Megawati Sukarnoputri: From president's daughter to vice president

Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars

Volumn 32, Issue 1-2, 2000, Pages 105-112

  McIntyre, Angus ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

POLITICAL SYSTEM; SOVEREIGNTY;

EAST TIMOR;

EID: 0034025013     PISSN: 00074810     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14672715.2000.10415793     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Najma Chowdhury, "Bangladesh: Gender Issues and Politics in a Patriarchy" in Women and Politics Worldwide, ed. Barbara J. Nelson and Najma Chowdhury (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 100.
2. For example, Takashi Shiraishi interviewed by Ben Abel on apakabar @clark.net (moderator, John MacDougall), 6 July 1996.
3. Quoted in Goenawan Mohamad, "Mega, Mega," Suara Independen, June 1996, p. 2.
4. Bertil Lintner, "Aung San Suu Kyi and Burma's Unfinished Renaissance" (Melbourne: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1990), Working Paper no. 64, p. 16
5. Ben Anderson interviewed by Ben Abel on apakabar@clark.net, 12 July 1996.
6. Cindy Adams, Sukarno: An Autobiography as Told to Cindy Adams (Hong Kong: Gunung Agung, 1966), p. 184.
7. Sukarno, "Pidato disampaikan dalam Pertemuan dengan para Pelajar dan Pemuda di 'Atjeh Bioskop'," 16 June 1948, 8:30 PM, in Untuk Apa Kita Merdeka: Amanat dan Kursus Politik Bung Karno di Sumatera dalam Masa Perang Kemerdekaan 1945-1949, ed. M. Hasan Basry (Jakarta: Kopkar PIP, 1995), pp. 70, 76.
8. "Ibu Fatmawati bercerita tentang Bung Karno," Pos Kota, 26 July 1977.
9. Rachmawati Soekarno, Bapakku Ibuku (Jakarta: Garuda Metropolitan Press, 1984), pp. 31, 34-35, 46, 179; Kompas, 9 November 1994.
10. Rachmawati Soekarno, Bapakku Ibuku (Jakarta: Garuda Metropolitan Press, 1984), pp. 31, 34-35, 46, 179; Kompas, 9 November 1994.
11. Guntur Soekarno, "Granat Maut (Peristiwa Cikini 1957)," in Bung Karno: Bapakku, Kawanku, Guruku (Jakarta: PT Dela-Rohita, 1977), pp. 132-40.
12. Rachmawati, Bapakku Ibuku, pp. 41, 46.
13. Ibid., pp. 171-72.
14. "Bung Karno: Pemimpin, Presiden, Seniman (dari kumpulan surat-surat pelukis Dullah kepada isterinya Biby Fatimah)," Merdeka, 5 September 1982.
15. Apa dan Siapa as posted on apakabar@clark.net, 30 March 1996.
16. Sukarno, Bertjita-tjitalah Setinggi Bintang di Langit: Amanat Presiden Sukarno pada Peringatan Hari Pendidikan Nasional di Istana Olahraga Gelora Bung Karno, Senajan, Djakarta pada tanggal 2 May 1964 (Departemen Penerangan), p. 11.
17. For example, see Sukarno, Pamong Desa Salah Satu Sokoguru Revolusi Indonesia: Amanat Presiden Sukarno kepada para peserta Kongres Persatuan Pamong Desa Indonesia (P.P.D.I.) di Istana Negara, pada tanggal 12 May 1964, (Departmen Penerangan), p. 9. See also, Colin Brown, "Sukarno on the Role of Women in the Nationalist Movement," Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs 15, no. 1 (1981): 68-92.
18. For example, see Sukarno, Pamong Desa Salah Satu Sokoguru Revolusi Indonesia: Amanat Presiden Sukarno kepada para peserta Kongres Persatuan Pamong Desa Indonesia (P.P.D.I.) di Istana Negara, pada tanggal 12 May 1964, (Departmen Penerangan), p. 9. See also, Colin Brown, "Sukarno on the Role of Women in the Nationalist Movement," Review of Indonesian and Malayan Affairs 15, no. 1 (1981): 68-92.
19. Sukarno, Amalkan Ilmu daripada Kehidupan Sehari-hari (The School of Life): Amanat Presiden Sukarno pada Peringatan Hari Sardjana ke-IV, 30 September 1963 di Istana Olahraga Gelora Bung Karno, Senajan, (Departemen Penerangan), p. 12.
20. Sukarno, "Amanat PJM Presiden Sukarno pada Upatjara Peringatan Tri Pantjawarsa Universitas Gadjah Mada di Siti Hinggil, Jogjakarta, 20 December 1964" (Sekretariat Negara, Kabinet Presiden), p. 10.
21. J. A. C. Mackie, Konfrontasi: The Indonesia-Malaysia Dispute, 1963-1966 (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1974), p. 217, passim.
22. Pierre Labrousse, "The Second Life of Bung Karno: Analysis of the Myth (1978-1981)," Indonesia 57 (April 1993): 175.
23. Ibid., p. 205.
24. Forum Keadilan, 8 June 1995, p. 74.
25. Tempo, 25 December 1993, p. 17.
26. Rachmawati, Bapakku Ibuku, p. 208.
27. Ibid., pp. 251, 254.
28. Karen Brooks, "The Rustle of Ghosts: Bung Karno in the New Order," Indonesia 60 (October 1995): 65.
29. Pierre Labrousse, "The Second Life of Bung Karno," p. 175.
30. Tempo, 22 July 1972, p. 47, 25 December 1993, p. 17.
31. Tempo, 22 July 1972, p. 47, 25 December 1993, p. 17.
32. Tempo, 22 July 1972, pp. 8-9, 47-50; Tempo, 25 December 1993, pp. 17-18.
33. Tempo, 22 July 1972, pp. 8-9, 47-50; Tempo, 25 December 1993, pp. 17-18.
34. Tempo, 22 July 1972, p. 50. The journalists were Toeti Kakiailatu and Goenawan Mohamad.
35. This claim is based on personal observations made in Jakarta in June and July 1996.
36. Patrick Walters, The Australian, 2 August 1996, p. 13.
37. Karen Brooks, "The Rustle of Ghosts," pp. 66-67.
38. Pierre Labrousse, "The Second Life of Bung Karno," p. 177. The number of Indonesians visiting Sukarno's grave declined in subsequent years: in 1991 it totalled 279, 626. See "Makam Bung Karno di Blitar makin dilirik Wisman," Pelita, 20 August 1992.
39. Pierre Labrousse, "The Second Life of Bung Karno," p. 177. The number of Indonesians visiting Sukarno's grave declined in subsequent years: in 1991 it totalled 279, 626. See "Makam Bung Karno di Blitar makin dilirik Wisman," Pelita, 20 August 1992.
40. Ibid., p. 195.
41. Karen Brooks, "The Rustle of Ghosts," pp. 69, 75-76, 85.
42. Adriana Elisabeth Sukatmo et al., PDI dan Prospek Pembangunan Politik (Jakarta: PT Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia, 1991), p. 5, n. 5.
43. Walters, The Australian, 2 August 1996, p. 13.
44. Far Eastern Economic Review, 30 April 1987, p. 38.
45. Quoted in Tempo, 18 December 1993, p. 26.
46. "Guntur is not as close as he could be. He is a mother's child. I cannot blame him. I was myself" (Adams, Sukarno, p. 285).
47. Tempo, 18 December 1993, p. 25.
48. Forum Keadilan, 8 June 1995, pp. 70-71.
49. Margot Cohen, Far Eastern Economic Review, 24 October 1991, via apakabar@clark. net, 13 January 1992.
50. Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 June 1992, pp. 14-15.
51. Ibid., 16 December 1993, p. 20.
52. Gerry van Klinken, "Sukarno's Daughter Takes Over Indonesia's Democrats," Inside Indonesia, March 1994, pp. 2-3.
53. Ibid., p. 3; Forum Keadilan, 14 October 1993, p. 21.
54. Ibid., p. 3; Forum Keadilan, 14 October 1993, p. 21.
55. Suara Pembaruan, 30 November 1993; Merdeka, 22 June 1992.
56. Suara Pembaruan, 30 November 1993; Merdeka, 22 June 1992.
57. Personal communication, Greg Fealy, 27 November 1996.
58. Forum Keadilan, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 20 January 1994, p. 22; Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 16 December 1993, p. 20; 13 January 1994, pp. 24-25; Inside Indonesia, March 1994, pp. 2-4; Tempo, 25 December 1993, pp. 14-16; The Australian, 31 December 1993, p. 9; 23 January 1995, p. 14.
59. Forum Keadilan, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 20 January 1994, p. 22; Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 16 December 1993, p. 20; 13 January 1994, pp. 24-25; Inside Indonesia, March 1994, pp. 2-4; Tempo, 25 December 1993, pp. 14-16; The Australian, 31 December 1993, p. 9; 23 January 1995, p. 14.
60. Forum Keadilan, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 20 January 1994, p. 22; Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 16 December 1993, p. 20; 13 January 1994, pp. 24-25; Inside Indonesia, March 1994, pp. 2-4; Tempo, 25 December 1993, pp. 14-16; The Australian, 31 December 1993, p. 9; 23 January 1995, p. 14.
61. Forum Keadilan, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 20 January 1994, p. 22; Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 16 December 1993, p. 20; 13 January 1994, pp. 24-25; Inside Indonesia, March 1994, pp. 2-4; Tempo, 25 December 1993, pp. 14-16; The Australian, 31 December 1993, p. 9; 23 January 1995, p. 14.
62. Forum Keadilan, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 20 January 1994, p. 22; Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 16 December 1993, p. 20; 13 January 1994, pp. 24-25; Inside Indonesia, March 1994, pp. 2-4; Tempo, 25 December 1993, pp. 14-16; The Australian, 31 December 1993, p. 9; 23 January 1995, p. 14.
63. Forum Keadilan, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 20 January 1994, p. 22; Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 16 December 1993, p. 20; 13 January 1994, pp. 24-25; Inside Indonesia, March 1994, pp. 2-4; Tempo, 25 December 1993, pp. 14-16; The Australian, 31 December 1993, p. 9; 23 January 1995, p. 14.
64. Forum Keadilan, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 20 January 1994, p. 22; Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 16 December 1993, p. 20; 13 January 1994, pp. 24-25; Inside Indonesia, March 1994, pp. 2-4; Tempo, 25 December 1993, pp. 14-16; The Australian, 31 December 1993, p. 9; 23 January 1995, p. 14.
65. Forum Keadilan, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 20 January 1994, p. 22; Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 16 December 1993, p. 20; 13 January 1994, pp. 24-25; Inside Indonesia, March 1994, pp. 2-4; Tempo, 25 December 1993, pp. 14-16; The Australian, 31 December 1993, p. 9; 23 January 1995, p. 14.
66. Forum Keadilan, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 20 January 1994, p. 22; Far Eastern Economic Review, 25 November 1993, pp. 25-26; 16 December 1993, p. 20; 13 January 1994, pp. 24-25; Inside Indonesia, March 1994, pp. 2-4; Tempo, 25 December 1993, pp. 14-16; The Australian, 31 December 1993, p. 9; 23 January 1995, p. 14.
67. See Richard Robison, "Indonesian Politics in 1993/94," in Indonesia Assessment 1994: Finance as a Key Sector in Indonesia's Development, ed. Ross H. McLeod (Canberra and Singapore: Australian National University; Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1995), p. 53.
68. Abdurrahman Wahid interviewed by Diane Martin on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Indian Pacific radio program, 26 October 1996.
69. My argument here owes a good deal to Benedict R. O'G. Anderson, "Cartoons and Monuments: The Evolution of Political Communication under the New Order," in Political Power and Communications in Indonesia, ed. Karl D. Jackson and Lucian W. Pye (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), pp. 282-321.
70. The Jakarta Post, 21 October 1995, via apakabar@clark.net, 6 November 1995.
71. I am indebted to Greg Fealy for this point.
72. The Jakarta Post, 1 February 1996.
73. See David Gutmann, Reclaimed Powers: Toward a New Psychology of Men and Women in Later Life (New York: Basic Books, 1987). A summary of his work may be found in Aging and Political Leadership, ed. Angus McIntyre (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1988), pp. 7-9.
74. See David Gutmann, Reclaimed Powers: Toward a New Psychology of Men and Women in Later Life (New York: Basic Books, 1987). A summary of his work may be found in Aging and Political Leadership, ed. Angus McIntyre (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1988), pp. 7-9.
75. Readers may wish to consult this statement in the original Indonesian. It is as follows: "Dia orang kuat. Inilah satu-satunya betina yang jantan" (Forum Keadilan, 12 February 1966, p. 100).
76. The Australian, 6 June 1996, p. 9.
77. See The Australian, 24 June 1996, pp. 1-2. See also Far Eastern Economic Review, 4 July 1996, pp. 14-15.
78. See The Australian, 24 June 1996, pp. 1-2. See also Far Eastern Economic Review, 4 July 1996, pp. 14-15.
79. The Sydney Morning Herald, 13 October 1996, via apakabar@clark .net.
80. "Pidato Politik Ketua Umum PDI Perjuangan Megawati Soekarnoputri di Jakarta pada tanggal 29 Juli 1999," Kompas on Line (http:// www.kompas.com), 30 July 1999, p. 10. In this context, Megawati also made passing reference to the people of East Timor, Irian Jaya, and Ambon.
81. See Robert May, Sex and Fantasy: Patterns of Male and Female Development (New York: Norton, 1980) and Amanda Sinclair, Doing Leadership Differently: Gender, Power and Sexuality in a Changing Business Culture (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1998).
82. See Robert May, Sex and Fantasy: Patterns of Male and Female Development (New York: Norton, 1980) and Amanda Sinclair, Doing Leadership Differently: Gender, Power and Sexuality in a Changing Business Culture (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1998).
83. The membership of the People's Consultative Assembly consisted of the 500 members of the Parliament (462 elected plus 38 appointed members; the latter coming from the armed forces), plus 135 regional and 65 group delegates. After the Assembly severed ties with East Timor, which provided it with four parliamentary members and five regional delegates, its membership dropped to 691.
84. The Economist, 30 October 1999, p. 27.