Physiological aspects of low-density lipoprotein oxidation

Current Opinion in Lipidology

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 297-301

  Thomas, Michael J ^a  

^a WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CELL FUNCTION; HUMAN; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; MICE; MICE, TRANSGENIC; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NITRIC OXIDE; VITAMIN E;

EID: 0034040275     PISSN: 09579672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00041433-200006000-00011     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. 1 Glavind JS, Hartmann S, Clemmesen J, Jessen KE, Dam H. Role of lipoperoxidases in human pathology, Part 2 (The presence of peroxidized lipids in the atherosclerotic aorta). Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1952; 30:1-6.
2. 2 Harland WA, Gilbert JD, Steele G, Brooks CJW. Lipids of the human atheroma. Part 5. Atherosclerosis 1971; 13:239-246.
3. 3 Harland WA, Gilbert JD, Brooks CJW. Lipids of human atheroma VIII. Oxidized derivatives of cholesteryl linoleate. Biochim Biophys Acta 1973; 316:378-385.
4. 4 Yla-Herttuala S, Palinski W, Rosenfeld ME, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Butler S, et al. Evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and man. J Clin Invest 1989; 84:1086-1095.
5. 5 Palinski W, Rosenfeld ME, Yl-Herttuala S, Gurtner GC, Socher SS, Butler S, et al. Low density lipoprotein undergoes oxidative modification in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86:1372-1376.
6. 6 Heinecke JW, Li W, Mueller DM, Bohrer A, Turk J. Cholesterol chlorohydrin synthesis by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system: potential markers for the lipoproteins oxidatively damaged by phagocytes. Biochemistry 1994; 33:10127-10136.
7. 7 Hazen SL, Hsu FF, Duffin K, Heinecke JW. Molecular chlorine generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of phagocytes converts low density lipoprotein cholesterol into a family of chlorinated sterols. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:23080-23088.
8. 8 Daugherty A, Dunn JL, Rateri DL, Heinecke JW. Myeloperoxidase, a catalyst for lipoprotein oxidation, is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions. J Clin Invest 1994; 94:437-444.
9. 9 Heinecke JW. Mass spectrometric quantification of amino acid oxidation products in proteins: insights into pathways that promote LDL oxidation in the human artery wall. FASEB J 1999; 13:1113-1120.
10. 10 Whitman SC, Hazen SL, Miller DB, Hegele RA, Heinecke JW, Huff MW. Modification of type III VLDL, their remnants, and VLDL from apoE-knockout mice by p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, a product of myeloperoxidase activity, causes marked cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:1238-1249. This article describes the mechanism through which myeloperoxidase oxidation could promote atherosclerosis. The proposed mechanism also integrates roles for lipoprotein lipase and acyl coenzymeA:cholesterol acyltransferase.
11. 11 Thomas MJ, Thornburg T, Manning J, Hooper K, Rudel LL. Fatty acid composition of low-density lipoprotein influences its susceptibility to autoxidation. Biochemistry 1994; 33:1828-1834.
12. 12 Gieseg SP, Esterbauer H. Low density lipoprotein is saturable by pro-oxidant copper. FEBS Lett 1994; 343:188-194.
13. 13 Thomas MJ, Chen O, Franklin C, Rudel LL. A comparison of the kinetics of low density lipoprotein oxidation initiated by copper or by azobis(2-amidinopropane). Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 23:927-935.
14. 14 Bowry VW, Ingold KU, Stocker R. Vitamin E in human low-density lipoprotein. Biochem J 1992; 288:341-344.
15. 15 Yoshida Y, Tsuchiya J, Niki E. Interaction of α-tocopherol with copper and its effect on lipid peroxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994; 1200:85-92.
16. 16 Bowry VW, Stocker R. Tocopherol-mediated peroxidation. The prooxidant effect of vitamin E on the radical-initiated oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein. J Am Chem Soc 1993; 115:6029-6044.
17. 17 Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witztum JL. Beyond cholesterol. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:915-924.
18. 18 Morel DW, Hessler JR, Chisolm GM. Low density lipoprotein cytotoxicity induced by free radical peroxidation of lipid. J Lipid Res 1983; 24:1070-1076.
19. 19 Heinecke JW. Oxidants and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: implications for the oxidized low density lipoprotein hypothesis. Atherosclerosis 1998; 141:1-15.
20. 20 Blankenhorn DH, Johnson RL, Mack WJ, El Zein HA, Vailas LI. The influence of diet on the appearance of new lesions in human coronary arteries. JAMA 1990; 263:1646-1652.
21. 21 Wood DA, Oliver MF. Linoleic acid, antioxidant vitamins, and coronary heart disease. In: Marmot M, Elliott P (editors). Coronary heart disease epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 1992. Chapter 13.
22. 22 Rudel LL, Parks JS, Hedrick CC, Thomas M, Williford K. Lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism in diet-induced coronary artery atherosclerosis in primates. Role of cholesterol and fatty acids. Prog Lipid Res 1998; 37:353-370.
23. 2. Trends Biochem Sci 1987; 12:31-34.
24. 24 Van Lente F, Daher R, Waletzky JA. Vitamin E compared with other potential risk factor concentrations in patients with and without coronary artery disease: a case-matched study. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1994; 32:583-587.
25. 25 Takamatsu S, Takamatsu M, Satoh K, Imaizumi T, Yoshida H, Hiramoto M, et al. Effects on health of dietary supplementation with 100 mg d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, daily for 6 years. J Int Med Res 1995; 23:342-357.
26. 26 Ozer NK, Boscoboinik D, Azzi A. New roles of low density lipoproteins and vitamin E in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1995; 35:117-124.
27. 27 Andersson TL, Matz J, Ferns GA, Anggard EE. Vitamin E reverses cholesterol-induced endothelial dysfunction in the rabbit coronary circulation. Atherosclerosis 1994; 111:39-45.
28. 28 Cromheeke KM, Kockx MM, DeMeyer GRY, Bosmans JM, Bult H, Beelaerts WJF, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase colocalizes with signs of lipid oxidation/peroxidation in human atherosclerotic plaques. Cardiol Res 1999; 43:744-754. This study provides clear evidence for a correlation of nitration and the severity of atherosclerosis.
29. 29 Luoma JS, Yla-Herttuala S. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages and smooth muscle cells in various types of human atherosclerotic lesions. Virchows Arch 1999; 434:561-568.
30. 30 Huang A, Li C, Kao RL, Stone WL. Lipid hydroperoxides inhibit nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Free Rad Biol Med 1999; 26:526-537.
31. 31 Alcouffe J, Caspar-Bauguil S, Garcia V, Salvayre R, Thomsen M, Benoist H. Oxidized low density lipoproteins induce apoptosis in PHA-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in the Jurkat T-cell line. J Lipid Res 1999; 40:1200-1210.
32. 32 Bachem MG, Wendelin D, Schneiderhan W, Haug C, Zorn U, Gross HJ, et al. Depending on their concentration oxidized low density lipoproteins stimulate extracellular matrix synthesis or induce apoptosis in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Clin Chem Lab Med 1999; 37:319-326.
33. 33 Chang MK, Bergmark C, Laurila A, Horkko S, Han KH, Friedman P, et al. Monoclonal antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein bind to apoptotic cells and inhibit their phagocytosis by elicited macrophages: evidence that oxidation-specific epitopes mediate macrophage recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96:6353-6358.
34. 34 Claise C, Edeas M, Chaouchi N, Chalas J, Capel L, Kalimouttou S, et al. Oxidized-LDL induce apoptosis in HUVEC but not in the endothelial cell line EA.hy 926. Atherosclerosis 1999; 147:95-104.
35. 35 Dimmeler S, Hermann C, Galle J, Zeiher AM. Upregulation of superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide synthase mediates the apoptosis-suppressive effects of shear stress on endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:656-664.
36. 36 Farber A, Kitzmiller T, Morganelli PM, Pfeiffer J, Groveman D, Wagner RJ, et al. A caspase inhibitor decreases oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis in bovine endothelial cells. J Surg Res 1999; 85:323-330.
37. 37 Galle J, Schneider R, Heinloth A, Wanner C, Galle PR, Conzelmann E, et al. Lp(a) and LDL induce apoptosis in human endothelial cells and in rabbit aorta: role of oxidative stress. Kidney Int 1999; 55:1450-1461.
38. 38 Galle J, Heermeier K, Wanner C. Atherogenic lipoproteins, oxidative stress, and cell death. Kidney Int 1999; 71 (Suppl.):S62-S65.
39. 39 Heermeier K, Reinhard S, Heinloth A, Wanner C, Dimmeler S, Galle J. Oxidative stress mediates apoptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein and oxidized lipoprotein(a). Kidney Int 1999; 56:1310-1312.
40. 40 Hsieh TC, Juan G, Darzynkiewicz Z, Wu JM. Resveratrol increases nitric oxide synthase, induces accumulation of p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1), and suppresses cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell proliferation by perturbing progression through S and G2. Cancer Res 1999; 59:2596-2601.
41. 41 Kinscherf R, Wagner M, Kamencic H, Bonaterra GA, Hou D, Schiele RA, et al. Characterization of apoptotic macrophages in atheromatous tissue of humans and heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Atherosclerosis 1999; 144:33-39.
42. 42 Li D, Saldeen T, Mehta JL. Gamma-tocopherol decreases ox-LDL-mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 259:157-161.
43. 43 Lizard G, Monier S, Cordelet C, Gesquiere L, Deckert V, Gueldry S, et al. Characterization and comparison of the mode of cell death, apoptosis versus necrosis, induced by 7beta-hydroxycholosterol and 7-ketocholesterol in the cells of the vascular wall. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:1190-1200.
44. 44 Meilhac O, Escargueil-Blanc I, Thiers JC, Salvayre R, Negre-Salvayre A. Bcl-2 alters the balance between apoptosis and necrosis, but does not prevent cell death induced by oxidized low density lipoproteins. FASEB J 1999; 13:485-494.
45. 45 Siow RC, Sato H, Leake DS, Ishii T, Bannai S, Mann GE. Induction of antioxidant stress proteins in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells: protective action of vitamin C against atherogenic lipoproteins. Free Rad Res 1999; 31:309-318.
46. 46 Siow RC, Richards JP, Pedley KC, Leake DS, Mann GE. Vitamin C protects human vascular smooth muscle cells against apoptosis induced by moderately oxidized LDL containing high levels of lipid hydroperoxides. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:2387-2394.
47. 47 Tashiro K, Makita Y, Shike T, Shirato I, Sato T, Cynshi O, et al. Detection of cell death of cultured mouse mesangial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Nephron 1999; 82:51-58.
48. 48 Wang BY, Ho HK, Lin PS, Schwarzacher SP, Pollman MJ, Gibbons GH, et al. Regression of atherosclerosis: role of nitric oxide and apoptosis. Circulation 1999; 99:1236-1241.
49. 49 Zou J, Huang Y, Chen Q, Wang N, Cao K, Hsieh TC, et al. Suppression of mitogenesis and regulation of cell cycle traverse by resveratrol in cultured smooth muscle cells. Int J Oncol 1999; 15:647-651.
50. 50 Rahman MM, Varghese Z, Fuller BJ, Moorhead JF. Renal vasoconstriction induced by oxidized LDL is inhibited by scavengers of reactive oxygen species and L-arginine. Clin Nephrol 1999; 51:98-107.
51. 51 Wang X, Greilberger J, Levak-Frank S, Zimmermann R, Zechner R, Jurgens G. Endogenously produced lipoprotein lipase enhances the binding and cell association of native, mildly oxidized and moderately oxidized low-density lipoprotein in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Biochem J 1999; 343:347-353.
52. 52 Makoveichuk E, Lookene A, Olivecrona G. Mild oxidation of lipoproteins increases their affinity for surfaces covered by heparan sulfate and lipoprotein lipase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 252:703-710.
53. 53 Viita H, Narvanen O, Yla-Herttuala S. Different apolipoprotein B breakdown patterns in models of oxidized low density lipoprotein. Life Sci 1999; 65:783-793.
54. 54 Leitinger N, Tyner TR, Oslund L, Rizza C, Subbanagounder G, Lee H, et al. Structurally similar oxidized phospholipids differentially regulate endothelial binding of monocytes and neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96:12010-12015.
55. 55 Watson AD, Subbanagounder G, Welsbie DS, Faull KF, Navab M, Jung ME, et al. Structural identification of a novel pro-inflammatory epoxyisoprostane phospholipid in mildly oxidized low density lipoprotein. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:24787-24798. This group is developing a consistent picture of the types of oxidation products that cause changes in vascular tissue.
56. 56 Watson AD, Leitinger N, Navab M, Faull KF, Horkko S, Witztum JL, et al. Structural identification by mass spectrometry of oxidized phospholipids in minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein that induce monocyte/endothelial interactions and evidence for their presence in vivo. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:13597-13607.
57. 2, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, generates two bioactive products during the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein: use of a novel inhibitor. Biochem J 1999; 338 (Pt 2):479-487.
58. 58 Itabe H, Hosoya R, Karasawa K, Jimi S, Saku K, Takebayashi S, et al. Metabolism of oxidized phosphatidylcholines formed in oxidized low density lipoprotein by lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. J Biochem 1999; 126:153-161.
59. 59 Watson AD, Navab M, Hama SY, Sevanian A, Prescott SM, Stafforini DM, et al. Effect of platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase on the formation and action of minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein. J Clin Invest 1995; 95:774-782.
60. 2 in atherosclerosis: 2. Potential involvement of biologically active oxidized phospholipids. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:1291-1298.
61. 61 Smiley PL, Stremler KE, Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM. Oxidatively fragmented phosphatidylcholines activate human neutrophils through the receptor for platelet-activating factor. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:11104-11110.
62. 62 Letters JM, Witting PK, Christison JK, Eriksson AW, Pettersson K, Stocker R. Time-dependent changes to lipids and antioxidants in plasma and aortas of apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Lipid Res 1999; 40:1104-1112. A well-executed study that defines changes that take place in the atherosclerotic lesion.
63. 63 Aiello RJ, Bourassa PA, Lindsey S, Weng W, Natoli E, Rollins BJ, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 accelerates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:1518-1525.
64. 64 Cyrus T, Witztum JL, Rader DJ, Tangirala R, Fazio S, Linton MF, et al. Disruption of the 12/15-lipoxygenase gene diminishes atherosclerosis in apo E-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 1999; 103:1597-1604. These significant findings are applicable to the role of lipoxygenase in lesion development.
65. 2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:1284-1290.
66. 66 Shen J, Herderick E, Cornhill JF, Zsigmond E, Kim HS, Kuhn H, et al. Macrophage-mediated 15-lipoxygenase expression protects against atherosclerosis development. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:2201-2208.
67. 67 Yla-Herttuala SJL, Viita H, Hiltunen T, Sisto T, Nikkari T. Transfer of 15-lipoxygenase gene into rabbit iliac arteries results in the appearance of oxidation-specific lipid-protein adducts characteristic of oxidized low density lipoprotein. J Clin Invest 1995; 95:2692-2698.
68. 68 Guevara NV, Kim HS, Antonova El, Chan L. The absence of p53 accelerates atherosclerosis by increasing cell proliferation in vivo. Nature Med 1999; 5:335-339. An interesting study suggesting that p53 inhibition may play a role in atherogenesis.
69. 69 Maziere C, Alimardani G, Dantin F, Dubois F, Conte MA, Maziere JC. Oxidized LDL activates signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 transcription factors: possible involvement of reactive oxygen species. FEBS Lett 1999; 448:49-52.
70. 70 George J, Shoenfeld Y, Harats D. The involvement of beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI) in human and murine atherosclerosis. J Autoimmun 1999; 13:57-60.
71. 71 Witting PK, Pettersson K, Ostlund-Lindqvist AM, Westerlund C, Eriksson AW, Stocker R. Inhibition by a coantioxidant of aortic lipoprotein lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E and low density lipoprotein receptor gene double knockout mice. FASEB J 1999; 13:667-675. An insightful study that for the first time tests the oxidation hypothesis of atherosclerosis by measuring oxidized lipid accumulation and comparing it to lesion development.
72. 72 Suarna C, Dean RT, May J, Stocker R. Human atherosclerotic plaque contains both oxidized lipids and relatively large amounts of α-tocopherol and ascorbate. Atherioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15:1616-1624.
73. 73 Fruebis J, Steinberg D, Dresel HA, Carew TE. A comparison of the antiatherogenic effects of probucol and of a structural analogue of probucol in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient rabbits. J Clin Invest 1994; 94:392-398.
74. 74 Zhang SH, Reddick RI, Avdievich E, Surles IK, Jones RG, Reynolds JB, et al. Paradoxical enhancement of atherosclerosis by probucol treatment in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:2858-2866.