1996.
12. Ubbink JB, Hayward Vermaak WJ, Bissbort S. Rapid high-performance liquid chromatography assay for homocyst(e)ine in human serum. J Chromatogr. 1991;565:441-446.
13. Davis RE, Smith BK, Curnow DH. An automated method for the microbiological assay of serum pyridoxal. J Clin Pathol. 1973;23:232-242.
14. Frosst P, Blom HJ, Milos R, Goyette P, Sheppard CA, Matthews RG, Boers GJ, den Heijer M, Kluijmans LA, van den Heuvel LP, Rozen R. A candidate genetic nsk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nat Genet. 1995;10:111-113.
15. Ludbrook J. Multiple comparison procedures updated. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1998;25:1032-1037.
16. Bots ML, Launer LJ, Lindemans J, Hoes AW, Hofman A, Witteman JC, Koudstaal PJ, Grobbee DE. Homocysteine and short-term risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:38-44.
17. Brattstrom L, Lindgren A, Israelsson B, Malinow MR, Norrving B, Upson B, Hamfelt A. Hyperhomocysteinaemia in stroke: prevalence, cause, and relationships to type of stroke and stroke risk factors. Eur J Clin Invest. 1992;22:214-221.
18. Coull BM, Malinow MR, Beamer N, Sexton G, Nordt F, de Garmo P. Elevated plasma homocyst(e)ine concentration as a possible independent risk factor for stroke. Stroke. 1990;21:572-576.
19. Lindgren A, Brattstrom L, Norrving B, Hultberg B, Anderson A, Johansson BB. Plasma homocysteine in the acute and convalescent phases after stroke. Stroke. 1995;26:795-800.
20. Malinow MR, Nieto J, Szklo M, Chambles LE, Bond G. Carotid artery intimal-medial wall thickening and plasma homocyst(e)ine in asymptomatic adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Circulation. 1993;87:1107-1113.
21. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Schoenfeld MR. Association between plasma homocysteine and extracranial carotid arterial disease in older persons. Am J Cardiol. 1997;149:1432-1433.
22. Selhub J, Jacques PF, Bostom AG, D'Agostino RB, Wilson PW, Belanger AJ, O'Leary DH, Wolf PA, Schaefer EJ, Rosenberg IH. Association between plasma homocysteine concentrations and extracranial carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:286-291.
23. Spence JD, Malinow MR, Barnett PH, Marian AJ, Freeman D, Hegele RA. Plasma homocyst(e)ine concentration, but not MTHFR genotype, is associated with variation in carotid plaque area. Stroke. 1999;30: 969-973.
24. Bamford JM, Warlow CP. Evolution and testing of the lacunar hypothesis. Stroke. 1988;19:1071-1082.
25. Fassbender K, Mielke O, Bertsch T, Nafe B, Froschen S, Hennerici M. Homocysteine in cerebral macroangiography and microangiopathy. Lancet. 1999;353:1586-1587.
26. Brattstrom L, Wilcken DE, Ohrvik J, Brudin L. Common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation leads to hyperhomocysteinemia but not to vascular disease: the result of a meta-analysis. Circulation. 1998;98:2520-2526.
27. van der Put NM, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Frosst P, Trijbels FJ, Eskes TK, van den Heuvel LP, Mariman EC, den Heyer M, Rozed R, Blom HJ. Mutated methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase as a risk factor for spina bifida. Lancet. 1995;346:1070-1071.
28. Molloy AM, Daly S, Mills JL, Kirke PN, Whitehead AS, Ramsbottom D, Conley MR, Weir DG, Scott JM. Thermolabile variant of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase associated with low red-cell folates: implications for folate intake recommendations. Lancet. 1997; 349:1591-1593.
29. Bagley PJ, Selhub J. A common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is associated with an accumulation of formylated tetrahydrofolates in red blood cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95: 13217-13220.
30. Molloy AM, Mills JL, Kirke PN, Whitehead AS, Weir DG, Scott JM. Whole-blood folate values in subjects with different methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotypes: differences between the radioassay and microbiological assays. Clin Chem. 1998;44:186-188.
31. Robinson K, Arheart K, Refsum H, Brattstrom L, Boers G, Ueland P, Rubba P, Palma-Reis R, Meleady R, Daly L, Witteman J, Graham I, for the European COMAC Group. Low circulating folate and vitamin B6 concentrations: risk factors for stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1998;97:437-443.
32. Verhoef P, Stampfer MJ, Buring JE, Gaziano JM, Allen RH, Stabler SP, Reynolds RD, Kok FJ, Hennekens CH, Willet WC. Homocysteine metabolism and risk of myocardial infarction: relation with vitamins B6, B12 and folate. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:845-859.
33. Clarke R, Collins R. Can dietary supplements with folic acid or vitamin B6 reduce cardiovascular risk? Design of clinical trials to test the homocysteine hypothesis of vascular disease. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1998;5: 249-255.