French belt boulevards

Urban Morphology

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 3-8

  Darin, Michaël ^a  

^a Ecole d'Architecture de Versailles   (France)

Author keywords

Boulevards; France; Fringe belts; Planning; Promenades

Indexed keywords

ARCHITECTURE; URBAN DESIGN; URBAN PLANNING;

FRANCE;

EID: 0034021753     PISSN: 10274278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Poëte, M. (1929) Introduction à l'urbanisme (Boivin, Paris).
2. Lavedan, P. (1982) Histoire de l'urbanisme. La Renaissance et les Temps modernes, (Arts et Métiers graphiques, Paris) rev. edn.
3. The grant was specifically provided by the Mission de l'Architecture de l'Aménagement et du Patrimoine Urbain.
4. The following people took part in this study: François Bodet, Anne Calvet, Marilyne Doutre, Valérie Fouque, Pascale Francisco, Agnès Fuzibet, Paulette Girard, Marie-Paule Halgand, Jean-Louis Kerouanton, Michèle Lambert, Olivier Micaud and Isabel Roux.
5. Darin M. (ed.) (1998) Les boulevards circulaires (Ecole d'Architecture de Versailles/Ville Recherche Diffusion, Versailles).
6. The basis for this is provided in Châtelet, A.-M., Darin, M. and Monod, C. 'Formation et transformations des Grands Boulevards', which will appear in the catalogue of an exhibition on the Grands Boulevards which will take place in Paris in May 2000.
7. Some public buildings were originally related to the wall (a well known case is the remains in Nîmes of the Roman Maison Carrée and amphitheatre. Others were built in association with the boulevard: for instance, theatres (e.g. at Moulins, Nîmes and Orléans) and railway stations (e.g. at Tours and Avignon).
8. Brive-la-Gaillarde, which was not part of this study, illustrates the same phenomenon.
9. Conzen, M.R.G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis. Institute of British Geographers Publication 27 (George Philip, London), 64.
10. Ibid., 58.
11. 'The fringe-belt concept is arguably the most important single contribution to urban morphology to arise out of the German morphogenetic tradition': Whitehand, J.W.R. (1987) The changing face of cities: a study of development cycles and urban form, Institute of British Geographers Special Publication 21 (Blackwell, Oxford), 76.
12. Conzen, op. cit. (note 9), 59.
13. Whitehand, op. cit. (note 11), 77.
14. Panerai actually refers to a notion used by Henri Lefebvre: cf. Panerai, Ph., Depaule, J.-Ch., Demorgon, M. and Veyrenche, M. (1980) Eléments d'analyse urbaine (Archives de l'Architecture Moderne, Bruxelles).
15. Darin, M. (1989) L'idée du Boulevard Saint-Germain (Ecole d'Architecture de Nantes/Bureau de la Recherche Architecturale/Ville Recherche Diffusion, Versailles).
16. I am particularly grateful to Jeremy Whitehand who suggested that I look again at Conzen's notion of the fringe belt, an idea which helped me to use the paper that I presented at the ISUF conference in July 1999 as the basis for this article.
17. Whitehand, J.W.R. (1988) 'Urban fringe belts: development of an idea', Planning Perspectives 3, 47-58.