Life events can trigger depressive exacerbation in the early course of schizophrenia

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Volumn 109, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 139-144

  Ventura, Joseph ^a   Nuechterlein, Keith H ^a   Subotnik, Kenneth L ^a   Hardesty, Jean Pederson ^a   Mintz, Jim ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTPATIENT; PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOIDISM; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; STRESS;

EID: 0034056375     PISSN: 0021843X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.109.1.139     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Birchwood, M., Mason, R., MacMillan, F., & Healy, J. (1993). Depression, demoralization and control over psychotic illness: A comparison of depressed and non-depressed patients with a chronic psychosis. Psychological Medicine, 23, 387-395.
3. Bleuler, E. (1987). The prognosis of dementia praecox: The group of schizophrenias. In J. Cutting & M. Shepherd (Eds.), The clinical roots of the schizophrenia concept (pp. 59-74). London: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published in German in 1908)
4. Brown, G. W., & Birley, J. L. T. (1968). Crisis and life change and the onset of schizophrenia. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 9, 203-214.
5. Brown, G. W., Harris, R. O., & Hepworth, C. (1994). Life events and endogenous depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 525-534.
6. Brown, G. W., & Harris, T. (1978). Social origins of depression. New York: Free Press.
7. Chintalapudi, M., Kulhara, P., & Avasthi, A. (1993). Post-psychotic depression in schizophrenia. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 243, 103-108.
8. Day, R. (1981). Life events and schizophrenia: The "triggering" hypothesis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 64, 97-122.
9. Day, R., Nielsen, J. A., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Dube, K. C., Gebhart, J., Jablensky, A., Leon, C., Marsella, A., Olatawura, M., Sartorius, N., Strömgren, E., Takahashi, R., Wig, N., & Wynne, L. C. (1987). Stressful life events preceding the acute onset of schizophrenia: A cross-national study from the World Health Organization. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 11, 123-205.
10. Dohrenwend, B. S., Krasnoff, L., Askenasy, A. R., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1978). Exemplification of a method for scaling life events: The PERI Life Events Scale. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 205-229.
11. Dollfus, S., Petit, M., & Menard, J. F. (1993). Relationship between depressive and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 28, 61-69.
12. Endicott, J., & Spitzer, R. L. (1978). A diagnostic interview: The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 837-844.
13. Green, M. F., Nuechterlein, K. H., Ventura, J., & Mintz, J. (1990). The temporal relationship between depressive and psychotic symptoms in recent-onset schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 179-182.
14. Harrow, M., Yonan, C. A., Sands, J. R., & Marengo, J. (1994). Depression in schizophrenia: Are neuroleptics, akinesia, or anhedonia involved? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20, 327-338.
15. Hirsch, S. R. (1982). Depression "revealed" in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 421-423.
16. Hirsch, S. R., Jolley, A., & Barnes, T. (1990). Are depressive symptoms part of the schizophrenic syndrome? In L. E. DeLisi (Ed.), Depression in schizophrenia (pp. 25-37). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
17. Hollingshead, A. B. (1957). Two Factor Index of Social Position. New Haven, CT: Yale University. (Available from August B. Hollingshead, Department of Sociology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208265, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8265)
18. House, A., Bostock, J., & Cooper, J. (1987). Depressive syndromes in the year following onset of a first schizophrenic illness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 773-779.
19. Kendler, K. S., & Hayes, P. (1983). Schizophrenia subdivided by the family history of affective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 951-955.
20. Koreen, A. R., Siris, S. G., Chakos, M., Alvir, J., Mayerhoff, D., & Lieberman, J. (1993). Depression in first-episode schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1643-1648.
21. Kraepelin, E. (1987). Dementia praecox. In J. Cutting & M. Shepherd (Eds.), The clinical roots of the schizophrenia concept (pp. 13-24). London: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published in German in 1896)
22. McGlashan, T. H., & Carpenter, W. T. (1976). Postpsychotic depression in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 231-239.
23. Nuechterlein, K. H., & Dawson, M. E. (1984). A heuristic vulnerability/stress model of schizophrenic episodes. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 10, 300-312.
24. Nuechterlein, K. H., Dawson, M. E., Gitlin, M., Ventura, J., Goldstein, M. J., Snyder, K. S., Yee, C. M., & Mintz, J. (1992). Developmental processes in schizophrenic disorders: Longitudinal studies of vulnerability and stress. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 18, 387-425.
25. Nuechterlein, K. H., Miklowitz, D., Ventura, J., Gitlin, M., Stoddard, M., & Lukoff, D. (1998). Classifying episodic outcome in schizophrenia and bipolar mood disorder: Criteria for categorization applied to recent-onset samples. Submitted for publication.
26. Post, R. M. (1992). Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 999-1010.
27. Roy, A. (1980). Depression in chronic paranoid schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 138-139.
28. Roy, A., Thompson, R., & Kennedy, S. (1983). Depression in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 465-470.
29. Shrout, P. E., Link, B. G., Dohrenwend, B. P., Skodol, A. E., Stueve, A., & Mirotznik, J. (1989). Characterizing life events as risk factors for depression: The role of fateful loss events. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 460-467.
30. Siris, S. G. (1994). Assessment and treatment of depression in schizophrenia. Psychiatric Annals, 24, 463-467.
31. Siris, S. G., Strahan, A., Mandeli, J., Cooper, T. B., & Casey, E. (1988). Fluphenazine decanoate dose and severity of depression in patients with post-psychotic depression. Schizophrenia Research, 1, 31-35.
32. Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., & Robins, E. (1978). Research Diagnostic Criteria: Rationale and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 773-782.
33. Subotnik, K. L., Nuechterlein, K. H., Asarnow, R. F., Fogelson, D. L., Goldstein, M. J., & Talovic, S. A. (1997). Depressive symptoms in the early course of schizophrenia: Relationship to familial psychiatric illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1551-1556.
34. Van Putten, T., & May, P. R. (1978). 'Akinetic depression' in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 1101-1107.
35. Van Putten, T., May, P. R. A., & Marder, S. R. (1984). Akathisia with haloperidol and thiothixene. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 1036-1039.
36. Ventura, J., Green, M., Shaner, A., & Liberman, R. P. (1993). Training and quality assurance on the BPRS: "The drift busters." International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 3, 221-244.
37. Ventura, J., Lukoff, D., Nuechterlein, K. H., Liberman, R. P., Green, M., & Shaner, A. (1993). Appendix I: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Expanded Version (4.0) - Scales, anchor points and administration manual. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 3, 227-244.
38. Ventura, J., Nuechterlein, K. H., Hardesty, J., & Gitlin, M. J. (1992). Life events and schizophrenic relapse during medication withdrawal. British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 615-620.
39. Ventura, J., Nuechterlein, K. H., Lukoff, D., & Hardesty, J. P. (1989). A prospective study of stressful life events and schizophrenic relapse. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 407-411.
40. Ventura, J., Nuechterlein, K. H., Subotnik, K. L., Gutkind, D., & Gilbert, E. (1999). Symptom dimensions in recent-onset schizophrenia: The 24-item BPRS. Submitted for publication.
41. Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E., & Sartorius, N. (1974). The measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms: An instruction manual for the PSE and Catego Program. London: Cambridge University Press.
42. Zubin, J., & Spring, B. (1977). Vulnerability - a new view of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 103-126.