Hair analysis for drugs of abuse.Hair color and race differentials or systematic differences in drug preferences?

Forensic Science International

Volumn 107, Issue 1-3, 2000, Pages 63-86

  Kelly, Raymond C ^a   Mieczkowski, Tom ^b   Sweeney, Stacy A ^a   Bourland, James A ^a  

^a Associated Pathologists Laboratories   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Hair analysis; Hair assays; Hair color; Race; Racial differentials

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; BENZOYLECGONINE; COCAINE; HOMOCOCAINE; MELANIN; METHAMPHETAMINE; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOLIC ACID;

CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG DETERMINATION; DRUG PREFERENCE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HAIR ANALYSIS; HAIR COLOR; HUMAN; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; URINALYSIS;

EID: 0033981905     PISSN: 03790738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00151-6     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (37)

1. Harkey M., Henderson G. Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. Baselt R. Advances in Analytical Toxicology. 1989;298-330 Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago.
2. Mieczkowski T. New approaches in drug testing: A review of hair analysis. Ann. Am. Acad. Political Social Sci. 521:1992;132-150.
3. Arnold W. RIA analysis of head hair for narcotics and substitutes. J. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 24:(10):1986;797-798.
4. Baumgartner W., Hill V., Blahd W. Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. J. Forensic Sci. 34:(6):1989;1433-1453.
5. Mieczkowski T., Newel R. An evaluation of patterns of racial bias in hair assays for cocaine: Black and white arrestees compared. Forensic Sci. Int. 63:1993;85-98.
6. Henderson G., Harkey M., Zhou C., Jones R., Jacob P. Incorporation of isotopically labeled cocaine into human hair: Race as a factor. J. Anal. Toxicol. 22:1998;156-165.
7. Gertstenberg G., Schepers P., Voncken H., Volkel H. Nicotine and cotinine accumulation in pigmented and unpigmented rat hair. Drug Metab. Dispos. 23:1995;143-148.
8. Slawson M.H., Wilkins D.G., Foltz R.L., Rollins D.E. Quantitative determination of phencyclidine in pigmented and non-pigmented hair by ion trap mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Toxicol. 20:1996;350-354.
9. Green S.J., Wilson J.F. The effect of hair color on the incorporation of methadone into hair in the rat. J. Anal. Toxicol. 20:1996;121-123.
10. Gygi S.P., Joseph R.E., Cone E.J., Wilkins D.G., Rollins D.E. Incorporation of codeine and metabolites into hair: role of pigmentation. Drug Metab. Dispos. 24:1996;495-499.
11. Slawson M.H., Wilkins D.G., Rollins D.E. The incorporation of drugs into hair: relationship of hair color and melanin concentration to phencyclidine incorporation. J. Anal. Toxicol. 22:1998;406-413.
12. Gleixner A., Heinrich H. Methods to Detect Anabolics in Hair: Use for Food Hygiene and Doping Control. Am. Lab. 1997;44-47. December.
13. Joseph R., Tsung-Ping S., Cone E. In vitro binding studies of drugs to hair: Influence of melanin and lipids on cocaine binding to Caucasoid and Africoid hair. J. Anal. Toxicol. 20:1996;338-344.
14. Cone E., Joseph R. The potential for bias in hair testing for drugs of abuse. Kintz P. Drug Testing in Hair. 1996;69-94 CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
15. Henderson G., Harkey M., Jones R. Final Report: Hair Analysis for Drugs of Abuse. 1993;National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC. Grant 90-NIJ-CX-0012.
16. Bost R. Hair analysis: Perspectives and limits of a proposed forensic method of proof - a review. Forensic Sci. Int. 63:1993;31-42.
17. Rollins D. Disposition of codeine into hair. de Zeeuw R., Hosani I., Al Munthiri S. Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Hair Analysis in Forensic Toxicology :1995;118-135 Ministry of the Interior, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
18. Uematsu T., Miyazawa N., Okazaki O., Nakashima M. Possible effect of pigment on the pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin and its excretion in hair. J. Pharm. Sci. 81:(1):1992;45-48.
19. Harrison W., Gray R., Solomon L. Incorporation of D-amphetamine into pigmented guinea pig hair. Br. J. Dermatol. 91:1974;415-418.
20. Hold K., Hubbard D.L., Wilkins D.G., Rollins D.E. Quantitation of cocaine in human hair: the effect of centrifugation of hair digests. J. Anal. Toxicol. 22:1998;414-417.
21. Harkey M. Anatomy and physiology of human hair. Forensic Sci. Int. 63:1993;9-18.
22. F. Ebling, Racial Variation in Man, Institute of Biology Press, London, 1975, pp. 231-235.
23. Montagu A. Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race. 1964;World Publishing, Cleveland.
24. Sunderland E. Biological components of the races of man. Ebling F.J. Racial Variation in Man. 1975;Blackwell, London.
25. Leach E. Cultural components in the concept of race. Ebling F.J. Racial Variations in Man. 1975;Blackwell, London.
26. Coon C., Garn S., Birdsell J. Races: A Study of the Problem of Race Formation in Man. 1950;Thomas, Springfield, IL.
27. Rook A. Racial and other genetic variations in hair form. Br. J. Dermatol. 92:1975;599-600.
28. Hrdy D. Quantitative hair form variation in seven populations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 39:1973;7-17.
29. Mieczkowski T., Newel R. An evaluation of patterns of race and sex bias in cocaine assays of human hair. de Zeeuw R., Al Hosani I., Munthiri S., Maqbool A. Proceedings of the International Conference on Hair Analysis in Forensic Toxicology :1995;90-106 The Royal Government of The United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi.
30. E. Crouch, S. Armstrong, B. Hoffman, Analysis of race effects on drug test results, J. Occup. Environ. Med. (forthcoming, 1999).
31. Mieczkowski T., Newel R. An evaluation of patterns of racial bias in hair assays for cocaine: Black and white arrestees compared. Forensic Sci. Int. 63:(13):1993;85-98.
32. Mieczkowski T. An analysis of the racial bias controversy in the use of hair assays. Mieczkowski T. Drug Testing Technologies: Field Applications and Assessments. 1999;314-348 CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
33. Normand J., Salyards S., Mahoney J. An evaluation of preemployment drug testing. J. Appl. Psychol. 75:(6):1990;629-639.
34. Kintz P., Bundeli P., Brenneisen R., Ludes B. Dose-concentration relationships in hair from subjects in a controlled heroin maintenance program. J. Anal. Toxicol. 22:1999.
35. Flewelling R., Ennett S., Rachal J., Theisen A. National Household Survey On Drug Abuse: Race/ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Drug Abuse: 1991. 1993;US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.
36. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Population Estimates, 1992. 1993;US Department of Health and Human Services Publication, Washington, DC. (SMA) 93-2053.
37. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Population Estimates, 1996. 1997;US Department of Health and Human Services Publication, Washington, DC. (SMA) 97-3137.