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+ interneurons project axons to motor neurons in nearby segments within the spinal cord. Both En1 expression in the interneurons and Netrin-1 expression from the floor plate are required for normal pathfinding and synapse formation of these association interneurons.
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+ interneurons project axons to motor neurons in nearby segments within the spinal cord. Both En1 expression in the interneurons and Netrin-1 expression from the floor plate are required for normal pathfinding and synapse formation of these association interneurons.
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Even skipped determines the dorsal growth of motor axons in Drosophila
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The authors show that Eve, which functions as a repressor in other systems, is required for dorsal projections of motor axons in Drosophila. This raises the possibility that eve functions by suppressing characteristics of an alternative neuronal cell type.
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Landgraf M., Roy S., Prokop A., VijayRaghavan K., Bate M. even skipped determines the dorsal growth of motor axons in Drosophila. Neuron. 22:1999;43-52. The authors show that Eve, which functions as a repressor in other systems, is required for dorsal projections of motor axons in Drosophila. This raises the possibility that eve functions by suppressing characteristics of an alternative neuronal cell type.
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Even-skipped represses transcription by binding TATA binding protein and blocking the TFIID-TATA box interaction
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Using in vitro transcription assays, this work demonstrates that the well-documented repressive activity of Eve can be inactivated by serine/threonine phosphorylation of Eve, emphasizing that post-translational modification of transcription factors in development represents an additional means of regulation.
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Li C., Manley J.L. Allosteric regulation of even-skipped repression activity by phosphorylation. Mol Cell. 3:1999;77-86. Using in vitro transcription assays, this work demonstrates that the well-documented repressive activity of Eve can be inactivated by serine/threonine phosphorylation of Eve, emphasizing that post-translational modification of transcription factors in development represents an additional means of regulation.
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Functionally related motor neuron pool and muscle sensory afferent subtypes defined by coordinate ETS gene expression
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Gene expression analysis and limb ablation studies in chick embryos demonstrate the importance of Ets factors - whose activity is known to be regulated by phosphorylation [54] - in establishing motor pool identity and sensory-motor connections. While the role of phosphorylation is not examined in this analysis, it is likely that signal transduction cascades operating through the ras-MAP kinase pathway are involved in Ets factor regulation in motor and sensory neurons.
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Lin J.H., Saito T., Anderson D.J., Lance-Jones C., Jessell T.M., Arber S. Functionally related motor neuron pool and muscle sensory afferent subtypes defined by coordinate ETS gene expression. Cell. 95:1998;393-407. Gene expression analysis and limb ablation studies in chick embryos demonstrate the importance of Ets factors - whose activity is known to be regulated by phosphorylation [54] - in establishing motor pool identity and sensory-motor connections. While the role of phosphorylation is not examined in this analysis, it is likely that signal transduction cascades operating through the ras-MAP kinase pathway are involved in Ets factor regulation in motor and sensory neurons.
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