Severe leukopenia and liver necrosis in young African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) infected with psittacine circovirus

Avian Diseases

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 470-478

  Schoemaker, N J ^a   Dorrestein, G M ^a   Latimer, K S ^b   Lumeij, J T ^a   Kik, M J L ^a   Van Der Hage, M H ^a   Campagnoli, R P ^b  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Anemia; Leukopenia; Liver necrosis; Pancytopenia; PBFD virus; Psittacine beak and feather disease

Indexed keywords

ANEMIA; CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI; CIRCOVIRIDAE; DISEASE DETECTION; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LEUKOPENIA; LIVER NECROSIS; PANCYTOPENIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PSITTACUS ERITHACUS; SALMONELLA; VIRUS INFECTION;

AVES; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BEAK AND FEATHER DISEASE VIRUS; CHLAMYDIA; CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI; CIRCOVIRIDAE; CIRCOVIRUS; ERITHACUS; FABRICIUS; POLYOMAVIRUS; PSITTACIDAE; PSITTACIFORMES; PSITTACUS ERITHACUS; SALMONELLA; SALMONELLA SP.;

EID: 0034049766     PISSN: 00052086     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1592565     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Clipsham, R. Degenerative anemia in African greys. J. Assoc. Avian Vet. 3(2):73. 1989.
2. Dahlhausen, R., and S. Radabaugh. Update on psittacine beak and feather disease and avian polyomavirus testing. In: Proc. Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians, pp. 5-7. 1993.
3. Fudge, A. M. Avian clinical pathology - hematology and chemistry. In: Avian medicine and surgery. R. B. Altman, S. L. Clubb, G. M. Dorrestein, and K. Quesenberry, eds. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. pp: 142-157. 1996.
4. Gerlach, H. Viruses. In: Avian medicine: principles and application. B. W. Ritchie, G. J. Harrison, and L. R. Harrison, eds. Wingers Publishing, Lake Worth, FL. pp. 862-948. 1994.
5. Jacobson, E. R., S. L. Clubb, C. Simpson, M. Walsh, C. D. Lothrop, J. Gaskin, J. Bauer, S. Hines, G. V. Kolias, P. Poulos, and G. J. Harrison. Feather and beak dystrophy and necrosis in cockatoos: clinicopathologic evaluations. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 189(9):999-1005. 1986.
6. Lane, R. A., W. J. Rosskopf, and K. L. Allen. Avian pediatric hematology: preliminary studies of the transition from the neonatal hemogram to the adult hemogram in select psittacine species: African greys, amazons, and macaws. In: Proc. Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians. pp. 231-238. 1988.
7. Latimer, K. S., F. D. Niagro, R. P. Campagnoli, B. W. Ritchie, D. A. Pesti, and W. L. Steffens III. Diagnosis of concurrent avian polyomavirus and psittacine beak and feather disease virus infections using DNA probes. J. Assoc. Avian Vet. 7:41-146. 1993.
8. Latimer, K. S., P. M. Rakich, I. M. Kircher, B. W. Ritchie, F. D. Niagro, W. L. Steffens III, and P. D. Lukert. Extracutaneous viral inclusions in psittacine beak and feather disease. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 2:204-207. 1990.
9. Lumeij, J. T. Diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. In: A contribution of clinical investigative methods for birds, with special reference to the racing pigeon, Columba livia domestica. Ph.D. Thesis. Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 35-77. 1987.
10. Lumeij, J. T., and L. M. Overduin. Plasma chemistry reference values in Psittaciformes. Avian Pathol. 19:234-244. 1990.
11. Niagro, F. D., K. S. Latimer, B. W. Richie, P. D. Lukert, W. L. Steffens III, and D. Pesti. Leukocyte involvement in the pathology of psittacine beak and feather disease. In: Proc. 128th Annual Meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Seattle, WA. p. 134. 1991.
12. Niagro, F. D., B. W. Ritchie, K. S. Latimer, P. D. Lukert, W. L. Steffens III, and D. Pesti. Polymerase chain reaction detection of PBFD virus and BFD virus in suspect birds. In: Proc. Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians. pp. 25-37. 1990.
13. Pass, D. A., and R. A. Perry. The pathology of psittacine beak and feather disease. Aust. Vet. J. 61:69-74. 1984.
14. Quesenberry, K. E., and E. V. Hillyer. Supportive care and emergency therapy. In: Avian medicine: principles and application. B. W. Ritchie, G. J. Harrison, and L. R. Harrison, eds. Wingers Publishing, Lake Worth, FL. pp. 382-416. 1994.
15. Radial, S. R., and G. M. Cross. Acute necrotizing hepatitis caused by experimental infection with psittacine beak and feather disease virus. J. Avian Med. Surg. 9:36-40. 1995.
16. Radial, S. R., G. M. Cross, E. Tomaszewski, D. L. Graham, and D. N. Phalen. A serologic survey for avian polyomavirus and Pacheco's disease virus in Australian cockatoos. Avian Pathol. 27:263-268. 1998.
17. Ramis, A., K. S. Latimer, F. D. Niagro, R. P. Campagnoli, B. W. Ritchie, and D. Pesti. Diagnosis of psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) viral infection, avian polyomavirus, adenovirus infection and herpesvirus infection in psittacine tissues using DNA in situ hybridization. Avian Pathol. 23:643-657. 1994.
18. Ritchie, B. W. Avian viruses: function and control. Wingers Publishing, Lake Worth, FL. 1995.
19. Rosskopf, W. J., and R. W. Woerpel. Pet avian conditions and syndromes. In: Diseases of cage and aviary birds. W. J. Rosskopf and R. W. Woerpel, eds. Williams and Wilkens, Baltimore, MD. pp. 260-282. 1996.
20. Schmidt, R. Pathologist's view of PBFD in African greys. J. Assoc. Avian Vet. 4(1):19. 1990.
21. Schoemaker, N. J., J. T. Lumeij, and A. C. Beynen. Polyuria and polydipsia due to a vitamin and mineral oversupplementation of the diet of a salmon-crested cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) and a blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna). Avian Pathol. 26: 201-209. 1997.
22. Speer, B. Unusual expressions of PBFD. J. Assoc. Avian Vet. 4(1):19. 1990.
23. Zinkl, J. G. Avian hematology. In: Schalm's veterinary hematology, 4th ed. N. C. Jain, ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, PA. p. 257. 1986.