Silurian K-bentonites of the Dnestr Basin, Podolia, Ukraine

Journal of the Geological Society

Volumn 157, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 493-504

  Huff, Warren D ^a   Bergström, Stig M ^b   Kolata, Dennis R ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

K bentonite; Podolia; Silurian; Volcanism

Indexed keywords

BENTONITE; SILURIAN; VOLCANISM;

UKRAINE;

EID: 0034023501     PISSN: 00167649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/jgs.157.2.493     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. ALTANER, S.P. & BETHKE, C.M. 1989. Interlayer order in illite/smectite. American Mineralogist, 73, 766-774.
2. _, HOWER, J., WHITNEY, G. & ARONSON, J.L. 1984. Model for K-bentonite formation: Evidence from zoned K-bentonites in the disturbed belt, Montana. Geology, 12, 412-415.
3. ANDRÉ, L., HERTOGEN, J. & DEUTSCH, S. 1986. Ordovician-Silurian magmatic provinces in Belgium and the Caledonian orogeny in middle Europe. Geology, 14, 879-882.
4. ANWILLER, D.N. 1993. Illite/smectite formation and potassium mass transfer during burial diagenesis of mudrocks: A study from the Texas Gulf Coast Paleocene-Eocene. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 63, 501-512.
5. BATCHELOR, R.A. & WEIR, J.A. 1988. Metabentonite geochemistry: magmatic cycles and graptolite extinctions at Dob's Linn, southern Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 79, 19-41.
6. BERGSTRÖM, S.M. 1980. Conodonts as paleotemperature tools in Ordovician rocks of the Caledonides and adjacent areas in Scandinavia and the British Isles. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar (GFF), 102, 377-392.
7. _, HUFF, W.D. & KOLATA, D.R. 1992. Silurian K-bentonites in the Iapetus Region: A preliminary event-stratigraphic and tectonomagmatic assessment. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 114, 327-334.
8. _, _ & _ 1998a. Early Silurian (Llandoverian) K-bentonites discovered in the southern Appalachian thrust belts, eastern USA: Stratigraphy, geochemistry, and tectonomagmatic and paleogeographic implications. GFF, 120, 149-158.
9. _, _ & _ 1998b. The Lower Silurian Osmundsberg K-bentonite. Part I: Stratigraphic position, distribution, and palaeogeographic significance. Geological Magazine, 135, 1-13.
10. BERGSTRÖM, S.M., HUFF, W.D., KOLATA, D.R. & MELCHIN, M.J. 1997. Occurrence and significance of Silurian K-bentonite beds at Arisaig, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 34, 1630-1643.
11. BETHKE, C.M., VERGO, N. & ALTANER, S.P. 1986. Pathways of smectite illitization. Clays and Clay Minerals, 34, 125-135.
12. BOHOR, B.F. & TRIPLEHORN, D.M. 1993. Tonsteins: altered volcanic-ash in coal-bearing sequences. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 285.
13. BRUSEWITZ, A.M. 1988. Asymmetric zonation of a thick Ordovician K-bentonite bed at Kinnekulle, Sweden. Clays and Clay Minerals, 36, 349-353.
14. CAREY, S. & SIGURDSSON, H. 1989. The intensity of plinian eruptions. Bulletin of Volcanology, 51, 28-40.
15. CAVE, R. & LOYDELL, D.K. 1998. Wenlock volcanism in the Welsh Basin. Geological Journal, 33, 107-120.
16. DRYGANT, D.M. 1983. History of Previous Research of the Silurian of Podolia. In: SOKOLOV, B.S. (ed.) The Silurian of Podolia. Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev, 60-61.
17. ESSENE, E.J. & PEACOR, D.R. 1995. Clay mineral thermometry - a critical review. Clays and Clay Minerals, 43, 540-553.
18. FORTEY, N.J., MERRIMAN, R.J. & HUFF, W.D. 1996. Silurian and late Ordovician K-bentonites as a record of late Caledonian volcanism in the British Isles. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 86, 167-180.
19. FREED, R.L. & PEACOR, D.R. 1989. Variability in temperature of the smectite/ illite reaction in Gulf Coast sediments. Clay Minerals, 24, 171-180.
20. GRITSENKO, V.P., DRYGANT, D.M., ISHCHENKO, A.A., KONSTANTINENKO, L.I. & TSEGELNJUK, P.D. 1983. The local Silurian scheme of Podolia. In: SOKOLOV, B.S. (ed.) The Silurian of Podolia. Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev, 61-71.
21. HILDRETH, W., HALLIDAY, A.N. & CHRISTIANSEN, R.L. 1991. Isotopic and chemical evidence concerning the genesis and contamination of basaltic and rhyolitic magma beneath the Yellow Plateau volcanic field. Journal of Petrology, 32, 63-138.
22. HOFFMAN, J. & HOWER, J. 1979. Clay mineral assemblages as low grade metamorphic geothermometers: application to the thrust faulted distrubed belt of Montana, U.S.A. In: SCHOLLE, P.A. & SCHLUGER. P.R. (eds) Aspects of Diagenesis. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publications 26, Tulsa, 55-79.
23. HUANG, W.-L., LONGO, J.M. & PEVEAR, D.R. 1993. An experimentally derived kinetic model for smectite-to-illite conversion and its use as a geothermometer. Clays and Clay Minerals, 41, 162-177
24. HUFF, W.D., ANDERSON, T.B., RUNDLE, C.C. & ODIN, G.S. 1991. Chemostratigraphy, K-Ar ages and illitization of Silurian K-bentonites from the Central Belt of the Southern Uplands-Down-Longford Terrane, British Isles. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 148, 861-868.
25. _, BERGSTRÖM, S.M., KOLATA, D.R. & SUN, H. 1998. The Lower Silurian Osmundsberg K-bentonite. Part II: Mineralogy, geochemistry, chemostratigraphy, and tectonomagmatic significance. Geological Magazine, 135, 15-26.
26. _, KOLATA, D.R., BERGSTRÖM, S.M. & ZHANG, Y.-S. 1996. Large-magnitude Middle Ordovician volcanic ash falls in North America and Europe: dimensions, emplacement and post-emplacement characteristics. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 73, 285-301.
27. _, MERRIMAN, R.J., MORGAN, D.J. & ROBERTS, B. 1993. Distribution and tectonic setting of Ordovician K-bentonites in the United Kingdom. Geological Magazine, 130, 93-100.
28. _, MORGAN, D.J. & RUNDLE, C.C. 1997. Silurian K-bentonites of the Welsh Borderlands: Geochemistry, mineralogy and K-Ar ages of illitization. British Geological Survey, Report WG/96/45.
29. IZETT, G.A. 1981. Volcanic ash beds: Recorders of Upper Cenozoic silicic pyroclastic volcanism in the western United States. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, 10200-10222.
30. JAKES, P. & WHITE, A.J.R. 1972. Major and trace element abundances in volcanic rocks of orogenic areas. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 83, 29-40.
31. JEPPSSON, L. 1997. A new latest Telychian, Sheinwoodian and Early Homerian (Early Silurian) Standard Conodont Zonation. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 88, 91-114.
32. _ 1998. Silurian oceanic events: summary of general characteristics. In: LANDING, E. & JOHNSON, M. E. (eds) Silurian Cycles: Linkages of Dynamic Stratigraphy with Atmospheric, Oceanic and Tectonic Changes. New York State Museum Bulletin, 491, 239-257.
33. KOLATA, D.R., HUFF, W.D. & BERGSTRÖM, S.M. 1996. Ordovician K-bentonites of eastern North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper 313.
34. KOREN', T.N., ABUSHIK, A.F., MODZALEVSKAYA, T.L. & PREDTECHENSKY, N.N. 1989. Podolia. In: HOLLAND, C.H. & BASSETT, M.G. (eds) A Global Standard for The Silurian System. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, 141-149.
35. KREKELER, M.P.S. & HUFF, W.D. 1993. Occurrence of corrensite and ordered (R3) illite/smectite (I/S) in a VLGM Middle Ordovician K-bentonite from the Hamburg Klippe, central Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 25, 30.
36. MERRIMAN, R.J. & ROBERTS, B. 1990. Metabentonites in the Moffat Shale Group, Southern Uplands of Scotland: Geochemical evidence of ensialic marginal basin volcanism. Geological Magazine, 127, 259-271.
37. MOORE, D.M. & REYNOLDS, R.C. JR 1997. X-ray diffraction and the identification and analysis of clay minerals. Oxford University Press, 378.
38. NIKIFOROVA, O.I. 1977. Podolia. In: MARTINSSON, A. (ed.) The Silurian-Devonian boundary. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 52-64.
39. _ & PREDTECHENSKY, N.N. 1968. A guide to the geological excursion on Silurian and Lower Devonian deposits of Podolia (Middle Dnestr River). Ministry of Geology of the USSR, Leningrad.
40. PEARCE, J.A., HARRIS, N.B.W. & TINDLE, A.G. 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25, 956-983.
41. POLLASTRO, R.M. 1993. Considerations and applications of the illite/smectite geothermometer in hydrocarbon-bearing rocks of Miocene to Mississippian age. Clays and Clay Minerals, 41, 119-133.
42. RATEYEV, M.A. & GRADUSOV, B.P. 1970. A structural series of mixed-layer formations from the Ordovician-Silurian metabentonites of the Baltic area. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 194, 180-183.
43. REYNOLDS, R.C.J. 1985. NEWMOD: A computer program for the calculation of one-dimensional diffraction patterns of mixed-layer clays. R.C. Reynolds, 8 Brook Rd., Hanover, NH, 24.
44. ROBERTS, B. & MERRIMAN, R.J. 1990. Cambrian and Ordovician metabentonites and their relevance to the origins of associated mudrocks in the northern sector of the Lower Palaeozoic Welsh marginal basin. Geological Magazine, 127, 31-43.
45. ROSE, W.I. & CHESNER, CA. 1990. Worldwide dispersal of ash and gases from earth's largest known eruption: Toba, Sumatra, 75 ka. Palaeogeography, Palaeoctimatology, Palaeoecology, 89, 269-275.
46. SACHSENHOFER, R.F., RANTITSCH, G., HASENHÜTTL, C., RUSSEGGER, B. & JELEN, B. 1998. Smectite to illite diagenesis in early Miocene sediments from the hyperthermal western Pannonian Basin. Clay Minerals, 33, 523-537.
47. SANDERSON, R.W. & CAVE, R. 1990. Silurian volcanism in the central Welsh Borderland. Geological Magazine, 117, 455-462.
48. SENGÖR, A.M.C., NATAL'IN, B.A. & BURTMAN, V.S. 1993. Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Palaeozoic crustal growth in Eurasia. Nature, 364, 299-307.
49. SPARKS, R.S.J. & WILSON, L. 1976. A model for the formation of ignimbrite by gravitational column collapse. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 132, 441-451.
50. TAYLOR, S.R. & MCLENNAN, S.M. 1988. The significance of the rare earths in geochemistry and cosmochemistry. In: GSCHNEIDER, K.A. & EYRING, L. (eds) Handbook on the physics and chemistry of rare earths. Elsevier, New York, 485-578.
51. TEALE, C.T. & SPEARS, D.A. 1986. The mineralogy and origin of some Silurian bentonites, Welsh Borderland, U.K. Sedimentology, 33, 757-765.
52. TORSVIK, T.H. 1998. Palaeozoic palaeogeography: A North Atlantic viewpoint. GFF, 120, 109-118.
53. _, SMETHURST, M.A., MEERT, J.G., VAN DER VOO, R., MCKERROW, W.S., BRASIER, M.D., STURT, B.A. & WALDERHAUG, H.J. 1996. Continental break-up and collision in the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic - A tale of Baltica and Laurentia. Earth-Science Reviews, 40, 229-258.
54. TSEGELNJUK, P.D. 1980a. The Rukshin and Tsyganka Series (the Upper Silurian-Lower Devonian) of Podolia and Volyn'. Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev, 55.
55. _ 1980b. The Yaruga and Malinovtsy Series (the Lower-Upper Silurian) of Podolia and Volyn'. Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev.
56. _, GRITSENKO, V.P., KONSTANTINENKO, L.I., ISHCHENKO, A.A. & DRYGANT, D.M. 1983. Stratigraphical excursion. In: SOKOLOV, B.S. (ed.) The Silurian of Podolia. Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev, 71-82.
57. TURNER, J.S. 1935. Gotlandian vulcanicity in Western Europe. Geological Magazine, 72, 145-151.
58. VELDE, B. & ESPITALIÉ, J. 1989. Comparison of kerogen maturation and illite/smectite composition in diagenesis. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 12, 103-110.
59. VERNIERS, J. & VAN GROOTEL, G. 1991. Review of the Silurian in the Brabant Massif, Belgium. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique, 114, 163-193.
60. WALKER, G.P.L. 1980. The Taupo pumice: Product of the most powerful known (ultraplinian) eruption? Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 8, 69-94.
61. _ 1981. Generation and dispersal of fine ash and dust by volcanic eruptions. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 11, 81-92.
62. WINCHESTER, J.A. & FLOYD, P.A. 1977. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology, 20, 325-343.