Activation of synoviocytes

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 186-194

  Müller Ladner, Ulf ^a,b   Gay, Renate E ^b   Gay, Steffen ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF REGENSBURG   (Germany)

^b WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE;

CELL ACTIVATION; CELL INTERACTION; FIBROBLAST; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; JOINT DESTRUCTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYNOVIOCYTE;

ANIMALS; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; CELL COMMUNICATION; CYTOKINES; HUMANS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE; UP-REGULATION;

EID: 0034050781     PISSN: 10408711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002281-200005000-00005     Document Type: Review

References (83)

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2. 2 Firestein GS, Manning AM: Signal transduction and transcription factors in rheumatic disease. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:609-621. This review provides an excellent summary explaining the different signaling pathways operative in rheumatoid synovium.
3. 3 Takeuchi T, Abe T: Tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in synovial cells of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Rev Immunol 1998, 17:365-381.
4. 4 Müller-Ladner U, Judex M, Jüsten H-P, Wessinghage D, Welsh J, McClelland M, Gay S, Schölmerich J, Kullmann F: Analysis of gene expression patterns in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts using RAP-PCR for differential display. Med Klin 1999, 94:228-232.
5. 5 Nagashima M, Yoshino S, Aono H, Takai M, Sasano M: Inhibitory effects of anti-rheumatic drugs on vascular endothelial growth factor in cultured rheumatoid synovial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1999, 116:360-365.
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7. 7 Alsalameh S, Winter K, Al-Ward R, Wendler J, Kalden JR, Kinne W: Distribution of TNF-α, TNF-R55 and TNF-R75 in the rheumatoid synovial membrane: TNF receptors are localized preferentially in the lining layer; TNF-α is distributed mainly in the vicinity of TNF receptors in the deeper layers. Scand J Immunol 1999, 49:278-285. Important paper showing the different distribution of TNF receptors p55 and p75 in RA snovium, which may become important when one of the two is targeted specifically by anti-TNF strategies.
8. 8 Franz JK, Pap T, Müller-Ladner U, Gay RE, Burmester GR, Gay S: T cell independent joint destruction. In Progress in inflammation research, Vol. T cells in arthritis. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag; 1998: 55-74
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17. 17 Harada S, Yamamura M, Okamoto H, Morita Y, Kawashima M, Aita T, Makino H: Production of interleukin-7 and interleukin-15 by fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:1508-1516. The authors demonstrate that synovial fibroblasts and macrophages may be involved in T cell activation by production of IL-7 and IL-15.
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22. 22 Schädlich H, Ermann J, Biskop M, Falk W, Sperling F, Jüngel A, Lehmann J, Emmrich F, Sack U: Anti-inflammatory effects of systemic anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatment in human/murine SCID arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1999, 58:428-434. This report underlines both the value of the SCID mouse model for RA and the ameliorating effect of anti-TNFα therapy on development of arthritis. Interestingly, effect on articular erosions was less intensive than on inflammation.
23. 23 McComb J, Gould T, Chlipala E, Sennelo G, Frazier J, Kieft G, Seely J, Edwards CK III, Bendele A: Antiarthritic activity of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I forms in adjuvant arthritis: correlation of plasma levels with efficacy. J Rheumatol 1999, 26:1347-1351.
24. 24 Proudman SM, Cleland LG, Mayrhofer G: Effects of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β, and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells on the expression of adhesion molecules and recruitment of leukocytes in rheumatoid synovial xenografts in SCID mice. J Rheumatol 1999, 26:1877-1889. The article specifically presents details on the effect of TNF-α on expression of adhesion molecules in the SCID mouse model.
25. 25 Harigai M, Hara M, Nakazawa S, Fukasawa C, Ohta S, Sugiura T, Inoue K, Kashiwazaki S: Ligation of CD40 induced tumor necrosis factor-α in rheumatoid arthritis: a novel mechanism of activation of synoviocytes. J Rheumatol 1999, 26:1035-1043. This article underlines the importance of CD40-positive T cells on activation of synovial fibroblasts, especially on TNFα synthesis.
26. 26 Dawson J, Engelhardt P, Kastelic T, Cheneval D, MacKenzie A, Ramage P: Effects of soluble interleukin-1 type II receptor on rabbit antigen-induced arthritis: clinical, biochemical and histological assessment. Rheumatology 1999, 38:401-406.
27. 27 Müller-Ladner U, Evans CH, Franklin BN, Roberts CR, Gay RE, Robbins PD, Gay S: Gene transfer of cytokine inhibitors into human synovial fibroblasts in the SCID mouse model. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:490-497. The authors describe in detail the effects of retrovirus-based gene therapy on cartilage destruction in the SCID mouse model for RA by investigating different cytokine inhibitors.
28. 28 Smeets TJM, Kraan MC, Versendaal J, Breedveld FC, Tak PP: Analysis of serial synovial biopsies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: description of a control group without clinical improvement after treatment with interleukin-10 or placebo. J Rheumatol 1999, 26:2089-2093. This article addresses specifically the outcome and the problems of (short-term) IL-10 therapy in human RA.
29. 29 Bendele A, Sennello G, McAbee T, Frazier J, Chlipala E, Rich B: Effects of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist alone and in combination with methotrexate in adjuvant arthritic rats. J Rheumatol 1999, 26:1255-1229. This report highlights the value of IL-1Ra in future RA therapeutic strategies, especially when combined with antiproliferative immunosuppressants such as methotrexate.
30. 30 Kawakami M, Suzuki K, Matsuki Y, Ishizuka T, Hidaka T, Konishi T, Matsumoto M, Kataharada K: Hyaluronan production in human rheumatoid fibroblastic synovial lining cells is increased by interleukin 1β but inhibited by transforming growth factor β1. Ann Rheum Dis 1998, 57:602-605.
31. 31 Miyazawa K, Mori A, Okudaira H: Regulation of interleukin-1β-induced interleukin-6 gene expression in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes by glucocorticoids. J Biochem 1998, 124:1130-1137.
32. 32 Mihara M, Moriya Y, Kishimoto T, Ohsugi Y: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces the proliferation of synovial fibroblastic cells in the presence of soluble IL-6 receptor. Br J Rheumatol 1995, 34:321-325.
33. 33 Sasai M, Saeki Y, Oshima S, Nishioka K, Mima T, Tanaka T, Katada Y, Yoshizaki K, Suemura M, Kishimoto T: Delayed onset and reduced severity of collagen-induced arthritis in interleukin-6-deficient mice. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:1635-1643.
34. 34 Tagaki N, Mihara M, Moriya Y, Nishimoto N, Yoshizaki K, Kishimoto T, Takeda Y, Ohsugi Y: Blockade of interleukin-6 receptor ameliorates joint disease in in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998, 41:2117-2121.
35. 35 Yoshida S, Katoh T, Tetsuka T, Uno K, Matsui N, Okamoto T: Involvement of thioredoxin in rheumatoid arthritis: its costimulatory roles in the TNF-α-induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 from cultured synovial fibroblasts. J Immunol 1999, 163:351-358. Interesting article, showing the effects of thioredoxin on intracellular signaling molecules and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines.
36. 36 Maurice MM, Nakamura H, Gringhus S, Okamoto T, Yoshida S, Kullmann F, Lechner S, van der Voort EAM, Leow A, Versendaal J, Müller-Ladner U, Yodoi J, Tak PP, Breedveld FC, Verweij CL: Expression of the thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system in the inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:2430-2439. This report outlines the potential role of the thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system in RA pathophysiology.
37. 37 Yoshida S, Kato T, Sakurada S, Kurono C, Yang JP, Matsui N, Soji T, Okamoto T: Inhibition of IL-6 and IL-8 induction from cultured rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts by treatment with aurothioglucose. Int Immunol 1999, 11:151-158 Although gold compounds are currently used less frequently than in former decades, their effects, as shown by the authors, are based on distinct alterations in cytokine expression.
38. 38 Asamitsu K, Sakurada S, Mashiba K, Nagakawa K, Torikai K, Onozaki K, Okamoto T: Alteration of the cellular response to interleukin-1α by SV40 large T antigen in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Arch Virol 1999, 144:317-327.
39. 39 Miyazawa K, Mori A, Okudaira H: Establishment and characterization of a novel human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte line, MH7A, immortalized with SV40T antigen. J Biochem 1998, 1 24:1153-1162. Important article that demonstrates the effects of viral antigen-based transformation on synovial fibroblasts, including MAP kinase modulated stromelysin production.
40. 40 Crofford LJ: COX-2 in synovial tissues. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1999, 7:406-408.
41. 41 Di Battista JA, Zhang M, Martel-Pelletier J, Fernandes J, Alaaeddine N, Pelletier JP: Enhancement of phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor in human synovial fibroblasts by nimesulide, a preferential cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:157-166. This excellent report sheds light on key regulatory pathways involved in cox-2 expression.
42. 42 Nagafuchi H, Suzuki N, Kaneko A, Asai T: Sakane T: Prolactin locally produced by synovium infiltrating T lymphocytes induces excessive synovial cell functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1999, 26:1890-1900.
43. 43 Kobayashi T, Okamoto K, Kobata T, Hasunuma T, Sumida T, Nishioka K: Tumor necrosis factor α regulation of the Fas-mediated apoptosis-signaling pathway in synovial cells. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:519-526. The authors show that TNFα both induces proliferation of synovial fibroblasts and facilitates cytotoxicity of anti-Fas antibodies.
44. 44 Kawakami A, Nakashima T, Sakai H, Hida A, Urayama S, Yamasaki S, Nakamura H, Ida H, Ichinose Y, Aoyagi T, Furuici I, Nakashima M, Migita K, Kawabe Y, Eguchi K: Regulation of synovial cell apoptosis by proteasome inhibitor. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:2440-2448. This article contributes to the understanding of synovial fibroblast apoptosis modulated by proteasomes and caspases.
45. 45 Aicher WK, Peter HH, Eibel H: Human synovial fibroblasts are resistant to anti-CD95 (Fas) induced apotosis. Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:S75.
46. 46 Franz JK, Pap T, Hummel KM, Nawrath M, Aicher WK, Shigeyama Y, Müller-Ladner U, Gay RE, Gay S: Expression of sentrin, a novel anti-apoptotic molecules at sites of synovial invasion in rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis Rheum, in press.
47. 47 Hashiramoto A, Sano H, Maekawa T, Kawahito Y, Kimura S, Kusaka Y, Wilder RL, Kato H, Kondo M, Nakajima H: C-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides can induce apoptosis and down-regulate Fas expression in rheumatoid synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:954-962. The authors demonstrate that key apoptosis pathways of RA synovial fibroblasts can be inhibited by anti-proto-oncogene antisense strategies.
48. 48 Borghaei RC, Sullivan C, Mochan E: Identification of a cytokine-induced repressor of interleukin-1 stimulated expression of stromelysin 1 (MMP-3). J Biol Chem 1999, 274:2126-2131.
49. 49 Miyazawa K, Mori A, Okudaira H: IL-6 synthesis by rheumatoid synoviocytes is autonomously upregulated at the transcriptional level. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999, 103:S437-444.
50. 50 Perl A: Mechanisms of viral pathogenesis in rheumatic disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1999, 58:454-461. In this concise review, the author outlines the current knowledge of viruses in the pathophysiology of different rheumatic diseases, including arthritides, in detail.
51. 51 Müller-Ladner U, Gay RE, Gay S: Retroviral sequences in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Int Rev Immunol 1998, 17:273-290.
52. 52 Griffiths DJ, Cooke SP, Hervé C, Rigby SP, Mallon E, Hajeer A, Lock M, Emery V, Taylor P, Pantelidis P, Bunker CB, du Bois R, Weiss RA, Venables PJW. Detection of human retrovirus 5 in patients with arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:448-454.
53. 53 Habu K, Nakayama-Yamada J, Asano M, Saijo S, Itagaki K, Horai R, Yamamoto H, Sekiguchi T, Nosaka T, Hatanaka M, Iwakura Y: The human T cell leukemia virus type 1-tax gene is responsible for the development of both inflammatory polyarthropathy resembling rheumatoid arthritis and noninflammatory ankylotic arthropathy in transgenic mice. J Immunol 1999, 162:2956-2963. The authors describe important pathways of a tax-induced RA-like disease in transgenic mice.
54. 54 Khoa ND, Hasunuma T, Kobata T, Kato T, Nishioka K: Expression of murine HOXD9 during embryonic joint patterning and in human T lymphotropic virus type 1 TAX transgenic mice with arthropathy resembling rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:686-696. Interesting paper, showing that distinct mechanisms involved in tax-induced polyarthritis are regulated by homebox genes.
55. 55 Aicher WK, Dinkel A, Grimbacher B, Haas C, Seydlitz-Kurzbach EV, Peter HH, Eibel H: Serum response elements activate and cAMP responsive elements inhibit expression of transcription factor Egr-1 in synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int Immunol 1999, 11:47-61. The article highlights important regulatory mechanisms involved in expression of transcription factor egr-1.
56. 56 Aicher WK, Sakamoto KM, Hack A, Eibel H: Analysis of functional elements in the human Egr-1 gene promoter. Rheumatol Int 1999, 18:207-214.
57. 57 Tak PP, Smeets TJM, Boyle DL, Kraan MC, Shi Y, Zhuang S, Zvaifler NJ, Breedveld FC, Firestein GS: p53 overexpression in synovial tissue from patients with early and longstanding rheumatoid arthritis compared with patients with reactive arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:948-953. Because p53 is hypothesized to be one of the central molecules involved in regulation of apotosis and/or proliferation of synovial cells, this article contributes to the understanding of p53 expression in different arthritides.
58. 58 Muller-Ladner U, Widmann T, Kirner A, Dietmaier W, Judex M, Jüsten H-P, Rüschoff J, Wessinghage D, Gay S, Schölmerich J, Kullmann F: Microsatellite analysis in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Ann Rheum Dis, in press.
59. 59 Han Z, Boyle DL, Shi Y, Green DR, Firestein GS: Dominant negative p53 mutations in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:1088-1092. Interesting article, clearly demonstrating that in fibroblasts dominant-negative mutations within the p53 gene can suppress wild-type p53.
60. 60 Kullmann F, Judex M, Neudecker I, Lechner S, Jüsten H-P, Green DR, Wessinghage D, Firestein GS, Gay S, Schölmerich J, Müller-Ladner U: Analysis of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:1594-1600. This article sheds light on the presence and frequency of mutations within the p53 gene in RA synovial fibroblasts in different patient populations.
61. 61 Sun Y, Sun Y, Wenger L, Rutter JL, Brinckerhoff CE, Cheung HS: p53 down-regulates human matrix metalloproteinase-1 (collagenase-1) gene expression. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:11535-11540. The data show that p53 is involved in crucial pathways of joint destruction.
62. 62 Taniguchi K, Kohsaka H, Inoue N, Terada Y, Ito H, Hirokawa K, Niyasaka N: Induction of the p16INK4a senescence gene as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature Med 1999, 5:760-767. Induction of senescence genes might be an attractive novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of RA.
63. 63 Oka H, Boyle DL, Jacobs J, Firestein GS: Rb1 and p73 expression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:S248.
64. 64 Pap T, Franz JK, Hummel KM, Jeisy F, Gay RE, Gay S: Activation of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis: lack of expression of the tumour suppressor PTEN at sites of invasive growth and destruction. Arthritis Res 2000, 2:59-64.
65. 65 Kullmann F, Judex M, Ballhorn W, Jüsten H-P, Wessinghage D, Yen T, Welsh J, Lang B, McClelland M, Gay S, Schölmerich J, Müller-Ladner U: Kinesin-like protein CENP-E is upregulated in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Res 1999, 1:71-80. This article demonstrates the potential of gene analysis using modern molecular biology techniques for the identification of genes specifically upregulated in RA.
66. 66 Pope RM, Lovis R, Mungre S, Perlman H, Koch AE, Haines GK 3rd: C/EBP-β in rheumatoid arthritis: correlation with inflammation, not disease specificity. Clin Immunol 1999, 91:271-282.
67. 67 Aupperfe KR, Bennett BL, Boyle DL, Tak PP, Manning AM, Firestein GS: NF-κB regulation by 1KB kinase in primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes. J Immunol 1999, 163:427-433. Detailed analysis of modulation of NF-κB expression by its natural inhibitor I-κB, its regulating kinases and proinflammatory cytokines.
68. 68 Shin H, Kitajama I, Nakajima T, Shao Q, Tokioka T, Takasaki I, Hanyu N, Kubo T, Maruyama I: Thrombin receptor mediated signals induce expressions of interleukin-6 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor via NF-κB activation in synovial fibroblasts. Ann Rheum Dis 1999, 58:55-60.
69. 69 Bond M, Baker AH, Newby AC: NF-κB activity is essential for matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 upregulation in rabbit dermal fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999, 264:561-567.
70. 70 Miagkov AV, Kovalenko DV, Brown CE, Didsbury JR, Cogswell JP, Stimpson SA, Baldwin AS, Makarov SS: NF-κB activation provides the potential link between inflammation and hyperplasia in the arthritic joint. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1998, 95:13859-13864. Interesting report, showing that the function of NF-κB is not limited to "joint-harming" pathways.
71. 71 Berse B, Hunt JA, Diegel RJ, Morganelli P, Yeo K, Brown F, Fava RA: Hypoxia augments cytokine (transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and IL-1)-induced vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by human synovial fibroblasts. Clin Exp Immunol 1999, 115:176-182.
72. 72 Neidhart M, Wehrli R, Brühlmann P, Michel BA, Gay RE, Gay S. Synovial fluid CD146 (MUC18), a marker for synovial membrane angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:622-630. The authors present a novel marker for angiogenesis in rheumatoid synovium.
73. 73 Cunnane G, FitzGerald O, Hummel KM, Gay RE, Gay S, Bresnihan B: Collagenase, cathepsin B and cathepsin L gene expression in the synovial membrane of patients with early inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology 1999, 38:34-42. This article shows impressively that matrix-degrading enzymes are expressed in considerable amounts even in early stages of the disease.
74. 74 Konttinen YT, Ceponis A, Takagi M, Ainola M, Sorsa T, Sutinen M, Salo T, Ma J, Santavirta S, Seiki M: New collagenolytic enzymes/cascade identified at the pannus-hard tissue junction in rheumatoid arthritis: destruction from above. Matrix Biol 1999, 17:585-601.
75. 75 Konttinen YT, Ainola M, Valleala H, Ma J, Ida H, Mandelin J, Kinne RW, Santavirta S, Sorsa T, López-Otin C, Tagaki: Analysis of 16 different matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 to MMP-20) in the synovial membrane: different profiles in trauma and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1999, 58:691-697.
76. 76 Vincenti MP, Coon CI, Brinckerhoff CE: NFκB/p50 activates an element in the distal matrix metalloproteinase 1 promoter in interleukin-1β stimulated synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum 1998, 41:1987-1994. This article demonstrates that IL-1 induced activation is restricted to distinct gene segments within the MMP-1 promoter.
77. 77 Schulze-Westhoff C, Freudiger D, Petrow P, Seyfert C, Zacher J, Kriegsmann J, Pap T, Gay S, Stiehl P, Gromnica-Ihie E, Wernicke D: Characterization of collagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) messenger RNA expression in the synovial membrane and synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:1517-1527.
78. 78 Konttinen YT, Salo T, Hanemaaijer R, Valleala H, Sorsa T, Sutinen M, Ceponis A, Xu JW, Santavirta S, Teronen O, López-Otin C: Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) and its activators in rheumatoid arthritis: localization in the pannus-hard tissue junction and inhibition by alendronate. Matrix Biol 1999, 18:401-412.
79. 79 Ray A, Schatten H, Ray BK: Activation of Sp1 and its functional co-operation with serum amyloid A-activating sequence binding factor in synoviocyte cells trigger synergistic action of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 in serum amyloid A gene expression. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:4300-4308.
80. 80 Moriguchi M, Terai C, Koseki Y, Uesato M, Nakajima A, Inada S, Nishinarita M, Uchida S, Nakajima A, Kim SY, Chen CL, Kamatani N: Influence of genotypes SAA1 and SAA2 loci on the development and the length of latent period of secondary AA-amyloidosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Genet 1999, 105:360-366.
81. 81 Hisakawa N, Nishiya K, Tahara K, Matsumori A, Hashimoto K: Down regulation by iron of prostaglandin E2 production by human synovial fibroblasts. Ann Rheum Dis 1998, 57:742-746.
82. 82 Liagre B, Vergne P, Rigaud M, Beneytout J-L: Arachidonate 15-lipoxgenase of reticulocyte-type in human rheumatoid arthritis type B synoviocytes and modulation of its activity by proinflammatory cytokines. J Rheumatol 1999, 26:1044-1051.
83. 83 Mino T, Sugiyama E, Taki H, Kuroda A, Yamashita N, Maruyama M, Kobayashi M: Interleukin-1α and tumor necrosis factor-α synergistically stimulate prostaglandin E2-dependent production of interleukin-11 in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum 1998, 41:2004-2013.