Deformation processes and weakening mechanisms within the frictional-viscous transition zone of major crustal-scale faults: Insights from the Great Glen Fault Zone, Scotland

Journal of Structural Geology

Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 543-560

  Stewart, M ^a   Holdsworth, R E ^a   Strachan, R A ^b  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FRICTIONAL VISCOUS TRANSITION ZONE; GREAT GLEN FAULT ZONE;

BRITTLE FRACTURE; CRYSTAL MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; DIFFUSION; GRAIN SIZE AND SHAPE; LITHOLOGY; MASS TRANSFER; MINERALOGY; QUARTZ; RHEOLOGY; ROCKS;

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; FAULTING; GREAT GLEN FAULT; STRAIN;

UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0034012243     PISSN: 01918141     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00164-9     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Atkinson B.K., Meridith P.G. The theory of sub-critical crack growth with applications to minerals and rocks. Atkinson B.K. Fracture Mechanics of Rock. 1987;111-166 Academic Press, London.
2. Brodie K.H., Rutter E.H. On the relationship between deformation and metamorphism, with special reference to the behaviour of basic rocks. Thompson A.B., Rubie D. Kinetics, textures and deformation. Advances in Physical Geochemistry, 4. 1985;138-179 Springer, New York.
3. Carter N.L., Kirby S.H. Transient creep and semibrittle behaviour of crystalline rocks. Pure and Applied Geophysics. 116:1978;807-839.
4. Carter N., Anderson D.A., Hansen F.D., Kranz R.L. Creep and creep rupture of granitic rocks. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph. 24:1981;61-82.
5. Dewey J.F., Holdsworth R.E., Strachan R.A. Transpression and transtension zones. Holdsworth R.E., Strachan R.A., Dewey J.F. Continental Transpressional and Transtensional Tectonics. Special Publication of the Geological Society of London, 135. 1998;1-14.
6. Fitz Gerald J.D., Stünitz H. Deformation of granitoids at low metamorphic grade I: Reactions and grain size reduction. Tectonophysics. 221:1993;269-297.
7. Flinn D. Continuation of the Great Glen Fault beyond the Moray Firth. Nature. 191:1961;589-591.
8. Fyfe W.S., Price N.J., Thompson A.B. Fluids in the Earth's Crust. 1978;Elsevier, Amsterdam.
9. Grocott J. The relationship between Precambrian shear belts and modern fault systems. Journal of the Geological Society of London. 133:1977;257-261.
10. Handy M.R. Deformation regimes and the rheological evolution of fault zones in the lithosphere: the effects of pressure, temperature, grainsize and time. Tectonophysics. 163:1989;119-152.
11. Handy M.R. The solid-state flow of polymineralic rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research. 95:(B6):1990;8647-8661.
12. Handy M.R. Flow laws for rocks containing two non-linear viscous phases: a phenomenological approach. Journal of Structural Geology. 16:1994;287-301.
13. Hanmer, S., Passchier, C.W., 1991. Shear sense indicators: a review. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 90, pp. 1-71.
14. Harris A.L., Haselock P.J., Kennedy M.J., Mendum J.R. The Dalradian Supergroup in Scotland, Shetland and Ireland. Gibbons W., Harris A.L. A revised correlation of Precambrian rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society of London Special Report no. 22. 1994;33-53.
15. Hirth G., Tullis J. Dislocation creep regimes in quartz aggregates. Journal of Structural Geology. 14:1992;145-159.
16. Hirth G., Tullis J. The brittle-plastic transition in experimentally deformed quartz aggregates. Journal of Geophysical Research. 99:1994;11731-11747.
17. Holdsworth R.E., Strachan R.A., Harris A.L. Precambrian rocks in northern Scotland: the Moine Supergroup. Gibbons W., Harris A.L. A revised correlation of Precambrian rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society of London Special Report no. 22. 1994;23-32.
18. Holdsworth R.E., Butler C.A., Roberts A.M. The recognition of reactivation during continental deformation. Journal of the Geological Society of London. 154:1997;73-78.
19. Imber J., Holdsworth R.E., Butler C.A., Lloyd G.E. Fault zone weakening processes along the reactivated Outer Hebrides Fault Zone, Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London. 154:1997;105-109.
20. Jordan P. The deformational behaviour of bimineralic limestone-halite aggregates. Tectonophysics. 135:1987;185-197.
21. Kennedy W.Q. The Great Glen Fault. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London. 102:1946;41-76.
22. Lister G.S., Snoke A.W. S-C mylonites. Journal of Structural Geology. 6:1984;617-638.
23. McBride J.H. Investigating the crustal structure of a strike-slip 'step-over' zone along the Great Glen Fault. Tectonics. 13:1994;1150-1160.
24. Mares V.M., Kronenberg A.K. Experimental deformation of muscovite. Journal of Structural Geology. 15:1993;1061-1077.
25. Mitra G. Brittle to ductile transition due to large strains along the White Rock Thrust, Wind River mountains, Wyoming. Journal of Structural Geology. 6:1984;51-61.
26. Noble S.R., Highton A.J., Hyslop E.K., Barreiro B. A Rodinian Connection for the Scottish Highlands? Evidence from U-Pb Geochronology of Grampian Terrain Migmatites and Pegmatites. Terra Abstracts. 9:1997;165.
27. Nur A., Ron H., Scotti O. Kinematics and mechanics of tectonic block rotations. Tectonics. 8:1989;31-46.
28. Passchier C.W., Trouw R.A.J. Microtectonics. 1996;Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
29. Rogers D.A., Marshall J.E.A., Astin T.R. Devonian and later movements on the Great Glen fault system, Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London. 146:1989;369-372.
30. Schmid S.M. Microfabric studies as indicators of deformation mechanisms and flow laws operative in mountain building. Hsü K.J. Mountain Building Processes. 1982;95-110 Academic Press, London.
31. Schmid S.M., Haas R. Transition from near-surface thrusting to intrabasement décollement, Schlinig thrust, Eastern Alps. Tectonics. 8:1989;697-718.
32. Schmid S.M., Handy M.R. Towards a genetic classification of fault rocks: Geological usage and tectonophysical implications. Müller D.W., McKenzie J.A., Weissert H. Controversies in Modern Geology. 1991;339-361 Academic Press, London.
33. Schmid S.M., Boland J.N., Paterson M.S. Superplastic flow in fine-grained limestone. Tectonophysics. 43:1977;257-291.
34. Scholtz C.H. The brittle-plastic transition and the depth of seismic faulting. Geologische Rundschau. 77:1988;319-328.
35. Shea W.T. Jr, Kronenberg A.K. Strength and anisotropy of foliated rocks with varied mica contents. Journal of Structural Geology. 15:1993;1097-1122.
36. Sibson R.H. Fault rocks and fault mechanisms. Journal of the Geological Society of London. 133:1977;191-213.
37. Simpson C. Deformation of granitic rocks across the brittle-ductile transition. Journal of Structural Geology. 7:1985;503-511.
38. Snoke, A.W., Tullis, J., Todd, V.R., 1998. Fault-related rocks: a photographic atlas. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 613 pp.
39. Stewart, M., 1997. Kinematic evolution of the Great Glen Fault Zone, Scotland. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Oxford Brookes University.
40. Stewart M., Strachan R.A., Holdsworth R.E. Direct field evidence for sinistral displacements along the Great Glen Fault Zone: late Caledonian reactivation of a regional basement structure? Journal of the Geological Society of London. 154:1997;135-139.
41. Stewart M., Strachan R.A., Holdsworth R.E. Structure and early kinematic history of the Great Glen Fault Zone, Scotland. Tectonics. 18:1999;326-342.
42. Stünitz H., Fitz Gerald J.D. Deformation of granitoids at low metamorphic grade II: Granular flow in albite-rich mylonites. Tectonophysics. 221:1993;299-324.
43. Tikoff B., Greene D. Stretching lineations in transpressional shear zones: an example from the Sierra Nevada Batholith, California. Journal of Structural Geology. 19:1997;29-39.
44. Tullis J., Yund R.A. Experimental deformation of dry Westerly granite. Journal of Geophysical Research. 82:1977;5705-5718.
45. Tullis J., Yund R.A. Hydrolytic weakening of experimentally deformed Westerly granite and Hale albite rock. Journal of Structural Geology. 2:1980;439-451.
46. Tullis J., Yund R.A. Transition from cataclastic flow to dislocation creep of feldspar: mechanisms and microstructures. Geology. 15:1987;606-609.
47. Tullis J., Yund R.A. The brittle-ductile transition in feldspar aggregates: An experimental study. Evans B., Wong T.-F. Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks. 1992;89-117 Academic Press, San Diego.
48. Vance D., Strachan R.A., Jones K.A. Extensional versus compressional settings for metamorphism: Garnet chronometry and pressure-temperature-time histories in the Moine Supergroup, northwest Scotland. Geology. 26:1998;927-930.
49. White S. The effect of strain on the microstructures, fabrics and deformation mechanisms in quartz. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. A283:1976;69-86.
50. White S.H., Knipe R.J. Transformation- and reaction-enhanced ductility in rocks. Journal of the Geological Society. 135:1978;513-516.
51. White S.H., Bretan P.G., Rutter E.H. Fault-zone reactivation: kinematics and mechanisms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London. A317:1986;81-97.
52. White S.H., Burrows S.E., Carreras J., Shaw N.D., Humphreys F.J. On mylonites in ductile shear zones. Journal of Structural Geology. 2:1980;175-187.
53. Wintsch R.P., Christofferson R., Kronenberg A.K. Fluid-rock reaction weakening of fault zones. Journal of Geophysical Research. 100:1995;13021-13032.
54. Wilson C.J.L., Bell I.A. Deformation of biotite and muscovite: Optical microstructure. Tectonophysics. 58:1979;179-200.
55. Wojtal S., Mitra G. Strain-hardening and strain-softening in fault-zones from foreland thrusts. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 97:1986;674-687.
56. Woodcock N.G. Kinematics of strike-slip faulting, Builth Inlier, Mid-Wales. Journal of Structural Geology. 9:1987;353-364.