Limited effectiveness of home drinking water purification efforts in Karachi, Pakistan

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 3-7

  Luby, Stephen P ^a,b   Syed, Amber H ^a   Atiullah, Naureen ^a   Faizan, Mohammad K ^a   Fisher Hoch, Susan ^a  

^a AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^b CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

Developing country; Drinking water; Filter; Pakistan

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER;

ARTICLE; COLIFORM BACTERIUM; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DIARRHEA; FILTER; HOME; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NONHUMAN; PAKISTAN; SALMONELLA TYPHI; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 0034008295     PISSN: 12019712     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1201-9712(00)90058-4     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. United Nations Development Program. Human development report 1996. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
2. Swerdlow DL, Mintz ED, Rodriguez M, et al. Waterborne transmission of epidemic cholera in Trujillo, Peru: lessons for a continent at risk. Lancet 1992; 340:28-33.
3. Synder JW, Mains CN, Anderson RE, Bissonnette GK. Effect of point-of-use, activated carbon filters on the bacteriological quality of rural groundwater supplies. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:4291-4295.
4. Kirchhoff LV, McClelland KE, Do Carmo Pinho M, Araujo JG, de Sousa MA, Guerrant RL. Feasibility and efficacy of in-home water chlorination in rural northeastern Brazil. J Hyg (Lond) 1985; 94:173-180.
5. Conroy RM, Elmore-Meegan M, Joyce T, McGuigan KG, Barnes J. Solar disinfection of drinking water and diarrhoea in Maasai children: a controlled field trial. Lancet 1996; 348:1695-1697.
6. Marsh D, Husein K, Lobo M, Ali Shah M, Luby S. Verbal autopsy in Karachi slums: comparing single and multiple cause of child deaths. Health Policy and Planning 1995; 10:395-403.
7. Maxwell RJ. Learning from the Third World. Lancet 1986; 8474:222-223.
8. Luby S, Faizan M, Fisher-Hoch S, et al. Risk factors for infection with Salmonella typhi in an endemic setting, Karachi Pakistan. Epidemiol Infect 1998; 120:129-138.
9. Lechtman MD, Wistreich GA. Microbiology. 4th Ed. New York: Macmillan, 1984:897-898.
10. Volk WA, Wheeler MF, eds. Basic microbiology. 6th Ed. New York: Harper and Row, 1988:588-589.
11. World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 2nd Ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993.
12. Dean AG, Dean JA, Coulombier D, et al. Epi Info. Version 6: a word processing, database, and statistics program for epidemiology on microcomputers. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1994.
13. Karachi Development Plan 2000. KDA: master plan and environmental control development, June 1991
14. Han AM, Khin NO, Midorkawa Y, Shwe S. Contamination of drinking water during collection and storage. Trop Geogr Med 1989; 41:138-140.
15. Quick RE, Venczel LV, Gonzalez O, et al. Narrow-mouthed water storage vessels and in situ chlorination in a Bolivian community: a simple method to improve drinking water quality Am J Trop Med Hyg 1996; 54:511-516.
16. Quick RE, Venczel LV, Mintz ED, et al. Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy. Epidemiol Infect 1999; 122:83-90.
17. Deb BC, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, et al. Studies on interventions to prevent eltor cholera transmission in urban slums. Bull WHO 1986; 64:127-131.