Early utilization of flood-recession soils as a response to the intensification of fishing and upland agriculture: Resource-use dynamics in a large Tikuna community

Human Ecology

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 73-107

  Shorr, Nicholas ^a  

^a WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Agricultural intensification; Amazonia; Fisheries; Floodplain; Tikuna

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; FISHERY; FLOODPLAIN; INDIGENOUS POPULATION;

BRAZIL;

EID: 0034041294     PISSN: 03007839     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1007079721915     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Acuna, C de. (1874 (1641)). Nuevo Descubrimiento del fran rio de las Amazonas. Hildebrandt, Rio de Janeiro.
2. Aguiar, J. P. L. e. a. (1980). Aspectos nutritivos de alguns frutos da Amazonia. Acta Amazonica 10(4): 755-58.
3. Barlett, P. F. (1976). Labor Efficiency and the Mechanism of Agricultural Evolution. Journal of Anthropological Research 32(2): 124-140.
4. Bates, H. W. (1975 (1876)). Naturalist on the River Amazons. Dover, New York.
5. Beckerman, S. (1979). The Abundance of Protein in Amazonia: A Reply to Gross. Amercian Anthropologist 81: 533-560.
6. Beckerman, S. (1987). Swidden in Amazonia and the Amazon Rim. Comparative Farming Systems. S. Brush, Guilford.
7. Beckerman, S. (1994). Hunting and Fishing in Amazonia: Hold the Answers, What are the Questions? In Roosevelt, A. (ed.), Amazonian Indians: From Prehistory to the Present. Tucson, University of Arizona Press.
8. Bernard, H., Killworth, P., Kronenfeld, D., and Sailer, L. (1984). The problem of informant accuracy: The validity of retrospective data. Annual Review of Anthropology 13: 495-517.
9. Boserup, E. (1965). The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change Under Population Pressure. Aldine, Chicago.
10. Brinkmann, W., and Nacimento, J. de (1973). The effects of slash and burn agriculture on plant nutrients in the Tertiary region of Central Amazonia. Turrialba 23(3): 284-290.
11. Bronson, B. (1972). Farm Labor and the Evolution of Food Production. In Spooner, B. (ed.), Population Growth: Anthropological Perspectives. M.I.T., Cambridge, Mass.
12. Brown, P., and Podolevsky, A. (1976). Population Density, Agricultural Intensity, Land Tenure and Group Size in the New Guinea Highlands. Ethnology 15: 211-238.
13. Carneiro, R. L. (1983). The Cultivation of Manioc among the Kuikuru of the Upper Xingu. In Hames, R. B., and Vickers, W. T. (eds.), Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians. Academic Press, New York.
14. Carvajal, de. (1934 (1542)). The Discovery of the Amazon. American Geographical Society, New York.
15. Chantre y Herrera, J. (1901 (1767)). Historia de las misiones de la Campania de Jesus en la Maranon Espanol. A. Avrial, Madrid.
16. Chernala, J. (1985). Indigneous Fishing in the NeoTropics: The Tukanoan Uanano of the Blackwater Uaupes River Basin in Brazil and Colombia. Interciência 10(2): 78-86.
17. Chernela, J. (1993). The Wanano Indians of the Brazilian Amazon: A Sense of Space. University of Texas Press, Austin.
18. Chibnik, M. (1994). Risky Rivers. University of Arizona, Tucson.
19. Clarke, W. C. (1966). From Extensive to Intensive Shifting Cultivation: A Succession from New Guinea. Ethnology 5(4): 347-359.
20. Clarke, W. C. (1976). Maintenance of Agriculture and Human Habitats within the Tropical Forest Ecosystem. Human Ecology 4(3): 247-259.
21. Cochrane, T. T., and Sanchez P. (1982). Land Resources, Soils, and their Management in the Amazon Region. In Hecht, S. (ed.), Amazonia: Agriculture and Land Use Research. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Cali.
22. de Acuña, C. (1641). Nuevo Descubrimiento del fran rio de las Amazonas. Hildebrandt, Rio de Janeiro.
23. de Espinosa, A. V. (1948 (1629)). Compendio y descripcion de las Indias Occidentales. Smithsonian, Washington, D.C.
24. de la Cruz, L. (1900 (1653)). Nuevo Descubrimiento del Rio de Maranon, llamado de las Amazonas. La Irradiacion, Madrid.
25. Denevan, W. (1984). Ecological Heterogeneity and Horizontal Zonation of Agriculture in the Amazon Floodplain. In Schmink, M. and Wood, C. (eds.), Frontier Expansion in Amazonia. University of Florida, Gainesville.
26. Espinosa, A. V. de (1948 (1629)). Compendio y descripcion de las Indias Occidentales. Miscellaneous Collection, 108. Smithsonian, Washington, D.C.
27. Fittkau, E., and Klinge, H. (1973). On biomass and trophic structure of the Central Amazon rainforest ecosystem. Biotropica 5: 1-14.
28. Franco, G. (1987). Tabela de Composicao Quimica dos Alimentos. Livraria Atheneu, Rio de Janeiro.
29. Frechione, J. (1990). Supervillage Formation in the Amazonian Terra Firme: The Case of Asenona. Ethnology 29(2): 117-134.
30. Furtado, L.G. (1990). Caracteristicas gerauseproblemas da pescaAmazônica no Para. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Antropología 6(1)41: 93.
31. Gentry, A., and Lopez-Parodi, J. (1980). Deforestation and Increased Flooding in the Upper Amazon. Science 210: 1354-1356.
32. Gleave, M. B., and H. P. White (1969). Population Density and Agricultural Systems in West Africa. In Thomas, M. F., and Whittington, G. W. (eds.), Environment and Land Use. Methuen, London.
33. Glenboski, L. (1983). The Ethnobotany of the Tukuna Indians, Amazonas, Colombia. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogata.
34. Goldman, A. (1993). Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria. In Turner, B. L., et al. (eds.), Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa. University of Florida, Gainesville.
35. Goodland, R. (1981). Environmental Ranking of Development Projects in Brazil. Environmental Conservation 7: 9-26.
36. Goulard, J.-P. (1994). Los Ticuna. In Santos, F. and Barclay, F. (eds.), Guía Etnográfica de la Alta Amazonia. FLACSO-Sede Ecuador, Quito.
37. Goulding, M. (1980). The Fishes and the Forest. Berkeley, University of California.
38. Grigg, D. (1979). Esther Boserup's theory of agrarian change: A critical review. Progress in Human Geography 3(1): 64-84.
39. Gross, D. D. (1975). Protein Capture and Cultural Development in the Amazon Basin. American Anthropologist 77: 526-549.
40. Gross, D. (1984). Time allocation: A tool for the study of cultural behavior. Annual Review of Anthropology 13: 519-558.
41. Hames, R. (1983). Monoculture, Polyculture, and polyvariety in tropical forest swidden cultivation. Human Ecology 11(1): 13-33.
42. Hames, R. (1987). Time, Efficiency and Fitness in the Amazonian Protein Quest. Research in Economic Anthropology 11: 43-85.
43. Hammond, D. S., Dolman, P. M. et al. (1995). Modern Ticuna Swidden-Fallow Management in the Colombian Amazon: Ecologically Integrating Market Strategies and Subsistence-Driven Economies? Human Ecology 23(3): 335-356.
44. Harris, M., and Ross, E. (Eds.) (1987). Food and Evolution: Toward a Theory of Food Habits. Temple University Press, Philadelphia.
45. Heriarte, M. (1964 (1662)). Descriçao do Estado do Maranhão-Pará-Compoa-Rio das Amazônas. Graz.
46. Hiraoka, M. (1985). Cash-Cropping, Wage-Labor and Urbanward Migrations: Changing Floodplain Subsistence in the Peruvian Amazon. Studies in Third World Societies 32: 199-242.
47. Hiraoka, M. (1986). Zonation of Mestizo Riverine Farming Systems in Northeast Peru. National Geographic Research 2(3): 354-371.
48. Hiraoka, M. (1989). Agricultural Systems on the Floodplain of the Peruvian Amazon. In Browder, J. O. (ed.), Fragile Lands of Latin America. Westview, Boulder.
49. Hiraoka, M. (1992). Caboclo and Ribereño Resource Management in Amazonia: A Review. In Kent, R., and Paddoch, C. (eds.), Conservation of Neotropical Forests. Columbia University, New York.
50. Johnson, A. (1982). Reductionism in Cultural Ecology: the Amazon Case. Current Anthropology 23: 413-428.
51. Jordan, C. F. (1985). Nutrient Cycling in Tropical Forest Ecosystems. Wiley, Chichester.
52. Klinge, H, Rodrigues, W., Brunig, E., and Fittkau, E. (1975). Biomass and structure in a Central Amazon rainforest. In Golley, F. B., and Medina, E. (eds.), Tropical Ecological Systems. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 115-122.
53. Lagemann, J. (1977). Traditional African Farming Systems in Eastern Nigeria: An Analysis of Reaction to Increasing Population Pressure. Weltforum Verlag, Munich.
54. Lathrap, D. (1970). The Upper Amazon. Thames and Hudson, London.
55. Lipton, M. (1968). The Theory of the Optimising Peasant. Journal of Development Studies 4(3): 327-51.
56. Litzenberger, S. (1974). Guide for Field Crops in the Tropics and Subtropics. Technical Assistance Bureau/AID, Washington, D.C.
57. Maroni, P. (1988 (1738)). Noticias autenticas delfamoso Rio Maranon, seguidas de las relaciones de los Zarate y Magnin. Monumenta Amazonica. CETA/IIAP, Iquitos.
58. McGrath, D. and e. al (1993). Fisheries and the Evolution of Resource Management on the Lower Amazon Floodplain. Human Ecology 21(2).
59. Meggers, B. (1954). Environmental Limitations on the Development of Culture. American Anthropologist 56: 801-824.
60. Meggers, B. (1971). Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise. Aldine, Chicago.
61. Montaldo, A. (1972). Cultivo de Raices y Tuberculos Tropicales. Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agricolas de La OEA, Lima.
62. Moran, E. F. (1976). Manioc deserves more recognition in tropical farming. World Crops 28(4): 184-188.
63. Moran, E.F. (1981). Developing the Amazon. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
64. Moran, E. F. (1993). Through Amazonian Eyes: the Human Ecology of Amazonian Populations. University of Iowa Press.
65. Morgan, W. B. (1953). Farming practice, settlement pattern and population density in southeastern Nigeria. Geographical Journal 121: 320-333.
66. Myers, T. P. (1973). Toward the reconstruction of prehistoric community patterns in the Amazon Basin. In Lathrap, D. and Douglas, J. (eds.), Variation in Anthropology, Illinois Archaeological Survey, Urbana, pp. 233-252.
67. Nell, E. (1972). Boserup and Intensity of Cultivation. Peasant Studies Newsletter 1: 39-44.
68. Netting, R. (1968). Hill Farmers of Nigeria: Cultural Ecology of the Kofyar of the Jos Plateau. University of Washington, Seattle.
69. Nicholaides, J., et al. (1984). Crop Production Systems in the Amazon Basin. Barbira-Scaz.
70. Nimuendajú, C. (1952). The Tukuna. University of California, Berkeley.
71. Norman, D. W. (1974). Rationalising mixed cropping under indigenous conditions. Journal of Development Studies 11.
72. Nye, P. H. and Greenland D. J. (1960). The Soil Under Shifting Cultivation. Technical Communication of the Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Harpendern 51: 1-156.
73. Oliveira Filho, J. P. d. (1977). As Facçoes e a Orden Política em uma Reserva Tukuna. Universidade Federal do Brasil (FUnB), Brasilia.
74. Oliveira Filho, J. P. d. (1988). O Nosso Governo: Os Ticuna e o Regime Tutelar. Editora Marco Zero, Sao Paulo.
75. Oliveira, R. C. d. (1964). O Indio e o Mundo dos Brancos: A Situaçao dos Tukuna do Alto Solimões. DIFEL, Sao Paulo.
76. Padoch, C., and de Jong, W. (1987). Traditional agroforestry practices of native and ribereno farmers in the lowland Peruvian Amazon. In Gholz, H. L. (ed.), Agroforestry: Realities, Possibilities and Potentials. Martinus Nijhoff Publisher, Dordrecht.
77. Parker, E. (Ed.) (1985). The Amazonian Caboclo: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Studies in Third World Societies, Publication 32.
78. Porro, A. (1981). Os Omagua do alto Amazonas. Contribuiçoes a antropología em homenagem ao Professor Egon Schaden. Museu Paulista, Serie Ensaios, Sao Paulo.
79. Roosevelt, A. C. (1980). Parmana: Prehistoric Maize and Manioc Subsistence along the Amazon and Orinoco. New York, Academic Press.
80. Roosevelt, A. C. (1987). Chiefdoms in the Amazon and Orinoco. Chiefdoms in the Americas. R. D. Drennan and C. A. Uribe. Lanham; New York; London, University Press of America.
81. Roosevelt, A. C. (1989). Resource Management in Amazonia Before the Conquest: beyond Ethnographic Projection. Advances in Economic Botany 7: 30-62.
82. Roosevelt, A. C. (1991). Moundbuilders of the Amazon: Geophysical Archeology on Marajo Island, Brazil. New York, Academic Press.
83. Roumasset, J. A., Boussard, J. M., and Singh, I. (eds.) (1979) Risk, Uncertainty and Agricultural Development. Agricultural Development Council, New York.
84. Ruthenberg, H. (1976). Farming Systems in the Tropics, 2nd ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
85. Sanchez, P. A. (1976). Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics. Wiley, New York.
86. Santos, R., and e. al (1997). Tapirs, Tractors, and Tapes: The Changing Economy and Ecology of the Xavante Indians of Central Brazil. Human Ecology 25(4): 545-566.
87. Seubert, C., et al. (1977) Effects of land clearing methods on soil properties of an Ultisol and crop performance in the Amazon jungle of Peru. Tropical Agriculture 54: 307-321.
88. Shorr, N. (1999) Agricultural Intensification in a Large Tikuna Community on the Floodplain of the Upper Brazilian Amazon. PhD dissertation, Dept of Anthropology, Indiana University.
89. Smith, N. (1981). Man, Fishes and the Amazon. Columbia University, New York.
90. Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University (1974). Agronomic-economic research on tropical soils. Annual Report, AID Contract No. csd/2806, Raleigh.
91. Steward, J. (1948). The Tropical Forest Tribes. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
92. Stocks, A. (1983). Candoshi and Cocamilla Swiddens in Eastern Peru. Human Ecology 11: 69.
93. Turner, B. L., and Doolittle, W. E. (1978). The Concept and Measure of Agricultural Intensity. Professional Geographer 30(3): 297.
94. Turner, B. L. et al. (1993) (eds.). Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa. Gainesville, University Pess of Florida.
95. Uhl, C., and Clark, K. (1983). Seed ecology of selected Amazonian successional species. Botanical Gazette 144: 419-425.
96. Uhl, C., and Jordan, C. (1984). Succession and Nutrient Dynamics Following Forest Cutting and Burning in Amazonia. Ecology 65(5): 1476-1490.
97. Uhl, C., and Murphy, P. (1981). A comparison of productivities and energy values between slash and burn agriculture and secondary succession in the Upper Rio Negro region of the Amazon basin. Agro-Ecosystems 7: 63-83.
98. Valverde, C. S., and D. E. Brady (1982). Production of Annual Food Crops in the Amazon. In Hecht, S. (ed.), Amazonia: Agriculture and Land Use Research. Centro International de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali.
99. Vickers, W. (1983). Tropical forest mimicry in swiddens: A reassessment of Geertz' model with Amazonian data. Human Ecology 11(1): 35-45.
100. Wagley, C. (1953). Amazon Town. Macmillan, New York.