Standards and measurement

Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 26, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2000, Pages

  Preston, R C ^a  

^a NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT; HYDROPHONES; MEASUREMENTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; STANDARDS;

MEDICAL ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS; PLANE WAVE ULTRASONIC WAVE;

ULTRASONIC APPLICATIONS;

ACOUSTICS; CONFERENCE PAPER; MEASUREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; SAFETY; STANDARD; TECHNIQUE; ULTRASOUND;

CALIBRATION; HEAT; HUMANS; SAFETY; SOFT TISSUE INJURIES; ULTRASONOGRAPHY;

EID: 0034013127     PISSN: 03015629     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0301-5629(00)00167-8     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (21)

1. Standard for real-time display of thermal and mechanical acoustic output indices on diagnostic ultrasound equipment; Publication UL-3. 1992;AIUM, Rockville, MD.
2. Bacon D.R. Primary calibration of ultrasonic hydrophones using optical interferometry. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelec Freq Contr. 35:1988;152-161.
3. Bacon DR, Robinson SP. Intercomparison of 1 mm hydrophone calibrations in the frequency range 0.5 to 15 MHz; report EUR 13525 EN. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities, 1991.
4. Beissner K., Oosterbaan W.A., Hekkenberg R.T., Shaw A. European intercomparison of ultrasonic power measurements. Acustica. 82:1996;450-458.
5. Guide for measuring and reporting acoustic output of diagnostic ultrasound medical devices; FDA 510(k). 1985;FDA, Rockville, MD.
6. Tissue substitutes, phantoms and computational models on medical ultrasound; ICRU Report 61. 1998;ICRU, Bethesda, MD.
7. IEC. Characteristics and calibration of hydrophones for operation in the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 15 MHz; IEC 60866. Geneva: IEC, 1987.
8. The absolute calibration of hydrophones using the planar scanning technique in the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 15 MHz; IEC 61101. 1991;IEC, Geneva.
9. Measurement and characterisation of ultrasonic fields using hydrophones in the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 15 MHz; IEC 61102. 1991;IEC, Geneva.
10. Requirements for the declaration of the acoustic output of medical diagnostic ultrasonic equipment; IEC 61157. 1992;IEC, Geneva.
11. Ultrasonics physiotherapy systems performance requirements and methods of measurement in the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 5 MHz; IEC 61689. 1996;IEC, Geneva.
12. IEC. Ultrasonic power measurement in liquids in the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 25 MHz; IEC 61161, 2nd ed. Geneva: IEC, 1998.
13. Ultrasonics - pressure pulse lithotripters - characteristics of fields; IEC 61846. 1998;IEC, Geneva.
14. Ultrasonics - field safety - part 1 classification scheme for medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields; Future IEC 61681 . 1999;IEC, Geneva.
15. IEC. Ultrasonics - field characterization - test methods for the determination of exposure parameters for the safety classification of medical diagnostic ultrasonic fields; Future IEC 61973. Geneva: IEC, 1999b.
16. Guide for medical ultrasound field parameter measurements; IEEE Standard 790-1989. 1989;IEEE, New York.
17. Preston RC, Bacon DR, Corbett SS, et al. Interlaboratory comparison of hydrophone calibrations. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelec Freq Contr 1988;35:206 - 213.
18. Preston R.C., Robinson S.P., Zeqiri B., et al. Primary calibration of membrane hydrophones in the frequency range 0.5 MHz to 60 MHz. Metrologia. 36:1999;331-343.
19. Shaw A., Pay N.M., Preston R.C., Bond A.D. Proposed standard thermal test object for medical ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 25:1999;121-132.
20. Smith RA, Bacon DR. A multiple-frequency hydrophone calibration technique. J Acoust Soc Am 1990;87:2231a-2243.
21. Tschiegg C.E., Greenspan M., Eitzen D.G. Ultrasonic continuous-wave beam-power measurements international intercomparison . J Res Nat Bur Stand. 88:1983;91-103.