The unreliability of clinical measures of muscle tone: Implications for stroke therapy

Age and Ageing

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 229-233

  Pomeroy, Valerie M ^a   Dean, David ^a   Sykes, Laura ^a   Faragher, E Brian ^b   Yates, Martin ^a   Tyrrell, Pippa J ^b   Moss, Sylvia ^a   Tallis, Raymond C ^a  

^a HOPE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Muscle tone; Physical therapy; Rehabilitation; Reliability; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELBOW; EXTENSOR MUSCLE; FLEXOR MUSCLE; HUMAN; KNEE; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); MUSCLE TONE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REHABILITATION; RELIABILITY; SCORING SYSTEM; STROKE;

EID: 0034023463     PISSN: 00020729     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/29.3.229     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Bobath B. Adult Hemiplegia: evaluation and treatment. 3rd edition. London: Heinemann Medical Books, 1990.
2. Edwards S. An analysis of normal movement as the basis for the development of treatment techniques. In Edwards S ed. Neurological Physiotherapy: a problem-solving approach. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1996.
3. Haas BM. Measuring spasticity: a survey of current practice among health-care professionals. BrJ Ther Rehab 1994; 1: 90-5.
4. O'Dwyer NJ, Ada L, Neilson PD. Spasticity and muscle contracture following stroke. Brain 1996; 119: 1737-49.
5. Bohannon RW, Smith MB Interrater reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther 1987; 67: 206-7.
6. Sloan RL, Sinclair E, Thompson J et al. Inter-rater reliability of the modified Ashworth Scale for spasticity in hemiplegic patients. Int J Rehabil Res 1992; 15: 158-61.
7. Allison SC, Abraham LD, Petersen CL. Reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale in the assessment of plantar flexor muscle spasticity in patients with traumatic brain injury Int J Rehabil Res 1996; 19: 67-78.
8. Haas BM, Bergstrom E, Jamous A et al. The inter-rater reliability of the original and of the Modified Ashworth Scale for the assessment of spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1996; 34: 560-4.
9. Ashworth B. Preliminary trial of carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner 1964; 192: 540-2.
10. Lee KC, Carson L, Kinnin E et al. The Ashworth Scale: a reliable and reproducible method of measuring spasticity. J Neuro Rehab 1989; 3: 205-9.
11. Peacock WJ, Staudt LA. Functional outcomes following selective posterior rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy. J Neurosurg 1991; 74: 380-5.
12. Dickstein R, Hocherman S, Pillar T et al. Stroke rehabilitation. Three exercise therapy approaches Phys Ther 1986; 66: 1233-8.
13. Stephenson RC. A survey of the assessment and grading of spasticity by physiotherapists in the Yorkshire Region. Synapse 1996 (Spring).
14. Dunn G. Design and Analysis of Reliability Studies: statistical evaluation of measurement errors. New York: Oxford University Press. 1989.
15. Davidoff RA. Skeletal muscle tone and the misunderstood stretch reflex. Neurology 1992; 42: 951-63.
16. Prochazka A, Bennett DJ, Stephens MJ et al. Measurement of rigidity in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 1997; 12: 24-32.
17. Cornell C. Self-propelling wheelchairs: the effects on spasticity in hemiplegic patients. Physiother Theory Pract 1991; 7: 13-21.
18. Taylor BA, Ellis E, Haran D. The reliability of measurement of postural alignment to assess muscle tone change. Physiotherapy 1995; 81: 485-90.