-
1
-
-
0001411042
-
The historical development of clinical therapeutic trials
-
1. Bull JP (1959) The historical development of clinical therapeutic trials. J Chron Dis 10: 218-248
-
(1959)
J Chron Dis
, vol.10
, pp. 218-248
-
-
Bull, J.P.1
-
2
-
-
0001392180
-
The clinical trial
-
2. Bradford Hill A (1952) The clinical trial. New Engl J Med 247: 113-119
-
(1952)
New Engl J Med
, vol.247
, pp. 113-119
-
-
Bradford Hill, A.1
-
4
-
-
0002883755
-
How members of the Cochrane Collaboration prepare and maintain systematic reviews of the effects of health care
-
4. Fullerton-Smith I (1995) How members of the Cochrane Collaboration prepare and maintain systematic reviews of the effects of health care. Evidence-Based medicine 1: 7-8
-
(1995)
Evidence-based Medicine
, vol.1
, pp. 7-8
-
-
Fullerton-Smith, I.1
-
5
-
-
0003560841
-
-
Churchill Livingston Inc., New York, NY, USA
-
5. Sackett DL, Richardson WS, Rosenberg W, Haynes RB (1997) Evidence-based Medicine. How to practice and teach EBM. Churchill Livingston Inc., New York, NY, USA
-
(1997)
Evidence-based Medicine. How to Practice and Teach EBM
-
-
Sackett, D.L.1
Richardson, W.S.2
Rosenberg, W.3
Haynes, R.B.4
-
7
-
-
84920245150
-
WHO cooperative trial on primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease with clofibrate to lower serum cholesterol: Final mortality follow-up
-
7. Committee of Principal Investigators (1984) WHO cooperative trial on primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease with clofibrate to lower serum cholesterol: final mortality follow-up. Lancet II: 600-604
-
(1984)
Lancet
, vol.2
, pp. 600-604
-
-
-
8
-
-
0025374223
-
Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
-
8. Riggs BL, Hidgson SF, O'Fallon WM et al. (1990) Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. New Engl J Med 322: 802-809
-
(1990)
New Engl J Med
, vol.322
, pp. 802-809
-
-
Riggs, B.L.1
Hidgson, S.F.2
O'Fallon, W.M.3
-
9
-
-
0031841439
-
Chemoprevention of lung cancer: The rise and demise of beta-carotene
-
9. Onmen GS (1998) Chemoprevention of lung cancer: the rise and demise of beta-carotene. Ann Rev Public Health 19: 73-99
-
(1998)
Ann Rev Public Health
, vol.19
, pp. 73-99
-
-
Onmen, G.S.1
-
10
-
-
0027487181
-
Mortality following ventricular arrhythmia suppression with encainide, flecainide, and moricizine after myocardial infarction. The original design concept of the cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial
-
10. Epstein AE, Hallstrom AP, Rogers WJ (1993) Mortality following ventricular arrhythmia suppression with encainide, flecainide, and moricizine after myocardial infarction. The original design concept of the cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial. JAMA 270: 2451-2455
-
(1993)
JAMA
, vol.270
, pp. 2451-2455
-
-
Epstein, A.E.1
Hallstrom, A.P.2
Rogers, W.J.3
-
11
-
-
0032585188
-
The unpredictability paradox: Review of empirical comparisons of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials
-
11. Kunz R, Oxman AD (1998) The unpredictability paradox: review of empirical comparisons of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. BMJ 317: 1185-1190
-
(1998)
BMJ
, vol.317
, pp. 1185-1190
-
-
Kunz, R.1
Oxman, A.D.2
-
12
-
-
0029896903
-
To bridge science and patient care in diabetes
-
12. Berger M (1996) To bridge science and patient care in diabetes. Diabetologia 39: 749-757
-
(1996)
Diabetologia
, vol.39
, pp. 749-757
-
-
Berger, M.1
-
13
-
-
0003189775
-
Effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes, VIII
-
13. The University Group Diabetes Program (1982) Effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes, VIII. Diabetes 31 [Suppl 5]: S1-S81
-
(1982)
Diabetes
, vol.31
, Issue.SUPPL. 5
-
-
-
14
-
-
0032511583
-
Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
-
14. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (1998) Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352: 837-853
-
(1998)
Lancet
, vol.352
, pp. 837-853
-
-
-
15
-
-
0018225976
-
Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: A prospective study of 4400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973
-
15. Pirart J (1977) Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. Diabetes Care 1: 168-188, 252-261
-
(1977)
Diabetes Care
, vol.1
, pp. 168-188
-
-
Pirart, J.1
-
16
-
-
0027370108
-
The effects of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
-
16. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (1993) The effects of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New Engl J Med 329: 977-986
-
(1993)
New Engl J Med
, vol.329
, pp. 977-986
-
-
Control, T.D.1
Trial, C.2
-
17
-
-
0030065635
-
Unanswered research questions about metabolic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
-
17. Colwell JA, Clark CM (1996) Unanswered research questions about metabolic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann Int Med 124: 178-179
-
(1996)
Ann Int Med
, vol.124
, pp. 178-179
-
-
Colwell, J.A.1
Clark, C.M.2
-
18
-
-
0032511580
-
Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38
-
18. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (1998) Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 317: 703-713
-
(1998)
BMJ
, vol.317
, pp. 703-713
-
-
-
19
-
-
0000559926
-
A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes mellitus, II. Mortality results
-
19. University Group Diabetes Program (1970) A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes mellitus, II. Mortality results. Diabetes 10 [Suppl 2]: S785-S830
-
(1970)
Diabetes
, vol.10
, Issue.SUPPL. 2
-
-
-
20
-
-
0031985020
-
Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus
-
20. American Diabetes Association (1998) Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 21 [Suppl 1] S23-S31
-
(1998)
Diabetes Care
, vol.21
, Issue.SUPPL. 1
-
-
-
21
-
-
0031752050
-
Implications for the pharmacotherapy of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
-
The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)
-
21. Bretzel RG, Voigt Kh, Schatz H (1998) The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). Implications for the pharmacotherapy of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 106: 369-372
-
(1998)
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
, vol.106
, pp. 369-372
-
-
Bretzel, R.G.1
Voigt, K.2
Schatz, H.3
-
22
-
-
0001344281
-
A desktop guide to Type 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
-
22. Home PD, Alberti KGMM for the European NIDDM Policy Group (1999) A desktop guide to Type 2 non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 16: 716-750
-
(1999)
Diabet Med
, vol.16
, pp. 716-750
-
-
Home, P.D.1
Alberti, K.G.M.M.2
-
23
-
-
0033517525
-
Are drugs within a class interchangeable?
-
23. Furberg CD, Herrington DM, Psaty BM (1999) Are drugs within a class interchangeable? Lancet 354: 1202-1204
-
(1999)
Lancet
, vol.354
, pp. 1202-1204
-
-
Furberg, C.D.1
Herrington, D.M.2
Psaty, B.M.3
-
24
-
-
0025833955
-
Study design, progress and performance (UKPDS VIII)
-
24. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (1991) Study design, progress and performance (UKPDS VIII). Diabetologia 34: 877-890
-
(1991)
Diabetologia
, vol.34
, pp. 877-890
-
-
-
25
-
-
0029916829
-
Sulfonylurea treatment of NIDDM patients with cardiovascular disease: A mixed blessing
-
25. Leibowitz G, Cerasi E (1996) Sulfonylurea treatment of NIDDM patients with cardiovascular disease: a mixed blessing. Diabetologia 39: 503-514
-
(1996)
Diabetologia
, vol.39
, pp. 503-514
-
-
Leibowitz, G.1
Cerasi, E.2
-
28
-
-
0030974812
-
Prospective randomized study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus
-
28. Malmberg K for the DIGAMI Study Group (1997) Prospective randomized study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. BMJ 314: 1512-1515
-
(1997)
BMJ
, vol.314
, pp. 1512-1515
-
-
-
29
-
-
0033614537
-
The UKPDS: What was the question?
-
29. Ewart RM (1999) The UKPDS: what was the question? Lancet 353: 1882
-
(1999)
Lancet
, vol.353
, pp. 1882
-
-
Ewart, R.M.1
-
30
-
-
0033514067
-
Could institutional clinical trials exist in Europe?
-
30. Cornu C, Cano A, Pornel B Mellis GB, Boissel JP on behalf of the EUTERP Pilot Study Group (1999) Could institutional clinical trials exist in Europe? Lancet 353: 63-64
-
(1999)
Lancet
, vol.353
, pp. 63-64
-
-
Cornu, C.1
Cano, A.2
Pornel, B.3
Mellis, G.B.4
Boissel, J.P.5
-
31
-
-
0032547326
-
Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women
-
31. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T et al. (1998) Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA 280: 605-613
-
(1998)
JAMA
, vol.280
, pp. 605-613
-
-
Hulley, S.1
Grady, D.2
Bush, T.3
-
32
-
-
0013633602
-
Are randomized controlled trials sufficient evidence to guide clinical practice in Type II diabetes mellitus?
-
in press
-
32. Vijan S, Kent DM, Hayward RA (1999) Are randomized controlled trials sufficient evidence to guide clinical practice in Type II diabetes mellitus? Diabetologia (in press)
-
(1999)
Diabetologia
-
-
Vijan, S.1
Kent, D.M.2
Hayward, R.A.3
-
33
-
-
0032492394
-
Treatment of hypertensive patients with diabetes
-
33. Pahor M, Psaty BM, Furberg CD (1998) Treatment of hypertensive patients with diabetes. Lancet 351: 689-690
-
(1998)
Lancet
, vol.351
, pp. 689-690
-
-
Pahor, M.1
Psaty, B.M.2
Furberg, C.D.3
-
34
-
-
0033032552
-
Prognosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus
-
34. Sawicki PT, Berger M (1999) Prognosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. J Clin Basic Cardiol 2: 22-33
-
(1999)
J Clin Basic Cardiol
, vol.2
, pp. 22-33
-
-
Sawicki, P.T.1
Berger, M.2
-
35
-
-
0025425570
-
Diabetes care and research in Europe: The St. Vincent declaration
-
35. WHO/IDF Europe (1990) Diabetes care and research in Europe: The St. Vincent Declaration. Diabet Med 7: 360
-
(1990)
Diabet Med
, vol.7
, pp. 360
-
-
-
36
-
-
0033053251
-
Can data-driven benchmarks be used to set the goals of healthy people 2010?
-
36. Allison J, Kiefe CJ, Weissmann NW (1999) Can data-driven benchmarks be used to set the goals of healthy people 2010? Am J Publ Health 89: 61-65
-
(1999)
Am J Publ Health
, vol.89
, pp. 61-65
-
-
Allison, J.1
Kiefe, C.J.2
Weissmann, N.W.3
-
37
-
-
0344629352
-
Intensified treatment and education of type 1 diabetes as clinical routine. A nationwide quality circle experience in Germany
-
37. Müller UA, Femerling M, Reinauer KM et al. for the ASD Working Group (1999) Intensified treatment and education of type 1 diabetes as clinical routine. A nationwide quality circle experience in Germany. Diabetes Care 22 [Suppl 2]: 829-834
-
(1999)
Diabetes Care
, vol.22
, Issue.SUPPL. 2
, pp. 829-834
-
-
Müller, U.A.1
Femerling, M.2
Reinauer, K.M.3
-
38
-
-
0030662005
-
Estimated benefits of glycemic control in microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes
-
38. Vijan S, Hofer TP, Hayward RA (1997) Estimated benefits of glycemic control in microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med 127: 788-795
-
(1997)
Ann Intern Med
, vol.127
, pp. 788-795
-
-
Vijan, S.1
Hofer, T.P.2
Hayward, R.A.3
-
39
-
-
15644366137
-
Model of complications of NIDDM. II. Analysis of health benefits and cost-effectiveness of treating NIDDM with the goal of normoglycemia
-
39. Eastman RC, Javitt JC, Herman WH et al. (1997) Model of complications of NIDDM. II. Analysis of health benefits and cost-effectiveness of treating NIDDM with the goal of normoglycemia. Diabetes Care 20: 735-744
-
(1997)
Diabetes Care
, vol.20
, pp. 735-744
-
-
Eastman, R.C.1
Javitt, J.C.2
Herman, W.H.3
-
40
-
-
0031738114
-
Implications of the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study. Position Statement
-
40. American Diabetes Association (1998) Implications of the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study. Position Statement. Diabetes Care 21: 2180-2184
-
(1998)
Diabetes Care
, vol.21
, pp. 2180-2184
-
-
-
41
-
-
0029094533
-
The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbAIc) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
-
41. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (1995) The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbAIc) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes 44: 968-983
-
(1995)
Diabetes
, vol.44
, pp. 968-983
-
-
-
43
-
-
0345729873
-
Diabetes care and patient-oriented outcomes
-
43. Berger M, Mühlhauser I (1999) Diabetes care and patient-oriented outcomes. JAMA 281: 1676-1678
-
(1999)
JAMA
, vol.281
, pp. 1676-1678
-
-
Berger, M.1
Mühlhauser, I.2
-
44
-
-
0030696063
-
Starting insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: Effectiveness, complications, and resource utilization
-
44. Hayward RA, Manning WG, Kaplan SH et al. (1997) Starting insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: effectiveness, complications, and resource utilization. J Am Med Ass 278: 1663-1669
-
(1997)
J Am Med Ass
, vol.278
, pp. 1663-1669
-
-
Hayward, R.A.1
Manning, W.G.2
Kaplan, S.H.3
-
45
-
-
0344141203
-
Rationale for the use of insulin therapy alone as the pharmacological treatment of Type 2 diabetes
-
45. Berger M, Jörgens V, Mühlhauser I (1999) Rationale for the use of insulin therapy alone as the pharmacological treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 22 [Suppl 3]: C71-75
-
(1999)
Diabetes Care
, vol.22
, Issue.SUPPL. 3
-
-
Berger, M.1
Jörgens, V.2
Mühlhauser, I.3
-
46
-
-
0031840684
-
Should insulin therapy be started on an out-or inpatient basis?
-
46. Müller UA, Müller R, Hunger-Dathe W et al. (1998) Should insulin therapy be started on an out-or inpatient basis? Diabet Metab 24: 251-255
-
(1998)
Diabet Metab
, vol.24
, pp. 251-255
-
-
Müller, U.A.1
Müller, R.2
Hunger-Dathe, W.3
-
47
-
-
0033600435
-
Clinical trials, consensus conferences, and clinical practice
-
47. Sniderman AD (1999) Clinical trials, consensus conferences, and clinical practice. Lancet 354: 327-330
-
(1999)
Lancet
, vol.354
, pp. 327-330
-
-
Sniderman, A.D.1
-
48
-
-
0033603785
-
Surrogate end points, health outcomes, and the drug approval process for the treatment of risk factors for cardio-vascular disease
-
48. Psaty BM, Weiss NS, Furberg CD et al. (1999) Surrogate end points, health outcomes, and the drug approval process for the treatment of risk factors for cardio-vascular disease. JAMA 282: 786-790
-
(1999)
JAMA
, vol.282
, pp. 786-790
-
-
Psaty, B.M.1
Weiss, N.S.2
Furberg, C.D.3
|