Intra-operative spinal cord monitoring in orthopaedics

Spinal Cord

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 133-139

  Macri S ^a   De Monte, A ^a   Greggi, T ^b   Parisini, P ^b   Zanoni, A ^a   Merlini, L ^a  

^a RIZZOLI ORTHOPAEDIC INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^b Department of Spinal Surgery ^*  (Italy)

Author keywords

Intra operative monitoring; Neurologic complications; Somatosensory evoked potentials; Spinal surgery

Indexed keywords

EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; EVOKED SOMATOSENSORY RESPONSE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; METHODOLOGY; NERVE FUNCTION; NERVE ROOT; NERVE STIMULATION; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT MONITORING; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUDENDAL NERVE; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD; SPINE MALFORMATION; SPINE SURGERY;

EID: 0034019087     PISSN: 13624393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3100973     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. 1 MacEwen GD, Bunnel WP, Sriram K. Acute neurological complicalions in the treatment of scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 1975; 57: 404-408.
2. 2 Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Major Intra-operative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients. Incidence and etiology at one institution. Spine 1998; 23: 324-331.
3. 3 Vauzuelle C, Stagnara P, Jouvinroux P. Functional monitoring of spinal cord activity during spinal surgery. Clin Orthop 1973; 93: 173-178.
4. 4 Padberg AM, Wilson-Holden TJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Somatosensory and motor evoked potential monitoring without a wake-up test during idiopathic scoliosis surgery. Spine 1992; 23: 1392-1400.
5. 5 Hoppenfeld S, Gross A, Andrews C, Lonner B. The ankle clonus test for assessment of the integrity of the spinal cord during operations for scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1997; 79: 208-212.
6. 6 Kondo M. Clinical study of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in orthopaedic surgery. Int Orthop 1977; 1: 9-15.
7. 7 McCallun JE, Bennett MH. Electrophysiologic monitoring of spinal cord function during intraspinal surgery. Surg Forum 1975; 26: 469-471.
8. 8 Nash CL, Schatzinger L, Lorig R. Intra-operative monitoring of spinal cord function during scoliosis spine surgery. Paper presented in the ninth annual meeting of the Scoliosis Research Society. San Francisco, California. September 11 13, 1974. J Bone Joint Surg 1974; 56: 1765.
9. 9 Nash CL, Lorig LA, Schatzinger LA, Brown RW. Spinal cord monitoring during operative treatment of the spine. Clin Orthop 1977; 126: 100-105.
10. 10 Dawson GD. Cerebral response to electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve in man. J Neural Neurosurg Psychiatry 1947; 10: 137-140.
11. 11 Nuwer MR. Somatosensory evoked potentials for Intra-operative monitoring of spinal cord function. American Academy of Neurology congress book, Seattle, May 6-13, 1995, p 3.
12. 12 Dorfman LJ, Perkash I, Bosley TM, Cummins KL. Use of cerebral evoked potentials to evaluate spinal somatosensory functions in patients with traumatic and surgical myelopathies. J Neurosurg 1980; 52: 654-660.
13. 13 Chen Li, Houlden DA, Rowed DW. Somatosensory evoked potentials and neurological grade as predictor of outcome in acute spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg 1990; 72: 600-609.
14. 14 American Electroencephalographic Society: Guidelines for clinical evoked potential studies. J Clin Neurophysiol 1984; 1: 3-53.
15. 15 Perlik SJ, Fisher MA. Somatosensory evoked response evaluation of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Muscle Nerve 1987; 10: 481-489.
16. 16 Nuwer MR, Carlson LG. A multicentre survey of spinal cord monitoring outcome. In: Jones SJ, Boyd S, Hetreed M, Smith NJ. (eds). Handbook of spinal cord monitoring. London Kluwer 1992, pp 72-87.
17. 17 Jasper HH. Report of committee on methods of clinical examination in EEG. Appendix: the ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophisyol 1958; 10: 371-378.
18. 18 Owen JH, Sponseller PD, Szymanski J, Hurdle M. Efficacy of multimodality spinal cord monitoring during surgery for neuromuscular scoliosis. Spine 1995; 20: 1480-1488.
19. 19 Clark DL, Rosner BS. Neurophysiologic effects of general anesthetics. Anesthesiology 1973; 88: 564-582.
20. 20 Koht A. Anesthesia influence on recording: summary. In: Ducker TB and Brown RH (eds). Neurophysiology and Standards of Spinal Cord Monitoring. Springer-Verlag: New York 1988, pp 187-188.
21. 21 Owen JB et al. Sensitivity and specificity of somatosensory and neurogenic motor evoked potentials in animals and humans. Spine 1988; 13: 1111-1118.
22. 22 Laschinger JC et al. Direct non-invasive monitoring of spinal cord function during thoracic aortic occlusion: use of motor evoked potentials. J Vasc Surg 1988; 7: 161-171.
23. 23 Ueta T, Owen JH, Sugioka Y. Effect of compression on physiologic integrity of the spinal cord, on circulation, and clinical status in four different directions of compression: posterior, anterior, circumferential, and lateral. Spine 1992; 17: 217-226.
24. 24 Ben-David B. Spinal cord monitoring. Orthopaed Clin North Am 1998; 19: 427-448.
25. 25 Noordeen MH et al. Spinal cord monitoring in operation for neuromuscular scoliosis. J Bone Join Surg Br 1997; 79: 57-53.
26. 26 Brown RH, Nash CL, Berilla JA, Amaddio MD. Cortical evoked potential monitoring. Spine 1984; 9: 256-261.
27. 27 Grundy BL. Evoked potential monitoring. In: Blitt CD (ed). Monitoring in Anesthesia and Critical Care in Medicine. Churchill Livingstone: New York 1985, pp 345-311.
28. 28 Ryan TP, Britt RH. Spinal and cortical somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during corrective spinal surgery with patients. Spine 1986; 11: 352-361.
29. 29 Tamaki T. Intra-operative spinal cord monitoring with the spinal evoked potential. In: Bradford BS, Ensinger R. (ed). The Pediatric Spine. Thieme: New York 1985; 472-479.
30. 30 York DH, Chabot RJ, Gaines RW. Response variability of somatosensory evoked potentials during scoliosis surgery. Spine 1987; 12: 864-876.
31. 31 Young W, Sakatani K. Neurophysiological mechanism of somatosensory evoked potential changes in neural monitoring. In: Salzman SK (ed). The prevention of Intra-operative injury. Humana Press: Clifton 1988. pp 115-148.
32. 32 Herring JA et al. Segmental spine instrumentation a review of early results and complications. Orthop Trans 1984; 8: 172-178.
33. 33 Lesser RP et al. Postoperative neurological deficits may occur despite unchanged Intra-operative somatosensory evoked potentials. Ann Neurol 1986; 19: 22-25.
34. 34 Levy WJ et al. Intra-operative evoked potential monitoring: A report of 57 cases. Presented at the 31st annual meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Los Angeles, CA, Oct. 1981, 18-23.
35. 35 Zaleske DJ et al. Spinal deformity in a case of mediastinal neuroblastoma: its treatment including somatosensory evoked potentials during anterior decompression. J Pediatr Orthop 1982; 2: 416-422.
36. 36 Nuwer MR et al. Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring reduces neurologic deficit after scoliosis surgery: results of a large multicenter survey. Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin 1995; 96: 6-11.
37. 37 Merton PA, Morton HB. Stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the intact human subject. Nature 1980, 22: 285-287.
38. 38 Machida M, Kimura J, Yanada T, Yarita M. Magnetic coil stimulation of the spinal cord in the dog. Spine 1992; 17: 1405-1408.
39. 39 Konrad P, Owen JH, Bridwell KH. Magnetic simulation of the spine to produce lower extremity EMG responses: significance of coil position and the presence of bone. Spine 1994; 19: 2812-2818.
40. 40 Nagle KJ et al. Intra-operative monitoring of motor evoked potentials: a review of 116 cases. Neurology 1996; 47: 999-1004.
41. 41 Owen JB et al. The clinical application of neurogenic motor evoked potentials to monitor spinal cord function during surgery. Spine 1991; 7: 385-390.
42. 42 Owen JB, Naito M, Bridwell KH. Relationship among level of distraction, evoked potentials, spinal cord ischemia and integrity in clinical status and in animals. Spine, 1990; 15: 852-857.
43. 43 Cohen BA, Hulzengar BA. Dermatomal monitoring for surgical correction of spondylolisthesis: a case report. Spine 1988; 13: 1125-1130.
44. 44 Tolekis JR, Carlvin AO, Shapiro DE, Shafer MF. The use of dermatomal evoked responses during surgical procedures that use intrapedicular fixation of the lumbosacral spine. Spine 1988; 18: 2401-2407.
45. 45 Cohen BA, Major MR, Huizenga BA. Predictability of adequacy of spinal root decompression using evoked potentials. Spine 1991; 16: 379-384.
46. 46 Owen JH et al. Clinical correlation between degenerative spine disease and dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials in humans. Spine 1991; 16: 201-205.
47. 47 Tsay RJ et al. Intra-operative dermatomal evoked potential monitoring fails to predict outcome from lumbar decompression surgery. Spine 1997; 22: 1970-1975.
48. 48 Owen JH et al. The use of mechanically elicited EMGs to protect nerve roots during surgery for spinal degeneration. Spine 1994; 19: 1704-1710.
49. 49 Calancie BJ, Lebwohl N, Madsen P, Klose KJ. Intra-operative evoked EMG monitoring in animal model. Spine 1992; 17: 1229-1235.
50. 50 Cohen BA, Major MR, Huizenga BA. Pudendal nerve evoked potential monitoring in procedures involving low sacral fixation. Spine 1991; 16: 375-378.
51. 51 Curt A, Dietz V. Electrophysiological recording in patients with spinal cord injury: significance for predicting outcome. Spinal Cord 1999; 37: 157-165.
52. 52 Fowler CJ. Clinical significance of electrophysiological studies of patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn 1992; 11: 279-282.
53. 53 Scoliosis Research Society position statement. Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring of neurologic spinal cord function during spinal surgery. Scoliosis Research Society, Kansas City, Missouri, September 1992.
54. 54 Forbes HJ et al. Spinal cord monitoring in scoliosis surgery. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1991; 73: 487-491.
55. 55 Laschinger JC et al. Detection and prevention of Intra-operative spinal cord ischemia after cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta: use of somatosensory evoked potentials. Surgery 1982; 92: 1109-1117.
56. 56 Haghighi SS, Oro GG. Effect of hypovolemic hypotensive shock on somatosensory and motor evoked potentials. Neurosurgery 1989; 24: 246-252.
57. 57 Fischer RS, Raudzens P, Nunemacher M. Efficacy of Intra-operative neurophysiological monitoring. J Clin Neurophysiol 1995; 12: 97-109.