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1
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0032921429
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Ureteric injury: Diagnosis, management and outcome
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1 Ghali AMA, El Malik EMA, Ibrahim AIA, Ismail G, Rashid MR. Ureteric injury: diagnosis, management and outcome. J Trauma 1999; 46:150-158. A good and detailed review is presented of 40 ureteric injuries (excluding endourological injuries), albeit a retrospective one with a mean follow up of 2 years. As with some recent reports, this paper shows that primary open repair did not increase the complication rate as compared with staged repair in patients with delayed diagnosis. Because the cases were not randomized, however, patient selection may be the critical factor in the two groups and is probably an important factor for minimizing complications.
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J Trauma
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Ghali, A.M.A.1
El Malik, E.M.A.2
Ibrahim, A.I.A.3
Ismail, G.4
Rashid, M.R.5
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2
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Iatrogenic ureteral injuries: A 20 year experience in treating 165 injuries
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2 Selzman AA, Spirnak JP. Iatrogenic ureteral injuries: a 20 year experience in treating 165 injuries. J Urol 1996; 155:878-881.
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Selzman, A.A.1
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Ureteral injury in gynecology surgery. A ten year review in a community hospital
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3 Goodna JA, Powers TW, Harris VD. Ureteral injury in gynecology surgery. A ten year review in a community hospital. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 172:1817-1820.
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Goodna, J.A.1
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4 Witters S, Cornelissen M, Vereecken R. Iatrogenic ureteral injury: aggressive or conservative treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155:582-584.
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Changing incidence and etiology of iatrogenic ureteral injuries
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6 Assimos DG, Patterson LC, Taylor CL. Changing incidence and etiology of iatrogenic ureteral injuries. J Urol 1994; 152:2240-2246.
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Assimos, D.G.1
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Injuries of the ureter due to external violence
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7 Walker JA. Injuries of the ureter due to external violence. J Urol 1969; 102:410-13.
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8 Presti JC, Carroll PR, McAninch JW. Ureteral and renal pelvic injuries from external trauma: diagnosis and treatment. J Trauma 1989; 29:370-74.
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9 Campbell EW, Filderman PS, Jacobs SC. Ureteral injury due to blunt and penetrating trauma. Urology 1992; 40:216-20.
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Campbell, E.W.1
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Ureteral injuries due to external violence: 10 years experience with 59 cases
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10 Bright TC, Peters PC. Ureteral injuries due to external violence: 10 years experience with 59 cases. J Trauma 1977; 17:616-20.
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Penetrating ureteral trauma at an urban trauma centre: 10 year experience
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11 Palmer LS, Rosenbaum RR, Gershbaum MD, Kreutzer ER. Penetrating ureteral trauma at an urban trauma centre: 10 year experience. Urology 1999; 54:34-36. This study showed the importance and difficulty of early diagnosis of ureteric injury secondary to ureteric trauma.
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Palmer, L.S.1
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12
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Penetrating ureteric injuries
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12 Azimuddin K, Milanesa D, Ivatury R, Porter J, Ephrenpreis M, Allman DB. Penetrating ureteric injuries. Injury 1998; 29:363-367. This is another study that reinforced the need for immediate exploration of the ureter in cases of penetrating injuries in which ureteric injury is suspected. It emphasizes the importance of mobilizing at least 5 cm of ureter from the site of retroperitoneal violation and of a high index of suspicion.
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Injury
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Azimuddin, K.1
Milanesa, D.2
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Allman, D.B.6
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13
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Ureteral trauma: Pre-operative studies neither predict nor prevent missed injuries
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13 Medina D, Lavery R, Ross SE, Livingston DH. Ureteral trauma: pre-operative studies neither predict nor prevent missed injuries. J Am Coll Surg 1998; 186:641-644. This study confirms what has been suspected for a long time.
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Medina, D.1
Lavery, R.2
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15
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0031986438
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Ureteropelvic junction disruption secondary to blunt trauma: Excretory phase imaging (delayed films) should help prevent a missed diagnosis
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15 Mulligan JM, Cagiannos I, Collins JP, Millward SF. Ureteropelvic junction disruption secondary to blunt trauma: excretory phase imaging (delayed films) should help prevent a missed diagnosis. J Urol 1998; 159:67-70. This is another study that shows the poor diagnostic rate of intravenous urography in traumatic ureteric injuries. They suggested carrying out delayed computed tomography scans (after 8 min), which can help identify features of ureteropelvic disruptions that are often missed on standard computed protocols in blunt trauma.
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J Urol
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Mulligan, J.M.1
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16
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Blunt ureteropelvic junction disruption
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16 Powell MA, Nicholas JM, Davis JW. Blunt ureteropelvic junction disruption. J Trauma 1999; 47:186-189. This small series of three cases highlights the need to consider ureteropelvic junction disruption in blunt trauma involving hyperextension in rapid deceleration injuries or falls of greater than 20 feet.
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J Trauma
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Powell, M.A.1
Nicholas, J.M.2
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17
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Three-dimensional endoluminal ultrasonography of the ureter
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17 Bagley DH, Liu JB. Three-dimensional endoluminal ultrasonography of the ureter. J Endourol 1998; 12:411-416. This paper presents another option for three-dimensional imaging of the ureter. Although invasive, it allows the appreciation of the extent of periureteric pathology. As a tool in its infancy, its role in a clinical setting is yet to be defined. Its ability to see beyond the mucosal surface promises a greater potential than is evident now. We await more clinical studies in this direction.
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J Endourol
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Bagley, D.H.1
Liu, J.B.2
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Early repair of iatrogenic injury to the ureter or bladder after gynaecological surgery
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19 Blandy JP, Badenoch DF, Fowler CG, Jenkins BJ, Thomas NWM. Early repair of iatrogenic injury to the ureter or bladder after gynaecological surgery. J Urol 1991; 146:761-765.
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20 Badenoch DF, Tiptaft RC, Fowler CG, Blandy JP. Early repair of accidental injury to the ureter or bladder following gynaecological surgery. Br J Urol 1987; 59:516-518.
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The psoas bladder hitch procedure for the replacement of the lower third of the ureter
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21 Turner-Warwick RT, Worth PHL. The psoas bladder hitch procedure for the replacement of the lower third of the ureter. Br J Urol 1969; 41(6):701-9.
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23 Ockerblad NF. Reimplantation of the ureter into the bladder by a flap method. J Urol 1947; 57:845.
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24 Benson MC, Ring KS, Olsson CA. Ureteral reconstruction and bypass: experience with ileal interposition, Boari flap-psoas hitch and autotransplantation. J Urol 1990; 143:20-3.
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Use of a posterior Boari flap in ureteral replacement
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25 Braslis KG. Use of a posterior Boari flap in ureteral replacement. Aust N Z J Surg 1998; 68:301-303. A novel way of obtaining adequate ureteral length and providing an antireflux mechanism is presented. The need to preserve the contralateral superior vesical artery for the flap may limit its use as compared to the anterior Boari flap-psoas hitch combination where the contralateral side of the bladder can be mobilized extensively. A long remnant distal ureter may be a good indication.
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Braslis, K.G.1
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26
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0031930332
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The use of bladder for total transplant ureteral reconstruction
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3 bladder is available. Reflux was less of a problem than was initially thought, except in those patients with a pyelovesical anastomosis. These were controlled with long-term antibiotics.
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J Urol
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Del Pizzo, J.J.1
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Long-term results with renal autotransplantation for ureteral replacement
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27 Bodie B, Novick AC, Rose M, Straffon RA. Long-term results with renal autotransplantation for ureteral replacement. J Urol 1986; 136:1187-1889.
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Renal autotransplantation and pyelocystostomy for the treatment of urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract
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28 Kardar AH, Lindstedt EM, Peracha A, Shaibani K. Renal autotransplantation and pyelocystostomy for the treatment of urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract. J Urol 1998; 159:195. This paper presents an alternative to ureteric replacement, especially for patients with poor renal function, which limits the use of bowel in select cases.
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J Urol
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Kardar, A.H.1
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29 Ehrlich RM, Skinner DG. Complications of transureteroureterostomy. J Urol 1975; 113:467-473.
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30 Hendren WH, Hensle TW. Transureteroureterostomy: experience with 75 cases. J Urol 1980; 123:826-833.
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31 Udall DA, Hodges CV, Pearse HM, Burns AB. Transureteroureterostomy: experience in paediatric patients. Urology 1973; 2:401-404.
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Transureteroureterostomy: 25 year experience with 100 patients
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32 Hodges CV, Barry JM, Fuchs EF, Pearse HD, Tank ES. Transureteroureterostomy: 25 year experience with 100 patients. J Urol 1980; 123:834-8.
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33 Noble JG, Lee KT, Mundy AR. Transureteroureterostomy: a review of 253 cases. Br J Urol 1997; 79:20-23.
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34 Desgrandchamps F, Paulhac P, Fornairon S, de Kerviller E, Duboust A, Teillac P, Le Duc A. Artificial ureteral replacement for ureteral necrosis after renal transplantation: report of 3 cases. J Urol 1998; 159:1830-1832. This is an excellent paper, and is one of the few that reported good results (good function and no significant complications at a mean of 2.5 years follow up) using artificial ureters for reconstruction. No problems of encrustation were noted. This was thought to be the result of the large internal diameter of the silicone-polytetrafluoroethylene bonded tubes used. This technique is a good alternative for ureteral necrosis after renal transplantation in selected cases in whom the risk of compromise to graft function during open surgical reconstruction is high. An antimicrobial coated stent is being evaluated. Longer term follow up is eagerly awaited.
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J Urol
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Desgrandchamps, F.1
Paulhac, P.2
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35 Thorne ID, Resnick MI. The use of bowel in urologic surgery: a historícal perpective. Urol Clin North Am 1986; 13:179-191.
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36 Boxer RJ, Fritzsche P, Skinner DG, Kaufman JJ, Belt E, Smith RB, Goodwin WE. Replacement of the ureter by small intestine: clinical application and results of the ileal ureter in 89 patients. J Urol 1979; 121:728-731.
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Boxer, R.J.1
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Segmental replacement of the ureter using tapered and nontapered ileum
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38 Waters WB, Whitmore WF, Lage AL, Gittes RF. Segmental replacement of the ureter using tapered and nontapered ileum. Invest Urol 1981; 18:258-261.
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39 Shokeir AA, Gnoeim MA. Further experience with the modified ileal ureter. J Urol 1995; 159:45-48.
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40 Shokeir AA. Interposition of ileum in the ureter: a clinical study with long-term follow-up. Br J Urol 1997; 79:324-327.
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41 Gosalbez JR, Gousse AE. Reconstruction and undiversion of the short or severely dilated ureter: the antireflux ileal nipple revisited. J Urol 1998; 159(2):530-534. A simple and effective antireflux mechanism without the problems of foreign materials is presented. Nipple stenosis may be a problem.
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42 Mesrobian HG, Azizkhan RG. Pyeloureterostomy with appendiceal interposition. J Urol 1989; 142(5): 1288-1289.
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43 Goldfischer ER, Stravodimos KG, Jabbour ME, Klima WJ, Anderson A, Smith AD. Acute ureteral elongation in two animal models using a balloon expander. J Endourology 1999; 13:245-250. A novel way of obtaining adequate ureteral length is described in animal models. Its use may be limited in the pathological ureter in the human, in which ischaemia and periureteral fibrosis may present an obstacle to elongation that is not evident in the animal models. Upper ureteric defects with good remnant ureteric tissue may be a potential indication, but risk of ischaemic necrosis and subsequent complications may discourage many from its use. Lower ureteral lesions are probably better served by ureteroneocystostomies.
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46 Sieben DM, Howerton L, Amin M, Holt H, Lich RJ. The role of ureteral stenting in the management of surgical injury of the ureter. J Urol 1978; 199:330-331.
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