Analysis of spherical aberration of a water immersion objective: Application to specimens with refractive indices 1.33-1.40

Journal of Microscopy

Volumn 197, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 274-284

  Wan, Der Shen ^a,c   Rajadhyaksha, M ^a,b   Webb, R H ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b Lucid Inc   (United States)

^c New Dimension Res Instrum Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Confocal microscopy; Cover slip; Image; Immersion medium; Interferometry; Microscopy; Spherical aberration; Water immersion objective

Indexed keywords

ABERRATIONS; ASPHERICS; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; INTERFEROMETRY; SPHERES;

CONDITION; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES; COVER SLIP; IMAGE; IMMERSION MEDIUM; IMMERSION OBJECTIVE; SPHERICAL ABERRATIONS; THEORETICAL MODELING; WATER IMMERSION; WATER IMMERSION OBJECTIVE;

REFRACTIVE INDEX;

ARTICLE; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; IMMERSION; INTERFEROMETRY; LIGHT REFRACTION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; OPTICAL RESOLUTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFRACTION INDEX; WATER IMMERSION;

EID: 0034054034     PISSN: 00222720     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2000.00635.x     Document Type: Article

References (11)

1. Freniere, E.R., Toler, O.E. & Race, R. (1981) Interferogram evaluation program for the HP-9825A calculator. Opt. Eng. 20, 253-255.
2. Greivenkamp, J.E. & Bruning, J.H. (1992) Phase shifting interferometry. Optical Shop Testing (ed. D. Malacara), pp. 501-598. Wiley, New York.
3. Hell, S., Reiner, G., Cremer, C. & Steltzer, E.H.K. (1993) Aberration in confocal fluorescence microscopy induced by mismatches in refractive index. J. Microsc, 169, 391-405.
4. Keller, H.E. (1995) Objective lenses for confocal microscopy. Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy (ed. J. B. Pawley), pp. 115-116. Plenum Press, New York.
5. Laikin, M. (1995) Lens Design. Marcel Dekker, New York.
6. Rajadhyaksha, M., Grossman, M., Esterwitz, D., Webb, R.H. & Anderson, R.H. (1995) In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin: melanin provides strong contrast. J. Invest. Dermatol. 104, 946-952.
7. Sheppard, C.J.R. & Gu, M. (1992) Axial imaging through an aberrating layer of water in confocal microscopy. Opt. Commun. 88, 180-190.
8. Sheppard, C.J.R. & Török, P. (1996) Effects of specimen refractive index on confocal imaging. J. Microsc. 185, 366-374.
9. Smith, W. (1991) Modern Optical Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York.
10. Tearney, G.J., Brezinski, M.E., Southern, J.F., Bouma, B.E., Hee, M.R. & Fujimoto, J.G. (1995) Determination of the refractive index of highly scattering human tissue by optical coherence tomography. Opt. Lett. 20, 2258-2260.
11. Webb, R.H. (1996) Confocal optical microscopy. Rep. Prog. Phys. 59, 427-471.