메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 3537-3547

Spinal cholinergic neurons activated during locomotion: Localization and electrophysiological characterization

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; PROTEIN C FOS;

EID: 0034047405     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.2000.83.6.3537     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (107)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0031049911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) protein: A novel and unique marker for cholinergic neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems
    • ARVIDSSON U, RIEDL M, ELDE R, AND MEISTER B. Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) protein: a novel and unique marker for cholinergic neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. J Comp Neurol 378: 454-467, 1997.
    • (1997) J Comp Neurol , vol.378 , pp. 454-467
    • Arvidsson, U.1    Riedl, M.2    Elde, R.3    Meister, B.4
  • 2
    • 0026779330 scopus 로고
    • Induction of fos expression by activity in the spinal rhythm generator for scratching
    • BARAJON I, GOSSARD JP, AND HULTBORN H. Induction of fos expression by activity in the spinal rhythm generator for scratching. Brain Res 588: 168-172, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.588 , pp. 168-172
    • Barajon, I.1    Gossard, J.P.2    Hultborn, H.3
  • 3
    • 0023240528 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of locomotion after chronic spinalization in the adult cat
    • BARBEAU H AND ROSSIGNOL S. Recovery of locomotion after chronic spinalization in the adult cat. Brain Res 412: 84-95, 1987.
    • (1987) Brain Res , vol.412 , pp. 84-95
    • Barbeau, H.1    Rossignol, S.2
  • 4
    • 0021740934 scopus 로고
    • The morphology and distribution of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase in the adult rat spinal cord: An immunocytochemical study
    • BARBER RP, PHELPS PE, HOUSER CR, CRAWFORD GD, SALVATERRA PM, AND VAUGHN JE. The morphology and distribution of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase in the adult rat spinal cord: an immunocytochemical study. J Comp Neurol 229: 329-346, 1984.
    • (1984) J Comp Neurol , vol.229 , pp. 329-346
    • Barber, R.P.1    Phelps, P.E.2    Houser, C.R.3    Crawford, G.D.4    Salvaterra, P.M.5    Vaughn, J.E.6
  • 6
    • 0022645888 scopus 로고
    • Topography of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the rat spinal cord
    • BORGES LF AND IVERSEN SD. Topography of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the rat spinal cord. Brain Res 362: 140-148, 1986.
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.362 , pp. 140-148
    • Borges, L.F.1    Iversen, S.D.2
  • 7
    • 0028969103 scopus 로고
    • Cytochemical characterization of cat spinal neurons activated during fictive locomotion
    • CARR P, HUANG A, NOGA B, DAI X, AND JORDAN LM. Cytochemical characterization of cat spinal neurons activated during fictive locomotion. Brain Res Bull 37: 213-218, 1995.
    • (1995) Brain Res Bull , vol.37 , pp. 213-218
    • Carr, P.1    Huang, A.2    Noga, B.3    Dai, X.4    Jordan, L.M.5
  • 8
    • 0028333855 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular labelling of cat spinal neurons using a tetramethylrhodamine-dextran amine conjugate
    • CARR PA, NOGA BR, NANCE DM, AND JORDAN LM. Intracellular labelling of cat spinal neurons using a tetramethylrhodamine-dextran amine conjugate. Brain Res Bull 34: 447-451, 1994.
    • (1994) Brain Res Bull , vol.34 , pp. 447-451
    • Carr, P.A.1    Noga, B.R.2    Nance, D.M.3    Jordan, L.M.4
  • 9
    • 0028267704 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of motor patterns induced by N-methyl-D, L-aspartate, acetylcholine and serotonin in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord
    • COWLEY KC AND SCHMIDT BJ. A comparison of motor patterns induced by N-methyl-D, L-aspartate, acetylcholine and serotonin in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 171: 147-150, 1994.
    • (1994) Neurosci Lett , vol.171 , pp. 147-150
    • Cowley, K.C.1    Schmidt, B.J.2
  • 10
    • 0001302877 scopus 로고
    • Localization of spinal neurons activated during treadmill locomotion using the c-fos immunohistochemical method
    • DAI X, DOUGLAS JR, NAGY JI, NOGA BR, AND JORDAN LM. Localization of spinal neurons activated during treadmill locomotion using the c-fos immunohistochemical method. Soc Neurosci Abstr 16: 368.4, 1990.
    • (1990) Soc Neurosci Abstr , vol.16 , pp. 3684
    • Dai, X.1    Douglas, J.R.2    Nagy, J.I.3    Noga, B.R.4    Jordan, L.M.5
  • 11
    • 0023162270 scopus 로고
    • Field potentials generated by group II muscle afferents in the middle lumbar segments of the cat spinal cord
    • EDGLEY SA AND JANKOWSKA E. Field potentials generated by group II muscle afferents in the middle lumbar segments of the cat spinal cord. J Physiol (Lond) 385: 393-413, 1987a.
    • (1987) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.385 , pp. 393-413
    • Edgley, S.A.1    Jankowska, E.2
  • 12
    • 0023159141 scopus 로고
    • An interneuronal relay for group I and II muscle afferents in the midlumbar segments of the cat spinal cord
    • EDGLEY SA AND JANKOWSKA E. An interneuronal relay for group I and II muscle afferents in the midlumbar segments of the cat spinal cord. J Physiol (Lond) 389: 647-674, 1987b.
    • (1987) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.389 , pp. 647-674
    • Edgley, S.A.1    Jankowska, E.2
  • 13
    • 0023789895 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that mid-lumbar neurones in reflex pathways from group II afferents are involved in locomotion in the cat
    • EDGLEY SA, JANKOWSKA E, AND SHEFCHYK S. Evidence that mid-lumbar neurones in reflex pathways from group II afferents are involved in locomotion in the cat. J Physiol (Lond) 403: 57-71, 1988.
    • (1988) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.403 , pp. 57-71
    • Edgley, S.A.1    Jankowska, E.2    Shefchyk, S.3
  • 14
    • 0029808995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operant conditioning of H-reflex changes synaptic terminals on primate motoneurons
    • FENG-CHEN KC AND WOLPAW JR. Operant conditioning of H-reflex changes synaptic terminals on primate motoneurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93: 9206-9211, 1996.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.93 , pp. 9206-9211
    • Feng-Chen, K.C.1    Wolpaw, J.R.2
  • 15
    • 0015441373 scopus 로고
    • Vestibulospinal effects on motoneurons and interneurons in the lumbosacral cord
    • GRILLNER S AND HONGO T. Vestibulospinal effects on motoneurons and interneurons in the lumbosacral cord. Prog Brain Res 37: 243-262, 1972.
    • (1972) Prog Brain Res , vol.37 , pp. 243-262
    • Grillner, S.1    Hongo, T.2
  • 16
    • 0022560530 scopus 로고
    • Lamina VIII interneurones interposed in crossed reflex pathways in the cat
    • HARRISON PJ, JANKOWSKA E, AND ZYTNICKI D. Lamina VIII interneurones interposed in crossed reflex pathways in the cat. J Physiol (Lond) 371: 147-166, 1986.
    • (1986) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.371 , pp. 147-166
    • Harrison, P.J.1    Jankowska, E.2    Zytnicki, D.3
  • 17
    • 0032444348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inducible and constitutive transcription factors in the mammalian nervous system: Control of gene expression by Jun, Fos, and Krox, and CREB/ATF proteins
    • HERDEGEN T AND LEAH JD. Inducible and constitutive transcription factors in the mammalian nervous system: control of gene expression by Jun, Fos, and Krox, and CREB/ATF proteins. Brain Res Rev 28: 370-490, 1998.
    • (1998) Brain Res Rev , vol.28 , pp. 370-490
    • Herdegen, T.1    Leah, J.D.2
  • 18
    • 0016818426 scopus 로고
    • The vestibulospinal tract crossed and uncrossed effects on hindlimb motoneuron in the cat
    • HONGO T, KUDO N, AND TANAKA R. The vestibulospinal tract crossed and uncrossed effects on hindlimb motoneuron in the cat. Exp Brain Res 24: 37-55, 1975.
    • (1975) Exp Brain Res , vol.24 , pp. 37-55
    • Hongo, T.1    Kudo, N.2    Tanaka, R.3
  • 19
    • 0026737794 scopus 로고
    • Retrograde labelling of lumbosacral interneurons following injections of red and green fluorescent microspheres into hindlimb motor nuclei of the cat
    • HOOVER JE AND DURKOVIC RG. Retrograde labelling of lumbosacral interneurons following injections of red and green fluorescent microspheres into hindlimb motor nuclei of the cat. Somatosens Mot Res 9: 211-226, 1992.
    • (1992) Somatosens Mot Res , vol.9 , pp. 211-226
    • Hoover, J.E.1    Durkovic, R.G.2
  • 20
    • 0020618199 scopus 로고
    • Organization and morphological characteristics of cholinergic neurons: An immunocytochemical study with a monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase
    • HOUSER CR, CRAWFORD GD, BARBER RP, SALVATERRA PM, AND VAUGHN JE. Organization and morphological characteristics of cholinergic neurons: an immunocytochemical study with a monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase. Brain Res 266: 97-119, 1983.
    • (1983) Brain Res , vol.266 , pp. 97-119
    • Houser, C.R.1    Crawford, G.D.2    Barber, R.P.3    Salvaterra, P.M.4    Vaughn, J.E.5
  • 21
    • 0023277535 scopus 로고
    • Induction of c-fos-like protein in spinal cord neurons following sensory stimulation
    • HUNT SP, PINI A, AND EVAN G. Induction of c-fos-like protein in spinal cord neurons following sensory stimulation. Nature 328: 632-634, 1987.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.328 , pp. 632-634
    • Hunt, S.P.1    Pini, A.2    Evan, G.3
  • 22
    • 0020550509 scopus 로고
    • Effect of depolarizing agents on choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in primary cell cultures of spinal cord
    • ISHIDA I AND DEGUCHI J. Effect of depolarizing agents on choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in primary cell cultures of spinal cord. J Neurosci 3: 1818-1823, 1983.
    • (1983) J Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 1818-1823
    • Ishida, I.1    Deguchi, J.2
  • 23
    • 0015027747 scopus 로고
    • Morphological identification of Renshaw cells
    • JANKOWSKA E AND LINDSTROM S. Morphological identification of Renshaw cells. Acta Physiol Scand 81: 428-430, 1971.
    • (1971) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.81 , pp. 428-430
    • Jankowska, E.1    Lindstrom, S.2
  • 24
    • 0015428482 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of interneurons mediating Ia reciprocal inhibition of motoneurons in the spinal cord of the cat
    • JANKOWSKA E AND LINDSTROM S. Morphology of interneurons mediating Ia reciprocal inhibition of motoneurons in the spinal cord of the cat. J Physiol (Lond) 226: 805-823, 1972.
    • (1972) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.226 , pp. 805-823
    • Jankowska, E.1    Lindstrom, S.2
  • 25
    • 0025222557 scopus 로고
    • Contralaterally projecting lamina VIII interneurons in middle lumbar segments in the cat
    • JANKOWSKA E AND NOGA BR. Contralaterally projecting lamina VIII interneurons in middle lumbar segments in the cat. Brain Res 535: 327-330, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.535 , pp. 327-330
    • Jankowska, E.1    Noga, B.R.2
  • 26
    • 0027979335 scopus 로고
    • Walking evokes a distinctive pattern of fos-like immunoreactivity in the caudal brainstem and spinal cord of the rat
    • JASMIN L, GOGAS KR, AHLGREN SC, LEVINE JD, AND BASBAUM AI. Walking evokes a distinctive pattern of fos-like immunoreactivity in the caudal brainstem and spinal cord of the rat. Neuroscience 58: 275-286, 1994.
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.58 , pp. 275-286
    • Jasmin, L.1    Gogas, K.R.2    Ahlgren, S.C.3    Levine, J.D.4    Basbaum, A.I.5
  • 27
    • 0003013347 scopus 로고
    • Brainstem and spinal cord mechanisms for the initiation of locomotion
    • edited by Shimamura M, Grillner S, and Edgerton VR. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press
    • JORDAN LM. Brainstem and spinal cord mechanisms for the initiation of locomotion. In: Neurobiological Basis of Human Locomotion, edited by Shimamura M, Grillner S, and Edgerton VR. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press, 1991, p. 3-20.
    • (1991) Neurobiological Basis of Human Locomotion , pp. 3-20
    • Jordan, L.M.1
  • 28
    • 0028142304 scopus 로고
    • Sulforhodamine-labelled cells in the neonatal rat spinal cord following chemically induced locomotor activity in vitro
    • KJAERULFF O, BARAJON I, AND KIEHN O. Sulforhodamine-labelled cells in the neonatal rat spinal cord following chemically induced locomotor activity in vitro. J Physiol (Lond) 478: 265-273, 1994.
    • (1994) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.478 , pp. 265-273
    • Kjaerulff, O.1    Barajon, I.2    Kiehn, O.3
  • 29
    • 0031467064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crossed rhythmic synaptic input to motoneurons during selective activation of the contralateral spinal locomotor network
    • KJAERULFF O AND KIEHN O. Crossed rhythmic synaptic input to motoneurons during selective activation of the contralateral spinal locomotor network. J Neurosci 17: 9433-9447, 1997.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 9433-9447
    • Kjaerulff, O.1    Kiehn, O.2
  • 30
    • 0002122533 scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of rhythmic activity in the spinal cord of the rat
    • edited by Shimamura M, Grillner S, and Edgerton VR. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press
    • KUDO N, OZAKI S, AND YAMADA T. Ontogeny of rhythmic activity in the spinal cord of the rat. In: Neurobiological Basis of Human Locomotion, edited by Shimamura M, Grillner S, and Edgerton VR. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press, 1991, p. 127-136.
    • (1991) Neurobiological Basis of Human Locomotion , pp. 127-136
    • Kudo, N.1    Ozaki, S.2    Yamada, T.3
  • 31
    • 0028915940 scopus 로고
    • C-terminals on motoneurons: EM localization of cholinergic markers in adult rats and antibody-induced depletion in neonates
    • LI W, OCHALSKI AY, BRIMIJOIN S, JORDAN LM, AND NAGY JI. C-terminals on motoneurons: EM localization of cholinergic markers in adult rats and antibody-induced depletion in neonates. Neuroscience 65: 879-991, 1995.
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.65 , pp. 879-991
    • Li, W.1    Ochalski, A.Y.2    Brimijoin, S.3    Jordan, L.M.4    Nagy, J.I.5
  • 32
    • 0022569024 scopus 로고
    • Effects of training on the recovery of full-weight-bearing stepping in the adult spinal cat
    • LOVELY RG, GREGOR RJ, ROY RR, AND EDGERTON VR. Effects of training on the recovery of full-weight-bearing stepping in the adult spinal cat. Exp Neurol 92: 421-435, 1986.
    • (1986) Exp Neurol , vol.92 , pp. 421-435
    • Lovely, R.G.1    Gregor, R.J.2    Roy, R.R.3    Edgerton, V.R.4
  • 33
    • 0019204755 scopus 로고
    • Renshaw cell activity and recurrent effects on motoneurons during fictive locomotion
    • MCCREA DA, PRATT CA, AND JORDAN LM. Renshaw cell activity and recurrent effects on motoneurons during fictive locomotion. J Neurophysiol 44: 475-488, 1980.
    • (1980) J Neurophysiol , vol.44 , pp. 475-488
    • Mccrea, D.A.1    Pratt, C.A.2    Jordan, L.M.3
  • 34
    • 0027329088 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the cholinergic nature of c-terminals associated with subsurface cisterns in alpha-motoneurons of rat
    • NAGY JI, YAMAMOTO T, AND JORDAN LM. Evidence for the cholinergic nature of c-terminals associated with subsurface cisterns in alpha-motoneurons of rat. Synapse 15: 17-32, 1993.
    • (1993) Synapse , vol.15 , pp. 17-32
    • Nagy, J.I.1    Yamamoto, T.2    Jordan, L.M.3
  • 35
    • 0019822478 scopus 로고
    • + concentrations on the growth and development of ciliary ganglion neurons in cell culture
    • + concentrations on the growth and development of ciliary ganglion neurons in cell culture. Dev Biol 87: 301-307, 1981.
    • (1981) Dev Biol , vol.87 , pp. 301-307
    • Nishi, R.1    Berg, D.K.2
  • 36
    • 0028965906 scopus 로고
    • Field potential mapping of neurons in the lumbar spinal cord activated following stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region
    • NOGA BR, FORTIER PA, KRIELLAARS DJ, DAI X, DETILLIEUX GR, AND JORDAN LM. Field potential mapping of neurons in the lumbar spinal cord activated following stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region. J Neurosci 15: 2203-2217, 1995.
    • (1995) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 2203-2217
    • Noga, B.R.1    Fortier, P.A.2    Kriellaars, D.J.3    Dai, X.4    Detillieux, G.R.5    Jordan, L.M.6
  • 37
    • 0023109561 scopus 로고
    • The role of Renshaw cells in locomotion: Antagonism of their excitation from motor axon collaterals with intravenous mecamylamine
    • NOGA BR, SHEFCHYK SJ, JAMAL J, AND JORDAN LM. The role of Renshaw cells in locomotion: antagonism of their excitation from motor axon collaterals with intravenous mecamylamine. Exp Brain Res 66: 99-105, 1987a.
    • (1987) Exp Brain Res , vol.66 , pp. 99-105
    • Noga, B.R.1    Shefchyk, S.J.2    Jamal, J.3    Jordan, L.M.4
  • 38
    • 0141473028 scopus 로고
    • Localization of last-order spinal interneurons participating in the production of locomotion in the cat
    • NOGA BR, SHEFCHYK SJ, AND JORDAN LM. Localization of last-order spinal interneurons participating in the production of locomotion in the cat. Soc Neurosci Abstr 13: 826, 1987b.
    • (1987) Soc Neurosci Abstr , vol.13 , pp. 826
    • Noga, B.R.1    Shefchyk, S.J.2    Jordan, L.M.3
  • 40
    • 0026250701 scopus 로고
    • The action of acetylcholine on the locomotor central pattern generator for swimming in Xenopus embryos
    • PANCHIN YV, PERRINS RJ, AND ROBERTS A. The action of acetylcholine on the locomotor central pattern generator for swimming in Xenopus embryos. J Exp Biol 161: 527-531, 1991.
    • (1991) J Exp Biol , vol.161 , pp. 527-531
    • Panchin, Y.V.1    Perrins, R.J.2    Roberts, A.3
  • 41
    • 0028915727 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic and electrical motoneuron-to-motoneuron synapses contribute to on-cycle excitation during swimming in Xenopus embryos
    • PERRINS R AND ROBERTS A. Cholinergic and electrical motoneuron-to-motoneuron synapses contribute to on-cycle excitation during swimming in Xenopus embryos. J Neurophysiol 73: 1005-1012, 1995a.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.73 , pp. 1005-1012
    • Perrins, R.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 42
    • 0028943554 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic contribution to excitation in a spinal locomotor central pattern generator in Xenopus embryos
    • PERRINS R AND ROBERTS A. Cholinergic contribution to excitation in a spinal locomotor central pattern generator in Xenopus embryos. J Neurophysiol 73: 1013-1019, 1995b.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.73 , pp. 1013-1019
    • Perrins, R.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 43
    • 0029000832 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic and electrical synapses between synergistic spinal motoneurones in the Xenopus laevis embryo
    • PERRINS R AND ROBERTS A. Cholinergic and electrical synapses between synergistic spinal motoneurones in the Xenopus laevis embryo. J Physiol (Lond) 485: 135-144, 1995c.
    • (1995) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.485 , pp. 135-144
    • Perrins, R.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 44
    • 0021705087 scopus 로고
    • Postnatal development of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase in rat spinal cord: An immunocytochemical study
    • PHELPS PE, BARBER RP, HOUSER CR, CRAWFORD GD, SALVATERRA PM, AND VAUGHN JE. Postnatal development of neurons containing choline acetyltransferase in rat spinal cord: an immunocytochemical study. J Comp Neurol 229: 347-361, 1984.
    • (1984) J Comp Neurol , vol.229 , pp. 347-361
    • Phelps, P.E.1    Barber, R.P.2    Houser, C.R.3    Crawford, G.D.4    Salvaterra, P.M.5    Vaughn, J.E.6
  • 45
    • 0023118820 scopus 로고
    • Ia inhibitory interneurons and Renshaw cells as contributors to the spinal mechanisms of fictive locomotion
    • PRATT CA AND JORDAN LM. Ia inhibitory interneurons and Renshaw cells as contributors to the spinal mechanisms of fictive locomotion. J Neurophysiol 57: 56-71, 1987.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.57 , pp. 56-71
    • Pratt, C.A.1    Jordan, L.M.2
  • 46
    • 0020646038 scopus 로고
    • Trophism between c-type axon terminals and thoracic motoneurones in the cat
    • PULLEN AH AND SEARS TA. Trophism between c-type axon terminals and thoracic motoneurones in the cat. J Physiol (Lond) 337: 373-388, 1983.
    • (1983) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.337 , pp. 373-388
    • Pullen, A.H.1    Sears, T.A.2
  • 47
    • 77049166450 scopus 로고
    • A cytoarchitectonic atlas of the spinal cord of the cat
    • REXED B. A cytoarchitectonic atlas of the spinal cord of the cat. J Comp Neurol 100: 297-379, 1954.
    • (1954) J Comp Neurol , vol.100 , pp. 297-379
    • Rexed, B.1
  • 48
    • 0342345021 scopus 로고
    • Effects of stimulation of pontine and bulbar reticular formation upon spinal motoneurons
    • SASAKI K, TANAKA T, AND MORI K. Effects of stimulation of pontine and bulbar reticular formation upon spinal motoneurons. Jpn J Physiol 12: 45-62, 1962.
    • (1962) Jpn J Physiol , vol.12 , pp. 45-62
    • Sasaki, K.1    Tanaka, T.2    Mori, K.3
  • 50
    • 0028006301 scopus 로고
    • A Cholinergic propriospinal innervation of the rat spinal cord
    • SHERRIFF FE AND HENDERSON Z. A Cholinergic propriospinal innervation of the rat spinal cord. Brain Res 634: 150-154, 1994.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.634 , pp. 150-154
    • Sherriff, F.E.1    Henderson, Z.2
  • 52
    • 0023231397 scopus 로고
    • In vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparations for study of motor systems for mammalian respiration and locomotion
    • SMITH JC AND FELDMAN JL. In vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparations for study of motor systems for mammalian respiration and locomotion. J Neurosci Methods 21: 321-333, 1987.
    • (1987) J Neurosci Methods , vol.21 , pp. 321-333
    • Smith, J.C.1    Feldman, J.L.2
  • 53
    • 0023921214 scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms generating locomotion studied in mammalian brain stem-spinal cord in vitro
    • SMITH JC, FELDMAN JL, AND SCHMIDT BJ. Neural mechanisms generating locomotion studied in mammalian brain stem-spinal cord in vitro. FASEB J 2: 2283-2288, 1988.
    • (1988) FASEB J , vol.2 , pp. 2283-2288
    • Smith, J.C.1    Feldman, J.L.2    Schmidt, B.J.3
  • 54
    • 0023830692 scopus 로고
    • An attempt to localize the lumbar locomotor generator in the rabbit using 2-deoxy-(14C)glucose autoradiography
    • VIALA D, BUISSERET-DELMAS C, AND PORTAL JJ. An attempt to localize the lumbar locomotor generator in the rabbit using 2-deoxy-(14C)glucose autoradiography. Neurosci Lett 86: 139-143, 1988.
    • (1988) Neurosci Lett , vol.86 , pp. 139-143
    • Viala, D.1    Buisseret-Delmas, C.2    Portal, J.J.3
  • 55
    • 0033616395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of the muscarinic m2 acetylcholine receptor by small and large motoneurons of the rat spinal cord
    • WELTON J, STEWART W, KERR R, AND MAXWELL DJ. Differential expression of the muscarinic m2 acetylcholine receptor by small and large motoneurons of the rat spinal cord. Brain Res 817: 215-219, 1999.
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.817 , pp. 215-219
    • Welton, J.1    Stewart, W.2    Kerr, R.3    Maxwell, D.J.4
  • 56
    • 0025941928 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic systems in mammalian brain and spinal cord
    • WOOLF NJ. Cholinergic systems in mammalian brain and spinal cord. Prog Neurobiol 37: 475-524, 1991.
    • (1991) Prog Neurobiol , vol.37 , pp. 475-524
    • Woolf, N.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.