Discrimination of men with prostate cancer from those with benign disease by measurements of human glandular kallikrein 2 (HK2) in serum

Journal of Urology

Volumn 163, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 311-316

  Becker, Charlotte ^a   Piironen, Timo ^b   Pettersson, Kim ^b   Björk, Thomas ^b   Wojno, Kirk J ^b   Oesterling, Joseph E ^b   Lilja, Hans ^b  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Free PSA; Glandular kallikreins; hK2; Prostate cancer; PSA

Indexed keywords

PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; TISSUE KALLIKREIN;

ADULT; AGED; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTICLE; BLOOD LEVEL; CANCER LOCALIZATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE BIOPSY; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATE HYPERTROPHY; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC;

EID: 0033992278     PISSN: 00225347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68044-5     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Lilja, H.: A kallikrein-like serine protease in prostatic fluid cleaves the predominant seminal vesicle protein. J Clin Invest, 76: 1899, 1985.
2. Schedlich, L. J., Bennetts, B. and Morris, B. J.: Primary structure of a human glandular kallikrem gene. DNA, 6: 429, 1987.
3. Chapdelaine, P., Paradis, G., Tremblay, R. R. and Dubé, J. Y.: High level of expression in the prostate of a human glandular kallikrein mRNA related to prostate-specific antigen. FEBS Lett. 236: 205, 1988.
4. Henttu, P., Lukkarinen, O. and Vihko, P.: Expression of the gene coding for human prostate-specific antigen and related hGK-1 in benign and malignant tumors of the human prostate. Int J Cancer, 45: 654, 1990.
5. Young, C-F., Andrews, P. E., Montgomery, B. T. and Tindall, D. J.: Tissue-specific and hormonal regulation of human prostate-specific glandular kallikrein. Biochemistry, 31: 818, 1992.
6. Christensson, A., Laurell, C-B. and Lilja, H.: Enzymatic activity of prostate-specific antigen and its reactions with extracellular serine proteinase inhibitors. Eur J Biochem. 194: 755, 1990.
7. Ahlgren, G., Rannevik, G. and Lilja, H.: Impaired secretory function of the prostate in men with oligo-asthenozoospermia. J Androl, 16: 491, 1995.
8. Lövgren, J., Rajakoski, K., Karp, M., Lundwall, A. and Lilja, H.: Activation of the zymogen form of prostate-specific antigen by human glandular kallikrein 2. Biochem Biophys Res Comm. 238: 549, 1997.
9. Takayama, T. K., Fujikawa, K. and Davie, E. W.: Characterization of the precursor of prostate-specific antigen. J Biol Chem. 272: 21582, 1997.
10. Kumar, A., Mikolajczyk, S. D., Goel, A. S., Millar, L. S. and Saedi, M.: Expression of pro form of prostate-specific antigen by mammalian cells and its conversion to mature, avtive form by human kallikrein 2. Cancer Res, 57: 3111, 1997.
11. Oesterling, J. E.: Prostate specific antigen: a critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol, 145: 907, 1991.
12. Hudson, M. A., Bahnson, R. R. and Catalona, W. J.: Clinical use of prostate specific antigen in patients with prostate cancer. J Urol, 142: 1011, 1989.
13. Stenman, U. H., Leinonen, J., Alfthan, H., Ranniko, S., Tuhkanen, K. and Alfthan, O.: A complex between prostate-specific antigen and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin is the major form of prostate-specific antigen in serum of patients with prostatic cancer: assay of the complex improves clinical sensitivity for cancer. Cancer Res, 51: 222, 1991.
14. Lilja, H., Christensson, A., Dahlén, U., Matikainen, M. T., Nilsson, O. and Pettersson, K.: Prostate-specific antigen in serum occurs predominantly in complex with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Clin Chem, 37: 618, 1991.
15. Christensson, A., Björk, T., Nilsson, O., Dahlén, U., Matikainen, M-T. and Cockett, A. T. K.: Serum prostate-specific antigen complexed to alpha-1-antichymotrypsin as an indicator of prostate cancer. J Urol, 150: 100, 1993.
16. Darson, M. F., Pacelli, A., Roche, P., Rittenhouse, P. F., Wolfert, R. L. and Young, C. Y. F.: Human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma: a novel prostate cancer marker. Urology, 49: 857, 1997.
17. Deperthes, D., Chapdelaine, P., Tremblay, R. R., Brunet, C., Berton, J. and Hébert, J.: Isolation of prostatic kallikrein hK2, also known as hGK-1, in human seminal plasma. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1245: 311, 1995.
18. Saedi, M. S., Cass, M. M. J., Goel, A. S., Grauer, L., Hogen, K. L. and Okaneya, T.: Overexpression of a human prostate-specific glandular kallikrein, hk2, in E. coli and generation of anti-bodies. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 109: 237, 1995.
19. Lövgren, J., Piironen, T., Overmo, C., Dowell, B., Karp, M. and Pettersson, K.: Production of recombinant PSA and hK2 and analysis of their immunologic cross-reactivity. Biochem Biophys Res Comm. 213: 888, 1995.
20. Kumar, A., Goel, A. S., Hill, T. M., Mikolajczyk, S. D., Millar, L. S. and Kuus-Reichel, K.: Expression of human glandular kallikrein, hK2, in mammalian cells. Cancer Res, 56: 5397, 1996.
21. Eerola, R., Piironen, T., Pettersson, K., Lövgren, J., Vehniainen, M. and Lilja, H.: Immunoreactivity of recombinant human glandular kallikrein using monoclonal antibodies raised against prostate specific antigen. Prostate, 31: 84, 1997.
22. Piironen, T., Lövgren, J., Karp, M., Eerola, R., Lundwall, A. and Dowell, B.: Immunofluorometric assay for sensitive and specific measurement of human prostatic glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) in serum. Clin Chem, 42: 1034, 1996.
23. Piironen, T., Pettersson, K., Suonpää, M., Stenman, U-H., Oesterling, J. E. and Lövgren, T.: In vitro stability of free PSA and PSA complexed to alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in blood samples. Urology, 48: 81, 1996.
24. Piironen, T., Villoutreix, B., Becker, C., Hollingsworth, K., Vihinen, M. and Bridon, D.: Determination and analysis of antigonic epitopes of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) using synthetic peptides and computer modeling. Protein Science, 7: 259, 1998.
25. Stamey, T. A.: Lower limits of detection, biological detection limits, functional sensitivity, or residual cancer detection limit? Sensitivity reports on prostate-specific antigen assays mislead clinicians. Clin Chem, 42: 849, 1996.
26. Mitrunen, K., Pettersson, K., Piironen, T., Björk, T., Lilja, H. and Lövgren, T.: Dual-label one-step immunoassay for simultaneous measurement of free and total prostate-specific antigen concentrations and ratios in serum. Clin Chem, 41: 1115, 1995.
27. Kairisto, V. and Poola, A.: Software for illustrative presentation of basic clinical characteristics of laboratory tests-GraphROC for Windows. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 55: 43, 1995.
28. Lövgren, J., Valtonen-André, C., Marsal, K., Lilja, H. and Lundwall, Å.: Measurement of prostate-specific antigen and human glandular kallikrein 2 in different body fluids. Manuscript, 1998.
29. Charlesworth, M. C., Young, C. Y-F., Klee, G. G., Saedi, M. S., Mikolajczyk, S. D. and Finlay, J. A.: Detection of a prostate-specific protein, human glandular kallikrein (hK2), in sera of patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen levels. Urology, 49: 487, 1997.
30. Grauer, L. S., Charlesworth, M. C., Saedi, M. S., Finlay, J. A., Liu, R-S. and Kuus-Reichel, K.: Identification of human glandular kallikrein hK2 from LNCaP cells. J Androl, 17: 353, 1996.
31. Mikolajczyk, S. D., Grauer, L. S., Millar, L. S., Hill, T. M., Kumar, A. and Rittenhouse, H. G.: A precursor form of PSA (pPSA) is a component of the free form of PSA in prostate cancer serum. Urology, 50: 710, 1997.
32. Heeb, M. J., Espana, F., Gittes, R. F. and Griffin, J. H.: Prostate specific antigen-alpha 2-macroglobulin complexes in prostate cancer patient sera. Biochem Mol Biol Int, 37: 917, 1995.
33. Otto, A., Bär, J. and Birkenmeier, G.: Prostate-specific antigen forms complexes with human alpha2-macroglobulin and binds to the alpha2-macroblobulin receptor/LDL receptor-related protein. J Urol, 159: 297, 1998.
34. Kwiatkowski, M. K., Recker, F., Piironen, T., Pettersson, K., Otto, T. and Wernli, M.: In prostatism patients the ratio of human glandular kallikrein to free PSA improves the discrimination between prostate cancer and benign hvperplasia within the diagnostic "gray Zone" of total PSA 4-10 ng/mL. Urology, 52: 360, 1998.
35. Recker, F., Kwiatkowski, M. K., Piironen, T., Pettersson, K., Lummen, G. and Wernli, M.: The importance of human glandular kallikrein and its correlation with different prostate specific antigen serum forms in the detection of prostate carcinoma. Cancer, 83: 2540, 1998.