Gray Wolf, Canis lupus lycaon, responses to shifts of White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, adjacent to Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario

Canadian Field-Naturalist

Volumn 114, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 62-71

  Poszig, Dörte ^a,b   Theberge, John B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b NONE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Anti predator strategy; Canis lupus lycaon; Deer yard; Gray Wolf; Odocoileus virginianus; Ontario; White tailed Deer

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; CANID; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

CANADA;

CANIS; CANIS FAMILIARIS; CANIS LUPUS; CANIS LYCAON; CERVIDAE; LYCAON; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS;

EID: 0034008949     PISSN: 00083550     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Blouch, R. I. 1984. Northern Great Lakes states and Ontario forests. Pages 391-410 in White-tailed deer ecology and management. Edited by L. K. Halls. A Wildlife Management Institute book. Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 870 pages.
2. Broadfoot, J. D., and D. R. Voigt. 1996. White-tailed Deer migration behaviour: A resource management perspective. STERS Technical Paper Number 5, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Research Science and Technology Branch, Maple, Ontario. 34 pages.
3. Brown, D. M., G. A. McKay, and L. J. Chapman. 1968. The climate of southern Ontario. Climatological Studies Number 5. Department of Transport, Meteorological Branch, Toronto, Ontario. 50 pages.
4. Burke, D. 1996. SPANS Topographer manual. Tydac Technologies Incorporated, Ottawa, Ontario.
5. Carbyn, L. N., S. M. Oosenbrug, and D. W. Anions. 1993. Wolves, Bison and the dynamics related to the Peace-Athabasca Delta in Canada's Wood Buffalo National Park. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Edmonton, Alberta. 270 pages.
6. Cook, S. J. 1996. Behaviour and conservation of winter populations of migratory wolves within and adjacent to Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. M.A. thesis, University of Waterloo, Ontario. 232 pages.
7. Drolet, C. A. 1976. Distribution and movements of White-tailed Deer in southern New Brunswick in relation to environmental factors. Canadian Field-Naturalist 90: 123-136.
8. Environment Canada. 1993. Canadian climate normals, 1961-1990, Ontario. Canadian Climate Program, Minister of Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. 157 pages.
9. Forbes, G. J., and J. B. Theberge. 1995. Influences of a migratory deer herd on wolf movements and mortality in and near Algonquin Park, Ontario. Pages 303-313 in Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Edited by L. N. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Occasional Publication Number 35. 642 pages.
10. Forbes, G. J., and J. B. Theberge. 1996. Response by wolves to prey variation in central Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74: 1511-1520
11. Fritts, S. H., and L. D. Mech. 1981. Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf population in northwestern Minnesota. Wildlife Monographs 80: 1-79.
12. Fryxell, J.M. 1991. Forage quality and aggregation by large herbivores. American Naturalist 138: 478-498.
13. Fuller, T. K. 1991. Effect of snow depth on wolf activity and prey selection in north central Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 283-287.
14. Halls, L. K. 1978. White-tailed Deer. Pages 42-65 in Big game of North America. Ecology and management. Edited by J, L. Schmidt, and D. L. Gilbert. A Wildlife Management Institute Book, Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
15. Haynes, G. 1982. Utilization and skeletal disturbances of North American prey carcasses. Arctic 35: 266-281.
16. Hoskinson, R. L., and L. D. Mech. 1976. White-tailed Deer migration and its role in wolf predation. Journal of Wildlife Management 40: 429-441.
17. Kolenosky, G. B. 1972. Wolf predation on wintering deer in east-central Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Management 36: 357-369.
18. Mech, L. D. 1994. Regular and homeward travel speeds of arctic wolves. Journal of Mammalogy 75: 741-742.
19. Messier, F., and C. Barrette. 1985. The efficiency of yarding behaviour by White-tailed Deer as an antipredator strategy. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 785-789.
20. Mooty, J. J., and P. D. Karns. 1984. The relationship between White-tailed Deer track counts and pelletgroup surveys. Journal of Wildlife Management 48: 275-279.
21. Nelson, M. E. 1995. Winter range arrival and departure of White-tailed Deer in northeastern Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 1069-1076.
22. Nelson, M. E., and L. D. Mech. 1981. Deer social organization and wolf predation in northeastern Minnesota. Wildlife Monographs 77: 1-53.
23. Nelson, M.E., and L.D. Mech. 1986. Relationship between snow depth and Gray Wolf predation on White-tailed Deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 50: 471-474.
24. Nelson, M. E., and L. D. Mech. 1991. Wolf predation risk associated with White-tailed Deer movements. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2696-2699.
25. Ozoga, J. J. 1968. Variations in microclimate in a conifer swamp deeryard in northern Michigan. Journal of Wildlife Management 32: 574-585.
26. Ozoga, J. J., and L. W. Gysel. 1972. Response of Whitetailed Deer to winter weather. Journal of Wildlife Management 36: 892-896.
27. Paquet, P. C. 1992. Prey use strategies of sympatric wolves and Coyotes in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. Journal of Mammalogy 73: 337-343.
28. Parker, G. R., and J. W. Maxwell. 1989. Seasonal movements and winter ecology of the Coyote, Canis latrans, in northern New Brunswick. Canadian Field-Naturalist 103: 1-11.
29. Potvin, F. 1988. Wolf movements and population dynamics in Papineau-Labelle reserve, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66: 1266-1273.
30. Rowe, J. S. 1972. Forest regions of Canada. Canadian Forestry Service Publication Number 1300. Department of Fisheries and the Environment. 71 pages.
31. Smith, P. C., D. R. Voigt, and A. R. Bisset. 1989. Standards and guidelines for measurement of snow and winter severity in Ontario. Unpublished report. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Ontario. 32 pages.
32. Swanson, L. A. 1993. Migratory behaviour and management of a White-tailed Deer herd in Algonquin region, central Ontario. M.A. thesis, University of Waterloo, Ontario. 123 pages.
33. Telfer, E. S. 1970. Winter habitat selection by Moose and White-tailed Deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 34: 553-559.
34. Theberge, J. B. 1998. Wolf country. Eleven years tracking the Algonquin wolves. McClelland & Stewart Incorporated, Toronto, Ontario. 306 pages.
35. Van Ballenberghe, V., A. W. Erickson, and D. Byman. 1975. Ecology of the Timber Wolf in northeastern Minnesota. Wildlife Monographs 43: 1-43.
36. Verme, L. J. 1968. An index of winter weather severity for northern deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 32: 566-574.
37. White, G. C., and R. A. Garrott. 1990. Analysis of wildlife radio-tracking data. Academic Press, Incorporated, London, England. 383 pages.
38. Whitlaw, H. A., W. B. Ballard, D. L. Sabine, S. J. Young, R. A. Jenkins, and G. J. Forbes. 1998. Survival and cause-specific mortality rates of adult Whitetailed Deer in New Brunswick. Journal of Wildlife Management 62: 1335-1341.