Duplication of unique optical effects of ancient Egyptian lenses from the IV/V Dynasties: Lenses fabricated ca 2620-2400 BC or roughly 4600 years ago

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 126-130

  Enoch, Jay M ^a   Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI ST LOUIS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONTACT LENS; DEVICE; EGYPT; HISTORY; OPTICAL DENSITY; OPTICS; PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EGYPT; FUNERAL RITES; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HUMANS; LENSES; OPTICAL ILLUSIONS; OPTICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS;

EID: 0033997654     PISSN: 02755408     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0275-5408(99)00053-8     Document Type: Article

References (11)

1. Bass, M. 1998. CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, Personal communication.
2. Bouquillon, A. and Quéré, G. (1997). Le regard du scribe. Pour La Science 232 (February), 27.
3. Enoch, J. M. (1998). Ancient lenses in art and sculpture and the objects viewed through them (dating back 4500 years). In: Human Vision and Electronic Imaging III, vol. 3299 (eds B. Rogowitz and T. Pappas), pp. 424-430, Proceedings of the SPIE.
4. Enoch, J. M. (1999). A search for the earliest known lenses (dating back 4500 years). Conference on Biomedicine and Culture in the Era of Modern Optics and Lasers, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, October, 1998. In: Proc. International Society on Optics Within Life Sciences (OWLS), Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 224-225.
5. Enoch, J. M., Heitz, R., Hunt, P., Keller, K., Lakshminarayanan, V., Redmount, C., Royer, J., Strada, E., Youssef, T.(listed alphabetically) 1999. Remarkable lenses and eye units in statues from the Egyptian Old Kingdom (ca. 4600 years ago!): properties, time-line, questions requiring resolution. Paper 3749-102, Proc. ICO XVIII, San Fransisco, CA, 2-6 August, 1999, SPIE 3149, pp. 224-225. Note: Hunt, P., Keller, K., Redmount, C. and Trad, M. (1998). Each of these archaeologists and Egyptologists (listed alphabetically) have made valuable comments about this topic to JME.
6. Heimpel, W., Gorelick, L. and Gwinnett, A. J. (1988). Philological and archaeological evidence for the use of emery in the Bronze Age Near East. J. Cuneiform Studies 40(2), 195-201.
7. Hunt, P. (1998). Personal Communication.
8. Lucas, A. and Harris, J. R. (1962). Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, 4th ed. Arnold, London, There are several meaningful and relevant chapters (inlaid eyes, resins, glazes, glass, precious and semi-precious stones, etc.).
9. Royer, J. (1997). Les ocularistes de la statuaire égyptienne (presented at Troyes, April 28, 1997). Bulletin Société Francophone d'Histoire de l'Ophtalmologie 4, 49-52.
10. Saleh, M. and Sourouzian, H. (1987). The Egyptian Museum Cairo Official Catalogue. Verlag Phillipp von Zabern, Mainz, Organization of Egyptian Antiquities, Arab Republic of Egypt.
11. Ziegler, C. (1997). Las Statues Égyptiennes de L'Ancien Empire. Catalogue, Musée Du Louvre. Départment des Antiquités Égyptiennes, Éditions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, Paris, France (in French).